Занятие 18

Тема: 1. Therapeutic and Surgical Diseases.

2. Итоговая контрольная работа по темам: Ambulance Doctor. First Aid Station.

Время изучения темы: 3 часа

Цели:

1. Повторение активной лексики и основных лексико-грамматических конструкций, необходимых для построения монологических и диалогических высказываний на тему Therapeutic and Surgical Diseases. 2.Проверить степень освоения активной лексики и основных лексико-грамматических конструкций, необходимых и достаточных для построения монологических и диалогических высказываний по пройденным темам.

Задачи:

1 тренировать активную лексику

2) тренировка навыков аналитического и информативного чтения, перевода, устного высказывания

3) проверить знание активной лексики занятий

4) проверка навыков устного высказывания по пройденным темам

Этапы занятия:

I. Информативное чтение.

1. Read and answer the questions for your country.

1) When you’re ill, do you go to a specialist who knows about your illness or your local doctor?

2) Are there both men and women doctors?

3) Where do you get medicine in your country?

4) Do you ever go to the doctor if you’re well?

5) Do doctors visit you at home?

6) What do you do in an emergency?

7) Do friends and relatives visit you in hospital?

8) Do you pay for medical treatment?

2. Read the advice leaflet “The nation’s health” and find the answers to the questions for Britain.

The nation’s health

In Britain, when you’re ill, you go to a doctor near your home. Doctors are men and women, and you can say who you prefer. You usually only spend about ten minutes with the doctor. They can usually say what the matter is very quickly, and often give you a prescription for some medicine. You get this at the chemist’s shop. If not, they may suggest you go to a specialist.

Most people only go to their doctor when they’re ill. People with colds and coughs don’t go to their doctor but to the chemist, to buy medicine. Doctors only come to your home when you’re very ill. In an emergency you can call an ambulance on 999. The ambulance takes you to hospital for treatment. Friends and relatives visit you in hospital at certain hours of the day, but they don’t stay there.

You don’t pay for a visit to the doctor or to the hospital in Britain, but when you work you pay a government tax for your medical care. You also pay for prescriptions if you’re over 18.

II. Текст на реферирование. (25 мин.)

Text “Indications for Operation in Case of Ulcers”

Perforation of gastric or duodenal ulcer into the free peritoneal cavity is an indication for operation.

Surgical intervention is indicated in case of severe bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract when there are no signs of portal obstruction and when the haemorrhage persists after 2.5 litres of blood transfusion.

The primary purpose of the operation is to arrest haemorrhage. But the operation should also have the purpose of healing the ulcer.

During the operation the stomach must be opened widely. The operating surgeon must make a thorough search for the bleeding point. But often the surgeon is unable to find such a point. In such a case three-fourths of the stomach must be resected.

If severe haemorrhage reoccurs in the postoperative period a repeated operation of the stomach should be carried out. In this case all the stomach except a 1 cm margin at the esophagus should be resected.

III. Перевод текста со словарем.

Text “Gallstones”

Gallstones are found in 10-15% of people. They have been discovered even in the new-born. However until the age of 15-20 their occurrence is extremely rare. After the age of 70 gallstones may be found in every third person; the incidence of the disease among women being considerably more than among men.

Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and their ducts. Their origin is due to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism that is an increased amount of cholesterol in the blood and bile. Inflammatory processes in the gallbladder and bile ducts are also responsible for the development of gallstones.

The stones may remain in the gallbladder for years without causing discomfort. In other cases the stones are responsible for the development of a serious disease named cholelithiasis, it causing the patient great sufferings and sometimes resulting in a fatal outcome.

The main symptoms of cholelithiasis are attacks of sharp pain in the right hypochondrium, they often being accompanied by vomiting, chill, and a high temperature. Jaundice may develop in cases when a gallstone occludes a large hepatic or bile duct.

During such attacks the patient is usually given a subcutaneous injection of pantopon, atropine or promedole. The patient must follow complete bed rest, hot-water bottles being constantly applied to the liver area to relieve pain.

IV. Итоговая контрольная работа по темам: Ambulance Doctor. First Aid Station.

Образец итоговой контрольной работы

Вариант

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

1. to be injured in an accident

2. emergency operation

3. contamination

4. to cause a shock

5. to close the wound in layers

6. an artificial respiration apparatus

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

1. станция скорой помощи

2. без задержки

3. внутреннее (наружное) повреждение

4. жгут

5. пострадавший

6. обрабатывать рану

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are the ambulances equipped with?

2. What is the main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor?

3. What knowledge must the ambulance doctor have?

Ответы на вопросы (итоговая контрольная работа № 2)

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

1. получить травмы при аварии

2. экстренная операция

3. заражение

4. вызвать шок

5. закрыть рану послойно

6. аппарат для искусственного дыхания

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

1. First Aid Station

2. without delay

3. internal (external) injury

4. tourniquet

5. victim

6. to cleanse the wound

3. Ответы на вопросы.

1. Many ambulances are equipped with everything necessary for giving first aid and making a diagnosis. The ambulances carry artificial respiration apparatuses, different medicines, such as painkillers, tonics and other preparations, dressings, first aid instruments, such as pincers, scalpers, syringes, and others; sets of splints and stretchers.

2. The main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor is to make a correct diagnosis quickly.

3. The ambulance doctor must have a deep knowledge of emergency surgery, toxicology, emergency therapy, obstetrics and gynaecology because he must always do his best to give the patient a proper aid on the spot.

Грамматические пояснения и ответы к упражнениям (самостоятельная работа).

Занятие 1.

I. 1) Функции Present Participle и способы его перевода

Примеры	Перевод на русский язык	Функции	Способы перевода
1. The examining teacher is in Room 15.	1. Экзаменующий преподаватель находится в 15 аудитории.	1. Определение (стоит перед определяемым словом)	1. причастием с суффиксами –ущ, -ющ, -ащ, -ящ, -вши(й)
2. The man examining a patient is our doctor.	2. Человек, осматривающий больного, - наш врач.	2. Часть определительного причастного оборота (стоит после определяемого слова)	2. причастным оборотом
3. Examining the patient the doctor listened to his heart.	3. Осматривая больного, врач прослушал ему сердце.	3. обстоятельство времени и причины	3. деепричастием с суффиксами –а, -я в деепричастном обороте
4. The doctor was standing near the patient examining him attentively.	4. Врач стоял возле больного, внимательно осматривая его.	4. обстоятельство образа действия или соответствующие обстоятельства	4. – “ -

2) Формы причастий

Participles	Indefinite	Perfect
Active	asking – спрашивающий, спрашивая	having asked – спросив
Passive	being asked – будучи спрошен, спрашиваемый	having been asked – будучи спрошен

II. ex. 4 p. 4

1) department – отделение

in-patient department; out-patient department; a therapeutic department; a surgical department; to be admitted to the in-patient department;

2) initial – начальный, первоначальный

initial symptoms; to make an initial diagnosis; to estimate the initial findings; initial observations;

3) apply – применять; прикладывать

to apply cups; to apply in practice; to apply a new method of treatment; to apply successfully;

4) prescribe – прописывать; предписывать

to prescribe the medicine for a cold; he was prescribed a light diet; haven’t you been prescribed injections? the prescribed drugs (medicine) gave favourable results;

5) indicate – указывать, показывать; обозначать

the operation was not indicated; vitamin treatment is indicated in rickets; what is indicated on a label? The patient with gastritis is indicated a light diet;

6) keep (kept, kept) – держать, хранить

drugs are kept in drug cabinet; keep your feet warm and dry not to catch a cold; to keep one’s bed;

7) poisonous – ядовитый; отравляющий, токсический

a poisonous drug; a poisonous reaction; to prevent a poisonous action; to cause a poisonous reaction;

8) cause – причинять, вызывать; причина

to cause pain; stomachache caused by the overdosage of the drug; the cause of the disease; the cause of the unfavourable reaction;

9) death – смерть

death rate; to prevent death; to cause death; death occurred on the 14^th day of hospitalization;

10) round – обход

to make one’s daily round of; a morning round; an evening round of the wards of the therapeutic department; the doctor is on his round; have you already finished the round of your wards? He has just come back from the round;

11) relieve – облегчать, ослаблять, снимать (боль)

to relieve pain; to relieve stomachache; this mixture relieves cough; breathlessness is relieved by this drug; to relieve a bad headache rapidly;

12) prevent – предотвращать; предупреждать

to prevent a heart attack; to prevent the spread of the infection; to prevent a serious complication; the inflammation was prevented by proper injections;

13) recovery – выздоравливать; восстановление

a rapid recovery; to make a good recovery; his recovery was slow; her rapid recovery is due to good care.

ex. 8 p. 5

1) вызывающее – часть причастного оборота; 2) госпитализируя – обстоятельство времени; 3) приближающая – определение; 4) ставила – образует группу Continuous.

Bсе выделенные слова являются Present Participle.

ex. 9 p. 5

A. 1) relieving cough; 2) causing serious complications; 3) making the evening round of the wards; 4) preventing the inflammation in the kidneys.

B. 1) Hospitalizing the patient doctor … 2) Making a good recovery the patient … 3) Applying cups the nurse … 4) Prescribing to a patient any remedy a physician …

ex. 10 p. 6

1) prescribed; 2) cause; 3) relieved; 4) a dose; 5) poisonous; 6) is indicated; 7) prevent; 8) apply.

ex. 3 p. 7

1) It is a doctor on duty who makes an evening round of the wards.

2) It is a nurse who applies cups to patients at the in-patient department.

3) It is a surgeon who performs operations in the hospital.

4) It is a district doctor who makes an initial diagnosis at the polyclinic.

ex. 8 p. 8

A. 1) The physician asked the patient if his parents were living.

2) The neurologist did not know if the patient had taken such a medicine before.

3) The attending doctor had to know if the patient had had such symptoms before.

B. 1) If the attending doctor gives his instructions to the nurse she must carry them out exactly.

2) This medicine will relieve the pain if you take it regularly.

3) If your condition does not become better I’ll have to hospitalize you,

ex. 9 p. 8

A. 1) What is your age? 2) What is your occupation? 3) What is your address? 4) What is your blood group? 5) What is your sensitivity to antibiotics? 6) What are your complaints? 7) What are your symptoms? 8) What are your previous diseases? 9) What are your present troubles?

B. 1) Are your parents living? 2) Has any of the members of your family ever been ill with tuberculosis? 3) Has any of your parents or members of the family had any mental or emotional impairment?

Занятие 2

Грамматические пояснения.