1.5. Read text 1a. Pay attention to the difference between producers. Text 1a Meaning of Production

Production involves all those activities which are needed so that goods and services can be used by members of the public. Production therefore, includes the provision of goods – which can be seen and touched; the provision of services which cannot be seen and touched.

Producers can be divided into industrial workers, commercial workers, direct service workers.

Industrial workers can be divided into (a) extractive, (b) manufacturing, and (c) constructive workers.

Extractive workers take materials and food from the land and the sea. Examples of such workers are coalminers, fishermen and farmers.

Manufacturing workers use the raw materials produced by extractive industry and change them into products which can be used by other firms and the public. In this case the outputs are very different from the inputs.

Constructive workers take the products of extractive and manufacturing industries and build, for example, houses, roads, cars and computers. In this case the inputs are put together (assembled) into outputs which are usually not very different from the inputs.

Commercial workers are involved in the distribution of the goods produced by industrial workers to those who wish to buy them. The types of work which make up commerce are shown in Fig.1.

Commerce

Trade Aids to trade

1 Banking

2 Communications

3 Warehousing

4 Advertising

5 Insurance

6 Transport

Home Aids to trade

1 Wholesale 1 Export

2 Retail 2 Import

Fig. 1. Types of commercial work

Comprehension

1.6. Answer the following questions.

1. What does production involve?

2. How can producers be divided?

3. How can industrial workers be divided?

4. What do extractive workers do?

5. What do manufacturing workers use?

6. What do constructive workers do with the products of extractive and manufacturing industries?

7. What are commercial workers involved in?

1.7. Say if the statements are true or false. Correct the false variant.

Producers can be divided into industrial, commercial and constructive workers. Production includes the provision of goods which can't be seen and touched. Manufacturing workers take raw materials and food from the land and the sea. Constructive workers take the products of extractive and manufacturing industries. Commercial workers are involved in the distribution of the goods produced by industrial workers.

T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

1.8. Read text 1b to find answers to the given questions.

Make use of the vocabulary:

advertising n реклама, рекламное дело

advertisement n рекламное объявление

advertise v рекламировать

available adj имеющийся в наличии

insure v страховать

insurance n страхование

interdependent a взаимозависимый

interdependence n взаимозависимость

retail n розничная торговля

retailer n розничный торговец

tertiary adj третичный

trade n торговля

home ~ - внутренняя торговля

foreign ~ - внешняя торговля

warehouse n торговый склад

warehousing n хранение на складе

wholesale n оптовая торговля

wholesaler n оптовый торговец, оптовик

to make smb aware of smth уведомить кого-либо о чем-либо

to be concerned with smth иметь отношение к чему-л