Accidents

Accidents can happen any time, anywhere. First aid in accidents is often crucial to life and limb. In the United States, every year now over 10,000,000 people are injured in accidents, over 100,000 killed.

Faced with an accident victim, keep cool. Go yourself or send someone else immediately to call for professional help. Call a doctor, an ambulance, or the police department.

Look first to the three “B’s” – breathing, bleeding, and broken bones.

If the victim is not breathing, give artificial respiration. Artificial respiration: any means of restoring the breathing cycle when it has been lost, as in asphyxia from drowning or bulbar polio, or as a result of poisoning, electrical shock, or other disease or accident. When indicated, it should be pursued consistently – for hours if necessary – 12 to 15 times a minute. It can be done by machine – resuscitator or pulmotor or – preferably – by mouth-to-mouth breathing (resuscitation). In infants and children mouth-to-nose-and-mouth breathing may be tried.

The rate is 12 to 15 inhalations and exhalations per minute in adults; slightly higher in children.

If he has no pulse, which is to say that his heart is not beating, use CPR. CPR – cardiopulmonary resuscitation; that is, a technique for restoring lung and heart function – breathing and circulation of the blood – in people who have lost them through heart attacks or other accidents.

If the victim is not breathing, give artificial respiration.

If he has no pulse, which is to say that his heart is not beating, use CPR.

If he is bleeding, stop it with pressure. Most bleeding can be stopped by simple direct pressure continued on the bleeding are until the blood stops. This pressure is preferably applied by a sterile gauze bandage (pressure bandage), padded, as thickly as necessary to soak up the blood. In an emergency pressure may be exerted directly with the fingers or the whole hand. Elevating the bleeding part also helps. An antiseptic, such as iodine, may be applied to the area after bleeding stops.

Look carefully for broken bones. Fractures must be put in splints before the patient is moved.

Handle the victim gently at all times. Don’t move him, or let him move. Don’t pull at him or try to get him to sit up or stand up. Don’t give an unconscious patient anything to drink.

Keep the victim quiet, warm, and as comfortable as possible to minimize shock. Loosen tight clothing, especially the collar and belt.

Cover burns and wounds as soon as possible with sterile gauze.

If the victim vomits, turn his head to one side so vomit will not go into his lungs.

Remove victim from gas poisoning to fresh air.

VI. Итоговая контрольная работа по темам: Surgery. Surgical Diseases. Operation.

Образец итоговой контрольной работы

Вариант

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

1. to bandage tightly

2. to remove the appendix

3. to dress smb’s wound

4. to take out a gauze drain

5. under the guidance of

6. to be dangerous for a patient

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

1. венозное (артериальное) кровотечение

2. сломанная кость

3. выздоравливающий

4. стерильная повязка

5. полостная операция

6. обильное кровотечение

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What complication may be caused by acute appendicitis?

2. How are the fractured bones of the extremities treated?

3. What is administered in case of a severe profuse abdominal bleeding caused by stomach ulcer?

Ответы на вопросы (итоговая контрольная работа № 2)

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

1. туго перевязать

2. удалить аппендикс

3. перевязать рану

4. удалить тампон

5. под руководством

6. быть опасным для больного

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

1. venous (arterial) bleeding

2. a fractured (broken) bone

3. convalescent

4. sterile dressing

5. an abdominal operation

6. profuse bleeding

3. Ответы на вопросы.

1. In some cases of acute appendicitis gangrenous and perforating forms complicated by peritonitis may be observed.

2. The fractured bones of the extremities are set and put in plaster of Paris for immobilization.

3. In case of a severe profuse abdominal bleeding caused by stomach ulcer an urgent operation is administered.