Program Structure The Use of Grammar Tenses

*Task I. Learn the new vocabulary:

step - крок, совокупність дій, засобів.

flowchart – блок-схема.

logic flow – логічна послідовність.

statement – твердження.

module – модуль, одиниця виміру.

stage – етап, стадiя

landing – приземлення.

power – силовий, потужний; енергія.

a great many – величезна кількість.

general – головний, звичайний.

to translate – тлумачити, пояснювати.

to find – виявляти.

to check – перевіряти.

to handle – регулювати, здійснювати, контролювати.

to leave out – залишати зовні.

self-contained – автономний.

to perform – виконувати, здійснювати.

to accomplish –

to provide – забезпечувати.

to break – переривати, розбивати.

to refer – посилатися..

to include – включати.

Task II. Read the word-combinations and translate into Ukrainian:

Flowchart; logical flow; complex programs; engineering education; specific task;

input module; waste-disposal module; programming stages; “top-down” structure;

modular design; a great many branches; a great many steps; planning and programming stages

*Task III. Match the word-combinations in English and Ukrainian:

1) To become more complex. а) створити модуль.

2) Very hard to check the flowchart. б) розбити складну програму на частки.

3) To make up a module. в) зробити програмування більш ефективним.

4) To break a complex program into parts. г) перевірити блок-схему дуже важко.

5) To make programming more efficient. д) позбавлятися непотрібної інформації.

6) To get rid of garbage. е) ставати більш складним.

Task IV.Translate the sentences, paying attention to the use of Passive Voice.

1. The word module is used in the space program to refer to a part of spaceship that performs a specific task.

2. In a computer program a specific programming task is performed by a self-contained part of the program which is called module.

3. A program that is divided into modules in the planning and programming stages has a modular design.

4. A modular program is said to have a top-down structure because when you plan it, you start at the “top” with the most general module and work your way “down” to include all the modules that make up that module.

5. A complex program is broken into parts to make programming more efficient and easier.

**Task V .Define the verb Tenses.

1. I know, you write your own programs.

2. He usually plans the logical flow of his programs.

3. We wrote a new interesting program.

4. They have just written a flowchart.

5. I am writing a new program the whole evening.

6. You have been writing flowcharts for two month.

**Task VI. Read and translate the text.

Program Structure

You've been writing flowcharts before you write your programs. This helps ensure that you get all the steps into your program and get them in the right order. Remember that in writing a flow­chart you plan the logical flow of your program. Once the flowchart is written, you can translate it into a program by writing one or more statements for each step in the flowchart.

However, when you begin to plan more complex programs, you'll find that the flowcharts also become more complex. When you have a great many steps and a great many branches, you simply can't find a place for all of them on the flowchart. This makes it very hard to check the flowchart you've written to be sure that you haven't left anything out. To handle more complex programs, you need another way of planning them.

Modular Design

In engineering, education, programming, and other fields, a module is a self-contained unit that performs one specific task, which is needed to accomplish a larger task. For example, the word module is used in the space program to refer to a part of a spaceship that performs a specific task.

In a computer program, a module is a self-contained part of the program that performs a specific programming task. For example, a program might have an input module and a print module. A program that is divided into modules in the planning and programming stages has a modular design.

A modular program is said to have a top-down structure because when you plan it, you start at the "top" with the most general module and work your way "down" to include all the modules that make up that module. This allows you to break a complex program into parts to make programming more efficient and easier.

*Task VII. Say these words-combinations in English:

Планувати більш складні програми, у правильному порядку, писати блок-схему, логічна послідовність програми, у багатьох галузях, автономний пристрій, перевірити блок-схему, модуль вводу, виконувати завдання, структура з верху до низу, розбивати складну програму на частини, робити програмування більш ефективним.

**Task VIII. Answer the questions on the text:

1. What are flowcharts written for?

2. Why is it very hard to check the flowchart in complex programs?

3. What is a module in engineering, programming and other branches?

4. What does a module mean in a computer program?

5. Which kind of program has a modular design?

6. What is the structure of a modular program?

Task IX. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Modal Verbs with the Perfect Infinitive.

1This program ought to have created two years ago.

2. His attempts to change the flowchart of the program may not always have been successful.

3. Our network should have suffered from viruses.

4 . A generation ago it may have seemed impossible to communicate over net.

5. We must have been planned the logic flow of our program more carefully.

6. Something must have happened to our computer; it is out of repair.

7. Absolute accuracy cannot be expected with this kind of equipment you should computer program

8. You should have checked the program more carefully considering its importance.

9. The new device must have been broken by acci­dent.

10- The program may have been improved, because it became more accurate.