Тема раздела: Surgical Department. Surgical Diseases. Operation.

Время изучения тем раздела: 12ч

Занятие 10

Тема: 1. Surgical Department.

2. Итоговая контрольная работа по темам: Therapeutic Diseases. Respiratory Diseases. Cardiovascular Diseases.

Время изучения темы: 3 часа

Цель: 1. Ознакомить студентов с активной лексикой и основными лексико-грамматическими конструкциями, необходимыми и достаточными для построения монологических и диалогических высказываний на тему Surgical Department. 2. Проверить степень освоения активной лексики и основных лексико-грамматических конструкций, необходимых и достаточных для построения монологических и диалогических высказываний по пройденным темам.

Задачи:

1) ввести и тренировать активную лексику

2) тренировка навыков аналитического и информативного чтения, перевода, устного высказывания

3) проверить знание активной лексики занятий

4) проверка навыков устного высказывания по пройденным темам

Этапы занятия:

I. Информативное чтение.

Blood Test:

any laboratory test performed with a blood sample. Such tests are made to detect many different diseases – for example, typhoid fever, and syphilis.

Such tests are required by most states before a marriage license can be issued. Actually, these tests are more properly called serologic tests, because only the blood serum is used. They are complicated laboratory tests, depending on the presence of antibodies in the blood serum.

Most of these blood tests are named after the men who worked them out. Best known is the Wassermann test; others include Kahn, Kline, Hinton, and Eagle flocculation tests. The outcome of these laboratory tests is usually reported as “negative”, meaning no syphilis; “doubtful”, in which case the test will have to be repeated; or “positive”, indicating presence of the disease. A four-plus (4+) reading merely means a completely positive laboratory reaction; it does not indicate the clinical severity of the syphilitic infection.

In the presence of certain other diseases, false positives sometimes occur. Hence all positive tests should be repeated. With the effective modern treatment now available, blood tests should be taken by anyone who fears he may have contracted syphilis.

The term “blood test” is also used to indicate blood group typing done in court cases of disputed paternity. Since blood type is a hereditary characteristic, blood-group studies can definitely rule out a specific man as the father of a particular child; but they cannot tell who the father is.

II. Аналитическое чтение. Step Six

1. Лексические упражнения стр. 130-132 (15 мин.)

2. Text “How work is carried on at the surgical department”. (25 мин.)

III. Перевод текста со словарем.

Collagen Diseases

Collagen diseases are those involving the connective tissues of the body. Collagen itself is the principal substance in these tissues. It is an albumin like protein, which, when boiled, turns into gelatin or glue. Collagens are found in the skin, blood vessels, bones, tendons, cartilages, and other connective tissues. They are the part of elastic tissue that gives it strength and the ability to support other tissues.

The idea of collagen diseases is comparatively new, dating only from about 1950. The common and four rare diseases are now commonly grouped together as collagen diseases. They are rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis (there are many other kinds of arthritis), periarteritis nodosa, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis.

In rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis the chief sites of involvement are the joints, heart, serous membranes lining body cavities, and subcutaneous tissue just under the skin. The changes that occur in the collagen fractions of these tissues produce a great variety of symptoms. Among them are pain in the joints, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, lack of appetite, and fever. These symptoms are common in the other collagen diseases, except scleroderma.

Periarteritis nodosa is the rare disease in which collagen changes occur in the small blood vessels, arteries, and arterioles. This disease appears most commonly in men between 20 and 40. Only about 500 cases have ever been reported.

Lupus erythematosus is the rare collagen disease that may involve the heart, kidneys, spleen, and serous membranes of body cavities, It occurs chiefly in females from 15 to 40. It is a chronic, progressive, usually fatal disorder. A butterfly-shaped inflammation over the nose is a common symptom.

Scleroderma means hardening of the skin. In this rare collagen disease, which principally afflicts women between 30 and 50 and which comes on insidiously, patches of the skin become swollen and then gradually harden. The skin loses its colour, may become mottled, and tightens up to give a hidebound appearance. While scarring and hardening of the skin is the principle manifestation of this disease, other tissues may also be affected, notably the heart, intestinal tract, and tissues under the top layers of skin.

Dermatomyositis is a serous, common, and frequently fatal collagen disorder in which skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscles are involved in inflammation, degeneration, and wasting away. Symptoms depend on what organs and muscles are involved, which may include eyes, throat, diaphragm, and rib muscles. Hence difficulties in vision, breathing, and swallowing may appear. Weight loss and weakness are also common. This condition afflicts both males and females from about 10 to 50 years of age.

What is the treatment for collagen diseases? The research that led to the grouping of these diseases has also brought hope of improved treatment. Very significant is the fact that all of them respond, at least temporarily, to cortisone and ACTH. But this is not the sole method of treating these diseases. Aspirin-like drugs, salicylates, are frequently given to relieve pain. In rheumatic fever a program of preventing future infection of the upper respiratory tract with hemolytic streptococci is indicated.

IV. Итоговая контрольная работа по темам: Therapeutic Diseases. Respiratory Diseases. Cardiovascular Diseases.

Образец итоговой контрольной работы

Вариант

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

1. the occlusion of the arteries and veins

2. to palpate the spleen

3. the liver was considerably enlarged

4. purulent inflammation

5. to reduce the temperature

6. his health has considerably increased

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

1. признаки крепитации в легких

2. определить область притупления

3. выявить затемнение рентгенологическим обследованием

4. частота пульса учащается

5. снизить артериальное давление

6. сопровождать дежурного врача

3. Замените инфинитивы, данные в скобках, герундием.

1. After the recovery the patient stopped (to lose) his weight.

2. You must avoid (to catch) a cold as you have just been ill with pneumonia.

3. What has prevented you from (to attend) this lecture?

4. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the X-ray examination reveal in case of lobular pneumonia?

2. What treatment would you administer a patient with rheumatic endocarditis?

3. How can pneumonia be prevented?

Ответы на вопросы (итоговая контрольная работа № 2)

1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

1. закупорка артерий и вен

2. пропальпировать селезенку

3. печень была значительно увеличена

4. гнойное воспаление

5. понизить температуру

6. его здоровье значительно улучшилось

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык.

1. the signs of crepitation in the lungs

2. to determine the area of dullness

3. to reveal a shadow by the X-ray examination

4. the pulse rate accelerates

5. to reduce the blood pressure

6. to accompany the doctor on duty

3. Замените инфинитивы, данные в скобках, герундием.

1. stopped losing

2. avoid catching

3. prevented you from attending

4. Ответы на вопросы.

1. The X-ray examination of the lungs reveals numerous foci of inflammation of various size, irregular form and different intensity.

2. A patient with rheumatic endocarditis is administered antibiotic therapy to eliminate the primary focus of infection. The patient takes aspirin in the dosage of 1 g four times a day.

3. Pneumonia is usually follows neglected cold, so you have to avoid catching cold.