20 Навч. Читання іноз. Мовою

Reading is one of the main skills that a pupil must acquire in the process of mastering a foreign language in school. Reading is great educational importance as a reading is a means of communication; people get information they need from books, journals, magazines, newspapers, etc. Through reading in a foreign language the pupil enriches his knowledge of the world around him. He gets acquainted with the countries where the target language is spoken. The teacher can use the whole system of exercises for developing pupils’ ability to read which may be done in two forms – loud and silent. Reading aloud. The following methods are observed: the phonic, the word, the sentence methods. When the phonic method is used, the child learns the sounds and associates them with graphical symbols – letters. In the word method a complete word is first presented to the child. When a several words have been learnt they are used in simple sentences. The sentence method deals with the sentences as units of approach in teaching reading. The teacher can develop pupils’ ability to read sentences with correct intonation. Later the sentence is split up into words. The combination of the three methods can ensure good reading.Non-communication exercises for teaching reading:1 acquisition with the letters; 2 mastering letter–sound and sound–letter connections; 3 automatization of the operation of perceiving the words; 4 acquisition with the rules of reading vowels, consonants, letter combinations; 5 the formation of the habits and skills in reading words, words combinations and sentences. Exercises aimed at the development of graphic–phoneme connection:- sound the letters; - read the letter in different positions in a word; - choose the letter; - count the letters and sounds in a word; - combine capital and small letters; - write down the letter, named by the teacher; - choose the words beginning with the letter…; Stages of work on the text: 1 information of the teacher, concerning the author of the text or the branch of the science, the text belongs; 2 pre-reading exercises; 3 reading of the text; 4 comprehension check; 4 consolidation based on the text.

1. Методика як наука і теорія навчання іноземної мови у школі.

To judge by its pattern of development, language instruction has up to the

present been rather more an art then a science. That is to say it has been largely

intuitive dependent on personal skill and conviction of the teacher. It has hardly

been possible to see in it the characteristics of systematically arranged body of

knowledge developed through the use of time-tested and generally accepted methods.

The answer to this question is that language teaching must be both an art and a science.

The most successful teacher will always be something of an artist. But the art will be

enhance rather destroyed if it exercised within a framework of scientifically established

guidelines (the opinion of American methodologists).

As we know the knowledge and habits of the teacher himself will not be of that of his

pupils if he does not know language teaching, which is based on the achievements o the

science. A teacher must have a good command of the methods of teaching the language.

The main tasks of the theoretical course “Methods of teaching English” are:

to show the main components of the modern theory of teaching English in

secondary establishments and on the basis of it to teach the students to use

theoretical knowledge for practical tasks;

to show the students the modern tendencies in teaching foreign languages in

our country and abroad;

to reveal the constituent part of the modern science methods and to direct the

students to creative research during practical work at school;

during practical classes to form and develop the necessary habits of the students

necessary for creative work in the field of teaching the foreign language;

to make the future teachers work with the special methodological literature

, which is a source of getting new knowledge.

The word “methods” is used in 3 meanings:

“Methods of teaching” as a pedagogical science, which has, on the one hand,

the characteristics of any other branch of science(theoretical grounding,

experimental base, working field for testing scientifically grounded problems)

and, on the other hand – the objects of investigation;

“Methods of teaching” as a combination of forms methods and skills of the

teachers’ work, it is the technological side of the professional practical activity;

“Methods of teaching” as a subject.

The subject “Methods of teaching English” is closely connected with the process

of teaching and its main constituents, with are:

the teaching activity of the teacher;

the learning activity of the pupils;

the organization of instruction.

Those three parts are closely connected and instruction can’t be effective without

them.

So “methods of teaching“ – is a science which learns the aims, methods and means

of instruction as well as ways of teaching and educating on the basis of foreign language.

The object of methods is instruction and the subject – methods of teaching.

“Methods of teaching” may be used in general and special meanings.

General methods of teaching deals with the regularity and the peculiarities of the

process of teaching any foreign language in any type of educational establishment.

Special methods of teaching investigates the teaching of a certain foreign language

in a certain type of educational establishment talking into account the linguistic

peculiarities of the mother tongue.