3.Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы (общий вопрос):

1.They lived in Moscow some years ago. 2. We discussed the plan at the last meeting. 3. He stayed in Kiev a month ago. 4. We worked at this office last year. 5. They went on holiday together. 6. These colours were fine. 6. They lost their way. 7. He paid for everything. 8. The students spoke English. 9. The lecturer came in half an hour. 10. We sent the telegram two days ago. 11. It took them two hours to get home. 12. Last month he went abroad. 13. The couple got a very expensive gift. 14. Her mother made a big cake on her last birthday party. 15. He talked with Alice last night. 16. The talk was interesting. 17. They met the group of the tourists at the station. 18. They met five tourists yesterday. 19. They took the group straight to the hotel. 20. We saw them in the south last summer. 21. He met them last year.

4. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:

They worked at a large factory then. 2. My sister stayed in the country. 3. You lived in that house two years ago. 4. Ann plays tennis very well. 5. My friend decided to enter an Institute next year. 6. My friends gave me a bunch of flowers. 7. Three years ago my friend lived in London. 8. I studied French at school. 9. She sent a letter to her friend. 10. Last year my sister taught Russian at the University.

Ответьте на вопросы, используя оборот used to:

Образец: They tell me Allen lives in Central Street.

Doesn’t he live in Malyshev Street?

He used to live in Malyshev Street but now he lives in

Central Street.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

1. I hear you go to the country by bus. Don’t you usually go there by your car?_______________________________________________________________________

2. Does the bus arrive at 6.15? Doesn’t it arrive at 6.45?______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. I hear your wife studies at the University. Doesn’t she work as a secretary?___________________________________________________________________

4. My friend doesn’t want to see this play any more. I thought that it wasvery popular.______________________________________________________________

5. I was surprised that Mr. Smith teaches Helen. Doesn’t Mr. Brown teachher? ____________________________________________________________________________

6. I hear you spent your last holiday in the mountains. I was sure that you spent your holiday in the country._________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7.I hear you do your homework in the evening. Don’t you watch television in the evening?_______________________________________________________________

Выберите правильный вариант:

Образец: I don’t like him either.

Мне он тоже не нравится.

I like him too.

Мне он тоже нравится.

a) either b) too

I didn’t see the film… .2. He can speak German… . 3. The official took my ticket… . 4. He didn’t go to the Departure control… . 5. Does he know English…? 6. I didn’t make the reservation… .7. He sent the invitation to Mr. Grey… .8. We invited them to the restaurant… .9. We didn’t cooperate with this firm… .

Закончите предложения по образцу, используя Past Indefinite:

Образец: Now he lives in town but last year he lived in the country.

My sister studies French but at school.... 2. She often sleeps in the daytime but he n…before. 3. She knows something about this problem but before she entered the Institute she….4. Now I like classical music but when I was young I…. 5. I am a young specialist now but last year I… .

6. He leaves home at 7’clock but when he lived in the centre of the town he…. 7. He doesn’t smoke now but a few months ago . 8. She seldom writes to her friend but there was a time when she…. 9. This year I go to the cinema at weekends but last year I…. 10. We usually watch television in the evening but last night we….

Закончите разделительные вопросы:

1. You got up at 7 o’clock this morning,…?

2. You are going to phone him,…?

3. Jack drives carefully,…?

4. Ann works well,…?

5. She was very pretty,...?

6. Fred reads quickly,…?

7. She dances very well,…?

8. My sister is a nice girl,…?

9. He had a good time last night,…?

10. You don’t have a record-player,…?

11. You are not going out tonight,…?

12. They aren’t going to the movie, …?

13. You didn’t have coffee for breakfast,…?

14. She wasn’t at home,…?

15. They don’t play tennis,…?

16. She doesn’t speak loudly,…?

17. He isn’t a good student,…?

18. He knows the address of the firm,…

19. You looked through these catalogues,…

20. You are not interested in this model,…

21. They are going to introduce this new method,…

22. They make very important decisions,…

23. You didn’t have to wait for him,…

24. He doesn’t like his job,…

25. She forgot about it,…

26. I am late,…

27.They want to supply us with some engines,…

Составьте альтернативные вопросы:

Образец:She lived in Moscow (Kiev).

Did she live in Moscow or in Kiev?

He studied at the University (Institute). 2.It took him tree minutes to wash (five minutes). 3. He did his homework at home (library). 4. It took her an hour (half an hour) to cook dinner. 5. We had three (four) lectures on Friday. 6. He knew all (a few) grammar rules. 7. Peter played indoor (outdoor) games.

Составьте предложения по образцам:

Образец: - I always read newspapers in the morning.

- And what about yesterday?

- I read them yesterday too.

- I usually watch television in the evening.

- And what about last night?

-

- I often get up at 6 in the morning.

- And what about yesterday?

-

I do my morning exercises every day.

- And what about last Sunday?

-

-I leave home at 8 o’clock.

-And what about yesterday?

-

- I usually go to the institute by bus.

- And what about the day before yesterday?

-

-I often stay at the institute after classes.

-And what about last Wednesday?

-

Образец: -I didn’t like the film.

-And I liked it very much.

- I didn’t study English last year.

- And I

- I didn’t sleep well last night.

- And I

- I didn’t know those facts

- And I

-I didn’t show him my test.

- And I

-I didn’t let them go.

- And I

- I didn’t sell the house.

- And I

- I didn’t pay for the present.

- And I

- I didn’t take part in the party.

- And I

- I didn’t understand the story.

- And I

-I didn’t buy the catalogue.

- And I

Раскройте скобки и поставьте подходящие по смыслу вопросительные слова:

(Кто) works here? 2. (Почему) are they so happy? 3.(Чей) textbook are you reading? 4. (Кого) do you like best in the group? 5. (Где) you live? 6. (Какой) nationality are you? 7. (Откуда) are you from? 8. (Когда) will you join the group of tourists? 9. (Как часто) do you go to the museums? 10.(Сколько) books on your speciality did you read last month? 11. (Сколько) milk do you usually buy?

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What was your favourite subject at school?

2. What was the teacher’s name?

3. How many lessons did you have a week?

4. What marks did you get in the subject?

5. What did you do at the lessons?

6. Did you learn anything which is useful to you today?

fact that he made a lot…mistakes, everybody liked his talk. I am sure he does it…the expense…his studies. 14. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Ann was a shop assistant. She lived in a little house next to the big block at the seaside. The shop opened at nine, and Ann got up at seven. She went to the bathroom, then had a cup of tea and a cake and went to the shop. She got to the shop by bus. At the bus stop she often met Helen. They took a bus and went to the centre. It took them twenty minutes to get to the centre. While in the bus they talked about life, students and shop visitors. Ann liked the shop, but she wanted to be a student like Helen. She planned to take exams to the Technical College. She wanted to study economics. Ann liked it and she hoped to make a good economist.

The shop closed at seven. Ann got home by bus, but that time alone.

Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Он очень любил детей. 2. По вечерам он редко бывал дома. 3. Мой сын учился в этой школе. 4. Сын моей сестры решил поступать в институт в следующем году. 5. Пять лет назад мы жили в Москве. 6. Я играл в шахматы пять лет назад. 7. Они показали нам свой план. 8. Я забыл об этом. 9. Он продал все свои вещи. 10. Мой друг рассказал мне обо всем.11. В три часа его не было дома. 12. Было довольно поздно, и мы решили вернуться домой.

Вставьте, где необходимо, предлоги:

1. I’m going… Tallinn tomorrow. I often go there…business. 2. He does not often go…abroad.

3. Their office is…Switzerland. 4. He is waiting…me…the entrance. 5. Your train leaves …a quarter to five. 6. …what time is he leaving? 7. Mr. Smith is leaving…London…Moscow tomorrow. 8. Put your luggage…the ground. 9. It was difficult…me to understand…him. 10. Listen…them. They are speaking Spanish. 11. Sign the cheque …the presence of the cashier. 12. I fully rely…him. He never let me down. 13. The child spends a lot of time in front…TV. 14. He often came…my place with his family. 15. Mr. Black is arriving…Omsk…the 2^nd February. 16. Please, make a reservation…the hotel. 17. Thank you…cooperation. 18. My friend and I always prepare for our examinations together. 19. I took my English exam the day…yesterday. 20. My friend is going to take his exam…two day’s time. 21. When I was away…my holiday last year, I swam…the sea three hours…d day. 22. You shouldn’t stay…the sun…twelve o’clock. 24. She usually finishes her work…the end…July and leaves…Moscow. 25. I hope to hear…her soon. 26. She’ll be back…Moscow…August. 27. My friend is going to make a report…English History and I want to listen…him. 28. What’s the matter…you? 29. How can I get…your brother/s? 30. He always makes notes…all the lectures.

UNIT 19 THE FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE (SIMPLE)

БУДУЩЕЕ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

Будущее неопределенное время образуется от вспомогательных глаголов shall(для 1 лица единственного и множественного числа) и will (для всех остальных лиц) + первая форма глагола.

Утверждение	Вопрос	Краткий ответ
I shall work We shall work You will work He will work She will work It will work They will work	Shall I work? Shall we work? Will you work? Will he work? Will she work? Will it work? Will they work?	Yes, I shall. No, I shall not (shan’t) Yes, we shall. No, we shall not (shan’t) Yes, you will. No, you will not (won’t) Yes, he will. No, he will not (won’t) Yes, she will. No, she will not (won’t) Yes, it will. No, it will not (won’t) Yes, they will. No, they will not (won’t)

Слова-определители:

tomorrow next week next month next year next Monday in two days in a week in a month in a year

завтра на следующей неделе в следующем месяце в следующем году в следующий понедельник через два дня через неделю через месяц через год

Future Indefinite употребляется:

1.Для выражения будущего действия:

We shall go to Moscow next month. Мы поедем в Москву в следующем месяце.

My son will enter the University in a year. Мой сын поступит в университет через год.

2. Для выражения последовательных действий в будущем:

Tomorrow he will get up early, he will go to the station and he will meet his parents.

Завтра он встанет рано, поедет на станцию и встретит родителей.

Задание

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Indefinite:

I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. I (not to play) chess tomorrow. 3. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 4. I (to miss) your excellent cooking. 5. I (not to miss) your cooking. 6. You (to miss) my cooking? 7. They say for (to cover the area early tomorrow. 8. They say fog (not to cover) the area tomorrow. 9. The fog (to cover) the area tomorrow? 10. It (to clear) and (to become) sunny by noon. 11. It (not to clear) and (to become) sunny by noon. 12. It (to clear) and (to become) sunny by noon? 13. They (to take care) of the garden next spring. 14. They (not to take care) of the garden next spring. 15. They (to take care) of the garden next spring?

Задание

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past и Indefinite:

1. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) on holiday. 2. I (not to go) there next summer because it (to cost) a lot of money and I can’t afford it. 3. Who (to take care) of the children in the future? 4. How often you (to go) to the dentist’s? 5. She (to do) all the washing in their house this month. 6. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (not to be) a problem. 7. You think you (to be happy) in your new neighbourhood? 8. I (to think) Nancy (to leave) for Moscow tomorrow. 9. Various kinds of sports are popular in Russia. 10. A week ago they (not to know) what to think. 11. Don’t worry, the problem (not to be) very great. 12. You (to know) that a very interesting match (to take) place last Sunday? 13. We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 14. What you (to prepare) for breakfast tomorrow? 15. He (to wash) and (to fix) his car every Saturday. 16. She (to look) out of the window and (to see) her children playing in the yard. 17. Grandfather always (to fall) asleep when he (to watch) television. 18. When you (to see) him last time? 19. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and (to run) away. 20. The train (to start) in fifteen minutes. 21. It often (to rain) here in October. 22. It (not to snow) in Moscow in May. 23. It often (to snow) in winter in the Urals. 24. It often (to rain) here in September? 25. It never (to snow) here in November. 26. It (to rain) here every day last month. 27. You (to think) it (to rain) tomorrow? 28. It (to snow) yesterday evening? 29. It (to rain) today?

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения:

1.We shall have dinner in half an hour. 2. They will visit the museum next time. 3. I shall understand everything. 4. My daughter will have her French on Monday. 4. I’ll meet with her. 5. He’ll do it. 6. We’ll wait for you. 7. They will answer our questions. 8. Do you think they will see each other again? 9. I think I shall go back to that place. 10. I am afraid that something will happen between them. 11. I shall call you soon. 12. I hope I shall get this job. 5. I’ll earn about forty thousand pounds a year. 13. Next month we shall have lessons of English twice a week. 14. This river will dry up in a few years. 15. I shall ring you up as soon as I return home.16. Will you be here tomorrow? Yes, I shall, I’ll be here. 17. Will Mary come too? I think, she will. 18. Will John be in class tomorrow? No, he won’t. 19. He will go to the hospital. 20.He won’t be here.

В каком времени глагол-сказуемое?

а)

1. Pres. Ind. 2. Past. Ind. 3. Fut. Ind. 4. Pres. Cont. 5. Past. Cont. 6. Fut. Cont.

1. wrote 2. is writing 3. will write 4. shall be writing 5. writes 6. was writing

b)

1.My brother works at the plant. 2.He studied many special subjects at the Institute. 3.We were asking each other. 4.He will pass his exams successfully. 5.She is translating sentences. 6.We shall have a short rest. 7.I shall be writing my report in the evening. 8.We shall have the English lesson in this room. 9.He shut the door. 10.I get up very early every day. 11.On Wednesday we went to the library. 12.He is listening to the news over the radio. 13.He met his friends in the reading-hall.

1. Pres. Ind. 2. Past. Ind. 3. Fut. Ind. 4. Pres. Ind. 5. Past. Cont. 6. Fut. Cont.

а) раскройте скобки:

1. I (to be) at home last Sunday.

2. I often (to go) to the country on my days off this year.

3. He (to meet) me at the station in two days.

4. You (to be) busy yesterday evening.

5. They (to have) a meeting yesterday.

6. My brother (to understand) everything when I speak English.

7. The friends (to bring) the dictionaries to the lesson next time.

b) сделайте предложения вопросительными (общий вопрос):

1. I was at home last Monday.

2. We went to the club last night.

3. He was at the office yesterday.

4. He came to the office in the morning.

5. They taught me English.

6. I shall see him at the office today.

7. It took them much time to do this.

8. The service was excellent.

9. He looked kind and friendly.

c) сделайте предложения отрицательными:

1. We study French.

2. He teaches us French.

3. He speaks French very well.

4. They have some pictures in their classroom.

5. I do my lessons in the evening.

6. We came here every morning.

7. You were busy yesterday.

8. They will go there tomorrow.

9. He said something about it.

Дополните предложения по образцу:

Образец: - I did the work yesterday.

- And I shall do the work tomorrow.

- I helped him yesterday.

- And I

- I met her at the station.

- And I

- I studied two foreign languages.

- And I

- I chose this model.

- And I

- I brought the dictionary to the lesson.

- And I

-I arranged the meeting for the students last week.

- And I

-I went to the south on holiday.

- And I

- I spent my weekend in the country

- And I

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. When will your summer vacation start?

2. What are your plans for the vacation?

3. Will you spend the vacation with your family?

4. When are you going to leave for your vacation?

5. Are you going abroad ?

6. What do you plan to do next autumn?

7. What place will you go next month?

8. Will you go to see your friends next Sunday?

9. Will you watch TV together?

Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Я возьму эти книги в библиотеке. 2. Они поженятся на следующей неделе. 3. Я подумаю об этом завтра. 4. Ты купишь эти вещи. 5. Он позволит мне уйти. 6. Они будут хранить эти письма. 7. Вы поймете ее? 8. Он задаст нам вопросы? 9. Где вы поставите цветы? 10. Как вы узнаете об этом? 11. Группа студентов нашего института собирается в Москву в следующую пятницу. Они останутся там до вторника. 12. Я не пойду в кино с вами. У меня урок в это время. 13. Когда ты будешь заниматься английским? Сегодня вечером. Николай придет ко мне и мы будем заниматься вместе. 14. Кто-нибудь из студентов вашей группы примет участие в конференции «Проблемы экологии»? Конечно.

Поставьте вместо пропусков предлоги, где необходимо:

1. Mr. Green came…Moscow…Friday morning. He had no time to go…the restaurant to have breakfast. He picked…the telephone and ordered breakfast. …a few minutes the maid knocked…the door and entered…his room. His breakfast was…a tray. He paid… the bill and the maid left the room. Mr. Green turned…the radio and listened…the news. Then he read a newspaper…Russian. He looked…his watch. It was…ten o’clock. It was time to leave…the hotel. 2. I think I’ll speak…him…the phone. 3. Why weren’t you…time…the lecture yesterday? 4. Will you go …the country…me…the weekend? 5. I’ve got a lot…things to do…the house. 6. I’m going to stay…town…the weekend. My brother is leaving… Ekaterinburg…Moscow. 7. I think he’ll be here…Saturday. 8. Which book are you working…now? 9. Do you still work…a factory? 10. All… us work hard…our English. 11. Who’s going to give a lecture…History today? 12. What’s he is afraid…? 13. I asked the librarian to show some books …Oscar Wilde…me. 14 These books are too difficult…me. 15. Our country is rich…oil. 16. This thing is good…nothing. 17. I did it…the greatest ease. 18. I am surprised…what you said. 19. …respect…your offer I don’t say anything definite. 20. The teacher often…means…drawing …the blackboard illustrates various things…the text. 19. These are the children she takes care.. .20. The shops close…5.30 p.m. 21. Are you busy…the moment? 22. I don’t like going out…night. 23. Mr. Ben is busy…present. 24. Liz and Ann arrived…the same time. 25. Turn left…the traffic lights. You’ll find the TV programme…page five. 26. It is dangerous when children play…the street. It was a very slow train because it stopped…every station. 27. Welcome…the hotel. 28. He returned…France…the end…the week. 29. Look! That house is…fire. 30. When you do an exam, you are not allowed to write…pencil.

UNIT 20 Subordinate Clauses of Time and Condition

Придаточные предложения времени и условия

Дополнительные придаточные предложения

В обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях времени и условия для выражения обычного будущего действия употребляется Present Indefinite Tense (простое настоящее время) вместо Future Indefinite Tense (простого будущего времени) после союзов: if (если), unless (если не, пока не, если только), when (когда), till (пока, до тех пор пока, до тех пор пока не), as soon as (как только), before (до того как), after (после того как):

I will go to the cinema if he calls me.

Я пойду в кино, если он позвонит.

В дополнительных придаточных предложениях, начинающихся с союзов if и when, Future Indefinite Tense (будущее простое время) сохраняется:

I don't know if he will call me.

Я не знаю, позвонит ли он мне.

Тип придаточного предложения легко определяется постановкой вопроса к нему: придаточное времени — когда?, придаточное условия — при каком условии?_, в каком случае?; придаточное дополнительное — вопросы косвенных падежей: что? о чем?, и т. д. Кроме того, союз if в обстоятельственном придаточном предложении переводится русским союзом если, а в дополнительном — ли:

I don't know if I will go to Moscow soon (что?).

Я не знаю, поедет ли он скоро в Москву.

I will visit the Red Square if I go to Moscow (в каком случае?).

Я посещу Красную площадь, если поеду в Москву.

3. Для выражения действия в будущем в обстоятельственных предложениях времени после союзов when, after, before, till, until, as soon as, while и условия после союзов if, unless, in case:

When you call me tomorrow, I shall give you my dictionary.

Когда ты придешь ко мне завтра, я дам тебе словарь.

As soon as you come, we shall begin working.

Как только ты придешь, мы начнем работать.

If the weather is fine, we shall go to the forest.

Если погода будет хорошей, мы поедем в лес.

Иногда ошибочно заменяют в придаточных определительных предложениях, которые вводятся словом when, будущее время настоящим.

Сравните:

I shall ask him about it when he comes.

Я спрошу его об этом, когда он придет.

The question is when he will come.

Вопрос в том, когда он придет.

Определить, нужно ли после when заменить будущее время настоящим, можно следующим образом:

- если when имеет значение «когда именно», т. е. имеется в виду день, дата, месяц, час, и если на можно поставить логическое ударение, то употребляется будущее время:

I don’t know when he will return.

Я не знаю, когда (именно в какое время) он вернется.

I shall ask him about it when he returns.

Я спрошу его об этом тогда (в том случае), когда он вернется.

Задание

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени:

1. Before you (to cross) the square, you will come to the hospital. 2. When you (to cross) the square, you will see the hospital. 3. If you (to translate) this article from English into Russian, you will use it in your report. 4. If she (to be) in town, she will meet you at the station. 5. If you (not to hurry), you will miss the train. 6. If it (to rain), we shall not go to the country. 7. When my friends (to come) to Ekaterinburg, we shall go to the theatre. 8. What will you be doing when he (to come) to your place? 9. Don’t forget to pay for your coffee before you (to leave) the bar. 10. I shall translate the text if you. (to give) me your dictionary. 11. Where will you go when you (to arrive) in London? 12. I shan’t have dinner before mother (to come home). 13. What will you do if you (to finish) your translation this evening? 14. We shall wait for him till he (to return).

Задание

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени:

1. If we (to stay) a few days more in your town, we'll (to call) on you and we (to have) a good time. 2. As soon as I (to return) from the library, I’ll (to ring) you up. 3. I (to stay) at home, till she (to come). 4. We (to go) to the cinema if she (to buy) the tickets. 5. If I (to see him), I (to tell) him about your problem. 6. We (to gather) at our place when my husband (to come) back from America. 7. I (to sing) the song with you if you (to tell) me the words. 8. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our country house next time. 9. What you (to do) when you (to come) home? 10. What we (to do) if it (to rain) tomorrow morning? 11. What she (to ask) if she (to meet) her teacher again? 12. If it (to be) very cold tomorrow, our car (not to start). 13. If the weather (to be) fine, we shall go to the lake to swim. 14. If they (to go) to California, they (to visit) their friends.

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Переведите предложения:

1. Unless he wants to learn a foreign language, nobody will help him. 2. I don’t know if he will be able to learn anything. 3. Unless he studies hard, he won’t learn anything. 4. It’s difficult to say whether he will like this job. 5. Unless he likes his work, he won’t do it. 5. If they don’t have time, they won’t go there, will they? 6. I can’t say if they will go there. 7. I doubt if he will come first. 8. It’s difficult to say when I’ll see him. But if I see him, I”ll certainly speak to him. 9. After we settle the price problem, we’ll sign the contract. I’ll telephone you this evening if I…time. 10. What will you do is you …find job next month? I’ll tell you as soon as I…. 11. If I…George I’ll tell him to see you. 12. I…happy when this work is finished.

13. My father said to me that he would give me the money if I need)…it. 14. It’ll be nice when we (be) at home again. 15. When it stops raining I think I (do) some gardening.

Употребите глагол в скобках в форме Present Indefinite или Future Indefinite:

If you (to go) to the exhibition, you (to see) him. 2. Unless I (to be) too busy, I (to come) there for certain. 3. When you (to meet) him, you (to explain) everything, I hope. 4. Unless he (to be) too busy, he (to help) you. 5. If I (to have) time enough, I (to visit) the Gallery. 6. If you (to work) hard, you (to have) time enough. 7. As soon as I (to return), I (to call) you. 8. He (to leave) the office when he (to finish) his report. 9. I (to leave) the library before he (to come) there. 10. They (to take) a plane if they (to go) abroad. 11. We (to send) him a telegram as soon as he (to arrive). 12. She (to visit) her parents this week if she (not to be) too busy. 13. I (to see) you before you (to start)? 14. Where they (to go) if the weather (to be) fine? 15. If it (to rain), we shall (to stay) at home. 16. She (to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 17. I am sure he (to come) to say good bye before he (to leave). 18. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the study. 19. If she (to be) tired, we (to stop) in a small village on the way to the city. 20. If you (to miss) the train 10.30, there is another one at 10.40.

Закончите предложения:

1. I don’t know if… 2. We are not sure whether… 3. You may watch TV until… 4. I’ll give him the book as soon as… 5. We’ll go to the country unless… 6. I’ll wait for my colleague until… 7. He’s got plenty of things to do before… 8. They’ll ring him up if… 9. Before he stars for London,… . 10. If you spil the salt,… .11. If you do not do that,… . 12. If you break a mirror,… .13. I shan’t speak to him till… .14. If I am tired,… .15. Ring me up before you… .

Переведите предложения:

1. Если они помогут нам, мы переведем текст за полчаса. 2. Я посмотрю газеты после того, как позавтракаю. 3. Я буду рада, если он напишет мне письмо. 4. До тех пор пока я не сдам экзамены, я не поеду в отпуск. 5. Как только я найду работу, я напишу родителям. 6. Если мой муж получит отпуск летом, мы поедем к морю. 7. Если отпуска у него не будет, я проведу время в городе. 8. До того как мы поедем к морю, я навещу свою бабушку. 9. Если ты поедешь к морю, напиши, когда ты будешь в Москве. 10. После того как я встречу друзей, мы все пойдем в кино. 11. Я дам тебе этот журнал, как только прочитаю его. 12. Прежде чем дети пойдут спать, они почистят зубы перед сном.

13. Если будем заниматься хорошо, то успешно сдадим сессию. 14. Преподаватель будет рад, если мы успешно сдадим сессию, но он не уверен, сумеем ли мы сдать зачеты и экзамены вовремя.

15. Руководитель фирмы подпишет бумаги после того, как вернется с важной деловой встречи. 16. Я дам вам этот отчет, как только сам проверю его. 17. Мы опоздаем на самолет, если вы не поторопитесь. .18. Я посмотрю телевизор после того, как приготовлю ужин. 19. Если вы будете на месте, у меня будет время встретиться с вами. 20. Мы сегодня пойдем в театр, если закажем билеты заранее. 21. Я посмотрю эти научные статьи, как только закончу свою работу. 22. Я сообщу вам мой новый адрес, как только мы переедем на новую квартиру. 23. Если меня никто не встретит на вокзале, я возьму такси. 24. Когда я приеду в Москву, я дам тебе телеграмму. 25. Я помогу тебе, как только закончу работу над статьей. 26. Мы не будем обедать, пока ты не придешь. 27. Если он не ответит на мое письмо, я не буду больше ему писать. 28. Я позвоню вам перед тем, как уехать из Екатеринбурга. 29. Если он не приедет завтра, пошлите ему телеграмму. 30. Я поговорю с ней об этом, как только увижу ее.

Вставьте, где необходимо, предлоги:

There is a steady demand in our region…such products. 2. Please send…us the catalogue and price lists. 3. I phoned…him…Monday morning…the 25 March…12 o’clock. 4. I went…their office…the second floor. 3. The Manager arrived…7o’clock and the secretary accompanied him…the office. Then she showed a few visitors…the office. 4. The visitors came…New York…last Monday. They arrived…Kennedy Airport and went…the Wellington Hotel…taxi. …a few days they will leave…New York…Maison. They will stay…Maison…a few days. 5. I’d like to speak…Mr. Brown instead… Mr. Smith. I know that his office is next…Mr. Smith’s office. I am going up…lift. 6. I want to meet Mr. Brown…the morning. I’ll introduce you…him. 7. Come.., please. 8. Where is Mr. Collins, my colleague…the опросительные слова в специальных вопросах (where — где, why — почему, when — когда, how many, how much — сколько, what — что) ставятся на первое место в предложении перед USA? 9. When she opened the meeting…the first time…her life, her voice was full…nervousness. 10. The young scientist shook hands…his friends. 11. Ask Jane to join…our group. 12. She looks serious but I know than she is very jolly…nature and she is fond…singing and dancing. 12. I know…my own experience that to gain a good knowledge…a foreign language one must work hard…it. 13. …spite…the Which books…Jack London have you read…the original? 15. The workers…the plant went…strike and the news spread immediately all…the place. 16. He only came…a short stay but the news…his arrival spread…no time. 17. What are your reasons…thinking so? 18. He used to go…the library…time…time to read the articles…the subjects he was interested… . 19. The waiter set the table…two people instead…three. 20. Each of us is responsible…carrying…the plan. 21. She said that the new film was worth…seeing but I thought that she was only saying it…fun. 22. Do you mind my turning…the radio? I am tired…this loud music. 23. We’ll do everything…our power to help them. 24. I never mean to make fun…somebody. 25. It was difficult to follow…the speaker because he did not always keep…the subject. 26. You always lose your things because you don’t keep them…order. 27. After hearing those words the guests burst…laughing. 28. Mother said, “Keep your elbows…the table.” 29. It’s very dangerous to run…a busy street. 30. He looked very cross when I ran…him…the street.

UNIT 21 THE PERFECT TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE

СОВЕРШЕННЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА. АКТИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

Совершенные времена - Perfect Tenses - употребляются для выражения действия, совершенного к какому-либо моменту в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем, причем результат действия связан с последующим ходом событий:

I have lost my key. Я потерял ключ.

I have just aired the room. Я только что проветрил комнату.

The Present Perfect Tense (настоящее совершенное время) образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to have в Present Indefinite (have, has) и причастия прошедшего времени Past Participle (Participle II) или III-й формы смыслового глагола (played, written):

I have translated the text. Я перевел текст.

Глагол в Present Perfect обычно переводится на русский язык глаголом совершенного вида прошедшего времени (перевел).

В вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях используется вспомогатель­ный глагол have для всех лиц и чисел кроме III л. ед. ч. (he, she, it). В этом случае используется вспо­могательный глагол has, который ставится в вопросительном предложении перед подлежащим. В отрицательных предложениях отрицательная час­тица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

I have done Я сделал He has done Он сделал She has done Она сделала We have done Мы сделали You have done Вы сделали They have done Они сделали

Have I done? Has he done? Has she done? Have we done? Have you done? Have they done?

Yes, I have. No, I have not (haven’t) Yes, he has. No, he has not (hasn’t) Yes, she has. No, she has not (hasn’t) Yes, we have. No, we have not (haven’t) Yes, you have. No, you have not (haven’t) Yes, they have. No, they have not (haven’t)

Have you read the English books? Вы прочитали книгу на английском языке?

I have not ( haven’t) bought any milk today. Я не купил молока сегодня.

Has he met her at the station? Он встретил ее на станции?

Вопросительные слова в специальных вопросах (where — где, why — почему, when — когда, how many, how much — сколько, what — что) ставятся на первое место в предложе­нии перед вспомогательным глаголом:

What have you done this week?	Что вы сделали на этой неделе?
What has she done this week?	Что она сделала на этой неделе?

Вопрос к подлежащему не меняет порядка слов в предложении, вопросительное слово who — кто, what — что, заменяет подлежащее, при этом меняется лицо и число сказуемого на III лицо, ед. числа:

He has met her at the airport today. Он встретил ее в аэропорту сегодня.

Who has met her at the airport today? Кто встретил ее в аэропорту сегодня?

We have already bought a new dictionary. Мы уже купили новый словарь.

Who has bought a new dictionary already? Кто уже купил новый словарь?

The Present Perfect Tense употребляется:

1. Для выражения совершившегося действия, своим результатом связанного с на­стоящим моментом:

I have broken my cup. (So, I can’t have tea now).

Я сломал свою чашку. (Теперь я не могу попить чай).

В этом случае Present Perfect может употребляться с наречиями неопределенного времени, когда они не указывают на точный момент в прошлом.

Слова-определители:

already often never just

уже часто никогда только что

yet not yet lately recently

уже еще за последнее время недавно

Но если указывается точный момент в прошлом, употребляется Past Indefinite (Simple):

He has already bought vegetables. Он уже купил овощи. – Present Perfect.

He bought vegetables yesterday. Он купил овощи вчера. – Past Indefinite.

2. Для выражения действия с наречиями, которые указывают, что период времени еще не истек:

this week this month this year

на этой неделе в этом месяце в этом году

today tonight

сегодня сегодня вечером

Have you done much work this week? Вы много сделали на этой неделе?

4. Момент начала действия указан с помощью слова since — с тех пор, как, которое может быть наречием, предлогом или союзом, вводящим обстоятельственное придаточное предложение времен

I haven’t played football since. (наречие) Больше я не играл в футбол.

I haven’t played football since that time. (предлог) С тех пор я не играл в футбол.

I haven’t played football since I left the team. (союз)

Я не играл в футбол с тех пор, как ушел из команды.

5. Весь период совершения действия обычно указывается с помощью предлога for:

I haven’t seen her for three years. Я не видел ее три года.

В этом случае в Present Perfect обычно употребляются глаголы, не имеющие формы Continuous (Progressive).

Таблица употребления Past Indefinite и Present Perfect

Past Indefinite	Present Perfect
He met his friend two weeks ago. Я встретил его друга два года назад. (Важно время совершения действия)	He has met his friend. Он встретил его друга. (Важен результат, а не время совершения действия)
Last year I often played tennis. В прошлом году я часто играл в теннис. (Для выражения прошедших действий)	He has just brought the dictionary. Он только что принес словарь. (Для выражения действия, совершенного к моменту речи и результат действия имеется сейчас)
I got up, washed, dressed, had breakfast and left home. Я проснулся, умылся, оделся, позавтракал и ушел из дома. (Для выражения обычного повторяющегося действия в прошлом)	.He has lived in Ekaterinburg for five years. Он живет в Екатеринбурге пять лет (Он все еще живет в Екатеринбурге сейчас.) Сравните: He lived in Ekaterinburg for five years. Он жил в Екатеринбурге пять лет. (Он не живет в Екатеринбурге сейчас.)
Shakespeare wrote many famous plays. Шекспир написал много знаменитых пьес. (Для выражения действия, совершенного в прошлом и ничем не связанного с настоящим, время подразумевается, но не указывается)	He has broken his cup. Он разбил чашку. (Действие произошло в прошлом и связано с настоящим)
С наречиями, словами и выражениями: yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last Wednesday, last time, ago, then, in 2000 и т. д.	С наречиями, словами и выражениями: never, ever, always, already, yet, so far, today, this week, this year, once, just, lately, recently, for, since, several times и т.д.
When?	How long?

Задание

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

What’s the matter? Why has he stopped? 2. My friend is looking for a job, but he hasn’t found a job yet. 3. How long have you worked here? 5. What newspapers have you looked through? 6. What literature have you used for your report? 7. Since what time haven’t you heard from your sister? 8. We’ve never done it before. 9. He’s already been here. 10. I have just spoken to them. 11. Have you ever been to London? 12. Has he finished the work yet? 13. I haven’t seen her lately. 14. We haven’t thought of it yet. 15. They’ve never been to any foreign country. They have sent us several telegrammes lately. 16. How many English articles have you read this month? 17. I have just had breakfast and I am reading a newspaper. 18. Have you done the translation already? 19. Have you seen any interesting TV shows lately? 20 How long have you been here?

Задание

В следующих предложениях измените время глагола на Present Perfect:

1. The children are writing a test. 2. My friend is helping me to translate a difficult text. 3. I am learning the rule by heart. 4. She is telling them an interesting story. 5. Mother is sweeping the floor. 6. The waiter is setting the table. 7. The girl is putting a bottle of mineral water in front of me. 8. I am eating my lunch. 9. The waiter is bringing us some meat and vegetables. 10. The shop assistants are having tea. 11. She is taking the dirty plates from the table. 12. She is making a new dress for her birthday party. 13. The girl is opening a box of biscuits. 14. Jane is ordering a glass of apple juice. 15. We are looking for more SDs with good modern music. 16. What language are you studying? 17. Who is writing this report? 18. We are learning a lot of English words. 19. What is she teaching them? 20. Who is teaching you to do that?

Задание

Ответьте на вопросы по образцу:

Образец: Have you brought my book?

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Has he brought your book?

Yes, he has.

No, he hasn’t.

1. Have you seen the new television programme? 2. Have you read my letter? 3. Have you passed your English exam? 5. Has he phoned her today? 4. Has she sent them a telegram? 5. Have they read the novel in the original? 6. Have I helped you? 7. (already) I have spoken to her.

Задание

Поставьте наречие на правильное место в предложении:

1. (ever) Have you traveled? 2. (always) She has been a bright student. 3. (never) We have seen that thriller. 4. (just) They have had a walk in the garden. 5. (yet) Have you finished the translation? 6. (always) I have wanted to see Brighton. 7. (yet) She hasn’t seen her parents. 8. (lately) Have you heard from Jane? 9. (ever) Have you had any troubles with your family?

Задание

Составьте предложения по образцу, употребляя Present Perfect:

Образец: I am very tired. (to work) I have worked hard.

1. She can speak English well. (to learn) 2. He can share his impressions about the performance. (to see). 3. I know the contents of the book. (to read) 4. I like his parents. (to meet) 5. They may come to the party. (to return) 6. My husband isn't here. (to leave) 7. I like to wear my new jacket. (to buy) 8. We know the truth. (to tell) 9. They can tell us a lot about London. (to visit). 10. I know how to get to the village. (to be) 11. She looks lovely. (to have a rest) 12. I have no money left. (to spend) 13. She is looking for her key. (to lose) 14. My brother can’t play football. (to break)

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

Выберите предложения, при переводе которых на английский язык вы употребили бы Present Perfect Tense:

1. В этом году я много читал. 2. Я прочитал всего несколько английских книг в оригинале. 3. Я всегда любил английскую литературу. 4. Хорошо ли вы знаете литературу ХХ века? 5. Я читал почти все произведения Голсуорси, Моэма. 6. Романы Кронина я читал не только на русском языке. 7. Последний роман Грина я читаю как раз сейчас. 8. Я прочитал все романы Драйзера. 9. Я просил тебя зайти на почту вчера. 10. Ты была там? Да. 11. Когда ты ходила туда? 12. Я только что вернулась с почты. 13. Ты отослала письмо? 14. Нет еще. 15. Я купила конверты, но я еще не написала письмо. 16. Tом нашел новую работу. Он хочет пригласить друзей на вечеринку по этому поводу. 17. За доктром послали. Он звонил минуту назад. 18. Мы только что прослушали прогноз погоды на завтра. 19. Когда он прислал последнее письмо? 20 Мы не получили от него никаких вестей за последнее время.