Претрансляційний аналіз англомовних текстів

Стаття №1

Назва: Germany Is Loaded With Promise

Автор: Роберт Х’юз

Джерело: газета «The New York Times» за 03 червня 2012 року

Стиль: публіцистичний

Жанр: аналітична стаття на спортивну тему

У процесі перекладу статті, нами були встановлені наступні лексичні домінанти, що склали глосарій тексту перекладу:

Nouns: Championship – Чемпіонат [6];

Tournament – змагання, турнір [6];

Team – команда [6];

Players – гравці [6];

Injury – травма [6];

Goalmouth – воротарський майданчик, тут: ворота [6];

Replacement – заміна [6];

Coach – тренер[6] ;

Backbone – кістяк[6] ;

Bundesliga – Бундесліга (Футбольний Чемпіонат Німеччини) [6];

Playmaker – плеймейкер (той, хто створює гру) [6];

Adjectives: quick-witted – спритний [6];

quick-footed – швидконогий [6];

Idioms: to beat over two legs – розбити на голову [6].

Стаття №2

Назва: Lviv, Ukraine

Автор: Кліффорд Дж. Леві

Джерело: газета «The New York Times» за 07 січня 2011 року

Стиль: публіцистичний

Жанр: описова стаття на туристичну тему про підготовку на ЧЄ-2012

У процесі перекладу статті, нами були встановлені наступні лексичні домінанти, що склали глосарій тексту перекладу:

Nouns: airport – аеропорт [7];

wood paneling – дерев’яні панелі [7];

ornate columns – ошатні колони [7];

railway station – залізничний вокзал [7];

presidential elections – президентські вибори [7];

varenyky – вареники [7];

sweet cheese – творог [7];

partisans – партизани [7];

slogan – гасло [7];

skyline – панорама [7];

synagogue – синагога [7];

City Hall – ратуша [7];

Barogue – бароко [7];

co-host – співпартнер [7];

chocolate Workshop – шоколадна фабрика [7];

Adjectives (and Participle II):cobblestoned – вкритий бруківкою [7];

Orthodox – православний [7];

Phrases: to get a makeover – зазнавати реконструкції [7].

Стаття №3

Назва: For Ukraine Striker, Ending Is Also a Beginning

Автор: Джері Лонгман

Джерело: газета «The New York Times» за 06 червня 2012 року

Стиль: публіцистичний

Жанр: аналітична стаття на спортивну тему

У процесі перекладу статті, нами були встановлені наступні лексичні домінанти, що склали глосарій тексту перекладу:

Nouns: ball – м’яч [8];

Penalty – пенальті [8];

forward – нападник [8];

nuclear disaster – тут: Чорнобильська катастрофа [8];

governing body – керівний орган [8];

tank regiment – танковий полк [8];

icon – тут: кумир [8];

Adjectives: soccer – футбольний [8];

Verbs: to kick – копати (щось ногами) [8];

to lurk – затаїтися [8];

to pounce – атакувати [8];

to represent – представляти [8].

Стаття №4

Назва: European Championship Favorites Will Be Tested

Автор: Роберт Х’юз

Джерело: газета «The New York Times» за 07 червня 2012 року

Стиль: публіцистичний

Жанр: аналітична стаття на спортивну тему

У процесі перекладу статті, нами були встановлені наступні лексичні домінанти, що склали глосарій тексту перекладу:

Nouns: favorite – фаворит, улюбленець [9];

defender – захисник [9].

Усі тексти складаються переважно зі складнопідрядних речень, також наявні статистичні дані, роздуми автора та пряма мова, що використовуються для більшої зацікавленості змістом.

У процесі перекладу нами було використано кілька словників:

1. англо-український словник - ABBYY Lingvo (http://www.lingvo.ua/uk);

2. Oxford Dictionary of English;

3. англо-український словник B.K. Мюллера;

4. Новий англо-український та українсько-англійський словник (40 000 слів). – К.: А.С.К., 2001. – 512с.

Germany Is Loaded With Promise

By ROB HUGHES

Published: June 3, 2012

LONDON — A wise man never bets against Germany at the major tournaments, and the team that Joachim Löw has been painstakingly building over six years is now expected to be ready for the European Championship.

The belief is that its young players — like Mesut Ozil and Sami Khedira of the Spanish champion Real Madrid — are much more worldly than they were when they blossomed at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa.

And the experienced guys — like Philipp Lahm, Lukas Podolski and that inveterate striker of goals, Miroslav Klose — are tired of finishing second or third, and want a title to top off their careers.

Germany’s problem in Löw’s time has been, in a word, Spain.

It was the Spanish who beat the Mannschaft in the 2008 Euro final, and the Spanish who eliminated Germany in the World Cup semifinal two years later.

It took the world’s best to expunge a Germany that was growing. But while Carles Puyol and David Villa, both key elements of the Spanish team, are missing the tournament this year because of injury, the Germans should only be getting stronger.

Germany has already shown its meticulous approach to planning for this Euro. While England and Italy have scheduled respectful visits to the former Nazi death camp at Auschwitz when they arrive in Poland, Germany sent a delegation in advance.

That way, they separate the emotion from the duty of winning.

That way, Podolski and Klose, both Polish by birth but German by upbringing and sporting preference, pay their respects and can now concentrate on the tournament.

And while the rising wave of young German talent has offered challengers to both Podolski and Klose, it will be a major surprise if Löw has selected these two proven game-winners just for the ride. Podolski, who intuitively raises his game while wearing the national jersey, looks for the runs that Klose unerringly makes into the goalmouth.

And Klose, who will turn 34 during the tournament, remains a lean, alert, predatory player, even if Bayern Munich let him go to Lazio last summer.

Germany has called upon Klose to play 117 times, and he has answered with 63 goals, leaving him just a handful of strikes behind the greatest German scorer of all time, the incredible Gerd Müller.

Klose’s mind, one of his biggest assets, is set on a winners’ medal. And preying on the mind of Löw has to be that Mario Gómez, Klose’s replacement at Bayern, did the business he was asked to almost every time — until the Champions League final.

Although Munich enjoyed overwhelming possession against Chelsea in that game, Gómez did what Klose simply does not do: He blew his chances on the big stage.

Many, many years ago, I remember asking Helmut Schön, the trainer of West Germany’s world and European champions in the 1970s, about coaches who persevere with aging players. “One does not cling to great players,” Schön responded. “They cling to you.” In other words, even during a rebuilding phase, and even with the wealth of young talent, of multiple ethnicities, that is pushing through in Germany, the coach will select the proven game winners when he can.

Health will determine the selection. This past season in Rome, Klose has had layoffs due to injury, but he has worked himself back toward peak fitness for this event, which combines his Polish heritage with his final desire as an athlete.

“Leaving Bayern Munich,” he said recently, “was like leaving my family. At Lazio, I found another family, and now I want to win a title with the national team — and my feeling is that we can do it.”

Germany doesn’t have an easy group in Ukraine. It opens in Kharkiv against Portugal, and then travels to Lviv to meet its neighbors, the gifted Dutch. Finally, Germany has a contest, again in Lviv, against a Danish side that by then might have nothing to lose.

“I am not even thinking about the possibility of failure,” said Löw, who actually began the transition of the German squad when he was the assistant coach to Jürgen Klinsmann at the 2006 World Cup. “The team,” he added, “has made a lot of progress.

“That doesn’t mean that we will win the title. We don’t underestimate anyone. We should not think that the Netherlands are inferior, with players such as Robin van Persie, Wesley Sneijder and Arjen Robben.

“Portugal has Real Madrid stars like Cristiano Ronaldo and Pepe. Spain has world-class stars like Xavi and Andrés Iniesta. It would be foolish to think they have less quality than Germany.”

Foolish, perhaps. But Munich beat Real Madrid over two legs in the Champions League, and Munich is the backbone of Löw’s team. Borussia Dortmund, which plays a much more direct and a quicker style than Bayern, beat the Muncheners comprehensively in the Bundesliga and the German Cup.

And if the senior Bayern players are not up for the tournament, the younger elements of Dortmund — the quick-witted, quick-footed play maker Mario Götze, the reliable defender Mats Hummels and the emerging midfielder Ilkay Guendogan — will hungrily step into their shoes.

Having coached them all at various ages with Germany’s different national teams, Löw now has them training together in one camp before yet another big tournament. He will know which, if any, of the Bayern players have any kind of a hangover from losing the Champions League final, and he will know exactly why the young guns of Dortmund gave Munich such a thrashing in the German Cup.

Competition for places makes Germany stronger. How strong, we are about to discover.

Lviv, Ukraine

By CLIFFORD J. LEVY

Published: January 7, 2011

IT was the airport in Lviv, of all things, that first charmed me. Regional airports across the former Soviet Union tend to be a dreary lot, with all the appeal of a 24-hour bus station. But the one in Lviv, the largest city in western Ukraine, had wood paneling and ornate columns and the feel of a grand old railway station in a 1950s film.

I was there last winter to cover the Ukrainian presidential elections, tromping through the snow to watch the candidates on the stump and to pester voters for their opinions. But I soon discovered that this city on the edge of the Soviet empire, at a crossroads of Europe, was a cobblestoned find. The unexpected beauty of the airport terminal was a hint of what Lviv offered — winding streets that reflected the influences of centuries of overlapping cultures.

Lviv has gone by many names, thanks to its many rulers, from the Soviets to the Germans to the Poles. But it is the Austro-Hungarian Empire that seems to have had the strongest influence. As I roamed, I was reminded more of Vienna and Prague than Moscow. The beer was tasty and cheap, and many of the meals had hearty Central European staples, including sausages and root vegetables.

Of course, it was not hard to locate Ukrainian specialties, like the dumplings known as varenyky (pronounced va-REN-ee-kee), filled with potatoes or cabbage, sweet cheese or cherries. And there are restaurants that embrace local history, including a provocative one that celebrates Ukrainian partisans during World War II, and is chockablock with anti-Soviet slogans.

Still, what really distinguished Lviv was its decidedly international sensibility, more evident than in any city that I have visited in the former Soviet Union. This was obvious from the range of cathedrals making up the city’s skyline: Ukrainian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox and Roman Catholic.

Lviv is also base for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which in itself speaks to a melding: the church is loyal to Rome, but allows some priests to marry and follows the Eastern ceremonial rite. Lviv was also home to a thriving Jewish community before World War II, and I wandered past the ruins of one of the main synagogues. Not many Jews remain, but plans are being developed to rebuild the synagogue.

And so it went: I tried to work, but the city kept pulling me away. I went to interview an official at City Hall, but ended up at the observation deck on the building’s tower, admiring views of Lviv’s splendid architecture — classical, Baroque and other styles.

An official told me that the city is getting a bit of a makeover before it welcomes the 2012 European soccer championship, for which Ukraine will be co-host with Poland. Though a new international airport terminal is under construction, he assured me that Lviv’s historic character will be preserved. (With luck, the old airport will live on.)

Before departing, I made one final stop. The Lviv Chocolate Workshop beckoned with shelves of handmade treats and the smells of sweet, molten liquids. I purchased several boxes of chocolates to take to my family in Moscow, which I planned to use to convince them that someday, we should all return.

For Ukraine Striker, Ending Is Also a Beginning

By JERÉ LONGMAN

Published: June 6, 2012

KIEV, Ukraine — The end is near, so much so that Andriy Shevchenko cannot precisely remember the distant beginning of his brilliant soccer career. He is said to have begun kicking a ball before he could walk.

“My whole life has been connected with this ball,” he said.

The European Championships start Friday, co-hosted by Poland and Shevchenko’s native Ukraine. At 35, he is gearing up for his final major tournament before, he hopes, a stint with Major League Soccer. He is married to an American, Kristen Pazik, a former model, and they want to spend time with their two young sons in the United States.

“I have several offers,” Shevchenko, who is known as Sheva, said in a telephone interview, speaking Russian through an interpreter.

An M.L.S. official confirmed the league’s interest in Shevchenko, who said, “I asked everyone to wait until the end of this tournament so I can decide what to do.”

He has had a great and curious career as a striker, with a shimmering ascent and a puzzling decline. At the pinnacle, Shevchenko won the European Champions League with A.C. Milan in 2003, scoring the decisive penalty kick in the final against Juventus. In 2004 he was named Europe’s player of the year and finished among the top three for world player of the year. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, perhaps only Hristo Stoichkov of Bulgaria and Shevchenko have left the East to so thoroughly master the West.

He is Ukraine’s leading career scorer, with 46 goals, and Milan’s second-leading career scorer, with 175.

At his best, Shevchenko was full of speed and power, deft with both feet, able to score as a center forward or from both wings, a master at knowing when to lurk and when to pounce.

“All my dreams came true,” Shevchenko said. “My best characteristic is that I made the most important goals in the most difficult games.”

Of course, there were moments of regret. That is the drama of sports. Shevchenko missed the final, critical penalty kick in the 2005 Champions League final against Liverpool. His move to Chelsea of the English Premier League in 2006 became an expensive disappointment, amid much speculation that Roman Abramovich, Chelsea’s Russian owner, coveted Shevchenko more than José Mourinho, then its coach.

“You saw this great trajectory, this explosion and potential, and then there was a moment that was never specified, when he began going downhill and petering out,” said Alexi Lalas, an ESPN commentator and former United States defender. “He had this great ability to do things alone on the field, to take it all on himself. You could target him but not be able to do anything about it.”

Injury and age played their inevitable role in Shevchenko’s decline. A return to Milan in 2008-9 produced only two goals in 26 appearances. For the past three seasons, he has played for Dynamo Kiev, for whom he starred in the mid- and late 1990s in a career that almost ended just as it began with the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl on April 26, 1986.

Now there is one final tournament to play, the Euro 2012. It will be difficult for Ukraine to emerge from a group that includes Sweden, France and England. Only two teams will advance, and among the 16 participating nations, only co-host Poland is ranked lower than Ukraine by FIFA, the sport’s international governing body. But the tournament will be played at home, and the crowds will be supportive. Shevchenko hopes for a magical send-off.

“I’m 35; I don’t have a lot of time left,” he said. “I’ve prepared very seriously.”

A month before the disaster at Chernobyl, Shevchenko, then age 9, signed with the youth team at Dynamo Kiev and entered a sports school. After school ended that spring, he and his classmates were evacuated for three months to southern Ukraine, near the Sea of Azov. Upon returning to Kiev, Shevchenko left the sports school and again began living at home. His father, a mechanic in a tank regiment, had wanted his son to prepare for a career in the military, not soccer.

“My first coach came to my house and talked to my parents,” Shevchenko said. “I went back and started training seriously at Dynamo.”

Five years later, the Soviet Union dissolved and Ukraine gained its independence. Over the past two decades its athletes have become the country’s most visible and recognizable faces: the Olympic champions in figure skating, Oksana Baiul and Viktor Petrenko; the Olympic champions and world record-holders in the pole vault, Sergey Bubka and Yelena Isinbayeva; the heavyweight boxing champions and brothers Wladimir and Vitali Klitschko.

“We are a young country without much history,” Wladimir Klitschko said. “Sheva is an icon to millions. He represents the country in a positive way.”

Euro 2012 was to be a hopeful moment for Ukraine, but the tournament approaches with a planned political boycott by some European countries and concerns among the English players that they may be subjected to racist behavior. Shevchenko said he believed the British news media was overstating the extent of racism in Ukraine.

“They talk about Ukraine like we don’t have culture, like we don’t have nothing,” Shevchenko said in English. “Of course, we have a lot of problems, but people are nice. I don’t see this racism.”

The political boycott stems from the imprisonment of a former prime minister, Yulia V. Tymoshenko, amid what Western leaders have called a backsliding on democracy by Ukraine’s president, Viktor F. Yanukovich. Shevchenko said he would not get involved. He learned a harsh lesson in the 2004 presidential campaign.

At the time, Shevchenko publicly endorsed Yanukovich, who was criticized by some as a pawn for the Kremlin, against the reformist candidate, Viktor A. Yushchenko, in a race that observers said featured widespread fraud. Yushchenko won in a runoff but sustained dioxin poisoning and facial disfigurement in a mystery that has not been solved.

This turbulent period in Ukraine became known as the Orange Revolution, and Shevchenko’s hero status took a hit. At one soccer match, according to The Guardian of London, fans held up a banner that read, “Your choice made the nation weep.”

Yanukovich became Ukraine’s president in 2010. Ukrainian politics are again stormy. This time, Shevchenko said: “I’m not taking any side. I took sides long ago. Now, I represent Ukraine to the world. I have my own mission.”

He said he saw no purpose in a political boycott. “If European leaders want to change something, they don’t have to use sports for it,” he said.

Outside of soccer, Shevchenko has a foundation to support orphaned children. With Nike, his sponsor, he is building a soccer field for children. With his wife, he has started an e-commerce Web site called Ikkon.com, dedicated to men’s fashion and lifestyle. But his main interest remains soccer, Shevchenko said. After his playing career ends, he wants to coach.

“This is the world I understand,” he said, “the world I want to stay in.”

European Championship Favorites Will Be Tested

By ROB HUGHES

Published: June 7, 2012

Here is a look at five favorites in the European Championships, which begin Friday and will be played in Poland and Ukraine.

Spain

It says everything about Spain’s reign in soccer that no team on earth has outplayed it in a competitive match over the past four years. Trying to stop Spain from passing the ball is the most common approach: dull the playmakers Xavi Hernández and Andrés Iniesta by denying them space with one, or even two, lines of obdurate defense, then strike when they grow weary or impatient — or wait and get lucky in a penalty shootout. Chelsea and Inter Milan have done it to Barcelona, and Bayern Munich did it this spring by counterattacking against Real Madrid.

But Spain is unlikely to change the formula that has made it the reigning European and World Cup champion, mainly because that formula is often exquisitely, brilliantly enough to win. Spain is not at full strength — it will miss defender Carles Puyol’s aggressive leadership and forward David Villa’s industrious running — but there is hope that striker Fernando Torres is showing signs of re-emerging into the form that made him one of the world’s most feared strikers.

"We are favorites,” Coach Vicente Del Bosque conceded, “but Netherlands and Germany are also clear favorites because of their impeccable Euro 2012 qualifying. Then you have England, Italy, France, Portugal — all have excellent players.”