2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1. great engineering skill; 6. residential area;

2. rational principles; 7. a strong aesthetic argument;

3. fundamental basis; 8. production facilities;

4. function properly; 9. free-standing column;

5. a fair share of attention; 10. crane bays

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. сопротивление материалов; 6. пролет крана;

2. судя по результатам; 7. справедливая доля внимания;

3. разрушительное воздействие; 8. с двойной рамой;

4. жилой район; 9. настил крыши;

5. производственное оборудование; 10. обогреватель, работающий на

жидком топливе.

4. Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. proper 6. architecturе

2. product 7. impress

3. resident 8. success

4. begin 9. responsible

5. similar 10. neighbour

5. Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов (общий, альтернативный, разделительный, специальный: а) к подлежащему, б) к второстепенному члену предложения).

6. Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы и функции инфинитива, инфинитивные конструкции (сложное дополнение, сложное подлежащее), существительное в роли определения, функции слов one (ones), that (those), условные предложения:

1. Such failures are indeed rare, but when one does take place, it calls attention to the great responsibilities of the design engineers.

2. The term "residential area" is commonly taken to mean an area of urban development.

3. A pneumatically-controlled ventilation scheme was installed to carry away the unwanted heat.

4. An area of some two or three thousand dwellings is likely to be exceedingly dull in appearance.

5. To provide full protection against overheating in summer, the roof is double-glazed and has anti-sun glass on the south side.

7. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the proofs of the great engineering skill of ancient people?

2. What has made the design a science?

3. What demands arise for structures and machines?

4. What does the term "design" in connection with residential areas mean?

5. What does residential area contain?

6. How is full protection against overheating in summer provided?

7. What kind of tests are carried out?

8. Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2-3 предложения).

9. Составьте реферат текста (10-15 предложений).

10. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.

Вариант 10

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS

Two new prefabricated building systems and the opening of a factory to manufacture precast sections were announced recently. Of the new systems, both designed for multi­storey structures, one has been planned for university halls of residence. According to a report by a group of architects, student rooms could be accommodated in groups of 12, and common rooms, dining and recreation facilities should be provided as part of the building. Some university authori­ties, however, prefer study-bedroom tower blocks, which accommodate 12 students on each floor sharing a small day-room, or simple common room, but without the larger com­mon room and dining facilities associated with conventional halls of residence.

The new system makes provision for either 12 students with a separate day-room house on each floor, or for 14 study-bedrooms only. The building may be used for teaching pur­poses, if the room divider units are omitted, and a mixture of tutorial rooms and study-bedrooms can, thus, be provided in any one block.

The separate staircase and lift shaft are provided in such a way that groups of blocks from 4 to 12 stories can be placed, if necessary, in close proximity. The ground floor may be modified to provide accommodation for a single member of the teaching staff or for laundry facilities.

The majority of concrete elements, which form the struc­tural system, will be precast in special casting yards on site. The internal wall units will be cast in a machined steel bat­tery mould, which will produce surfaces sufficiently smooth for direct decoration without plastering.

The hollow slab floors will be produced on site with a soffit finish similar to that of the internal wall. The upper surfaces will be finished to a sufficiently high standard for floor finishes to be applied directly without the necessity for screeding. External wall panels, which incorporate in­sulation, will be factory precast, and a wide range of surfaces will be available.

The design has been based on very simple methods of erection and connection between units. The floors of a block are divided into pairs of rooms by load bearing cross walls. These rooms are subdivided by a standard room divider unit containing wardrobes and washbasins. All services are grouped round the central core.

In planning the construction of the building every con­sideration was given to the precise order in which every oper­ation must be carried out and its effect on the completion of succeeding operations.

All pipes and conduits will be assembled and attached to the precast elements before they are placed into position. Off peak, electrically heated, storage units will be used be­cause of the simplicity and speed of installation, and low first cost.

The other new system covers the full range of housing from a single bed-sitter to a six-person flat which can be built in a site factory or in the open.

The location of bath-rooms around the service duct is constant throughout the system and in all cases is supplied with mechanical ventilation. Bathrooms are equipped with hygienically designed fittings to avoid dust catching areas. There are no exposed pipes or cisterns, and wall-taps are pre­fixed to the prefabricated duct.

Kitchen units are arranged in two groups: wall units and floor standing units. Wall-cupboards contain shelves and are fixed to battens cast in the concrete at predetermined spacings: a strip-light is incorporated to light the worktop area. Kitchens and dining-rooms vary in layout. Working kitchens are provided in some of the four-person flats where a slid­ing screen separates the dining/living area. In other instances dining kitchens are provided with a similar screen separating the living area.

Living rooms are designed in proportion to suit family activities and numerous arrangements of furniture, and bed­rooms are planned to provide a number of furniture arrange­ments without introducing cramped corners.

The external wall has been designed to suit load-bearing and non-load-bearing conditions. Electric socket outlets for domestic uses are spaced to provide the utmost flexibility. Provision is also made for a wide range of points for special room lighting.