6.4 Controller Proficiency

Exercise 6.4.1 Read and translate the text.

ATC requires the performance of many different tasks using the same information or different selections from the information presented. When displays, controls and workspaces are specified, it is therefore important that they be suitable for the whole range of tasks for which they will be employed, and not merely for some of them. As a consequence, they may not be optimum for any, single function but must be efficient and safe for every function. Otherwise certain functions in the operational system may be very inefficient or impossible. For example, any visual coding such as colour is likely to tasks with which it is directly compatible but hinder tasks which require the collation of information portrayed in different colours. A balance has to be struck across the various tasks, to choose codlings that help as many tasks as possible and do not seriously interfere with any task.

The controller must be able to plan the air the air traffic control, implement the plans, make decisions, solve problems and formulate predictions. To perform the essential control tasks, the controller must understand the portrayed information, whatever form it takes. The controller must remember what forms of assistance are available and know when it is appropriate to call on each. The controller must know the right course of action in all circumstances. Human Factors addresses the thinking processes that the controller must follow and the effects of equipment changes on them. If necessary, equipment or procedures must be modified to ensure that these thinking processes do not change too much or too quickly. Whenever these thinking processes must change, appropriate controller retraining is essential. This often involves revised liveware-software links.

The controller must be able to understand and assign priorities to the relevant information, to plan ahead, to make timely and appropriate decisions, to implement them and to ensure compliance with them.

The proficient controller needs to know and understand:

• how ATC is conducted;

• the meaning of all presented information;

• the tasks to be accomplished;

• the applicable rules, procedures and instruction;

• the forms and methods of communication within the system;

• how and when to use each tool provided within the workspace;

• Human Factors considerations applicable to ATC;

• the ways in which responsibility for an aircraft is accepted and handed over from one controller to the next;

• the ways in which the work of various controllers harmonizes so that they rather than impede each other;

• what changes or signs could denote system degradations or failures;

• aircraft performance characteristics and preferred maneuvering;

• other influences on flight and routes, such as weather, restricted airspace, noise abatement, etc.

Exercise 6.4.2 Answer the question.

1. Does ATC perform the same tasks? If not why?

2. Which tools are suitable for the whole range of tasks?

3. What is a balance of solving various tasks included in?

4. What must the controller be able to do?

5. When must the controller know the right course of action?

6. How must equipment or procedures be modified?

7. When is appropriate controller retraining essential?

8. Is it necessary for the controller to make timely and appropriate decisions?

9. What must the proficient controller know and understand?

10. Does the controller have to plan ahead?

Exercise 6.4.3 Write T if the sentence is true and F if the sentence is false.

1. ATC requires the performance of many different tasks using the different information.

2. Any visual coding doesn’t hinder tasks which require the collation of information portrayed in different colours.

3. The controller must be able to plan the air traffic control, implement the plans, make decisions, etc.

4. To perform the essential control tasks, the controller must understand the portrayed information.

5. The controller must know the right course of action in certain circumstances.

6. Human Factors addresses the working processes that the controller must follow.

7. Whenever the thinking processes must change, appropriate controller retraining is not essential.

8. The controller must be able to make timely and appropriate decisions.

9. It isn’t necessary for the controller to know aircraft performance characteristics.

10. The proficient controller needs to know influences on flight and routes.

Exercise 6.4.4 Give the English equivalents for the following.

Разнообразные задачи; весь диапазон; в результате; каждая функция; в противном случае; рабочая система; любое визуальное кодирование; отображаемый; компромисс; препятствовать; должен уметь; готовить прогнозы; по мере возможности; важные задачи; освещение; соответствующий; выполнять и обеспечивать; опытный диспетчер; осуществлять; выполнять; рабочее пространство; ухудшение; схемы выполнения маневров.

Exercise 6.4.5 Find in the text synonyms for the following words and word combinations.

Compass; not only; as a result; differently; confrontation; reflected; prognosis; implement; important; suitable; connect; review; experienced; received information; Human Factors; different controllers; deteriorations; .prevent

Exercise 6.4.6 State what part of speech the following words belong to.

1. using

1. verb b) adjective c) participle d) noun

2. therefore

1. pronoun b) conjunction c) noun d) adverb

3. impossible

1. adjective b) noun c) verb d) adverb

4. interfere

1. noun b) pronoun c) verb d) adverb

5. compliance

1. verb b) adjective c) participle d) noun

6. applicable

1. verb b) adverb c) adjective d) preposition

7. impede

1. noun b) verb c) adjective d) adverb

8. restricted

1. adverb b) verb c) adjective d) participle

9. noise

1. noun b) verb c) adjective d) adverb

10. within

1. adverb b) adjective c) proposition d) noun

Exercise 6.4.7 Match the words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.

A	B
1. proficiency	a. задачи, подлежащие выполнению
2. different selections	b. готовить прогнозы
3. whole range of tasks	c. другие факторы, влияющие на полет и маршруты полетов
4. not merely for some of them	d. различные выборки
5. As a consequence	e. позволяющий решать разнообразные задачи
6. any single function	f. слишком резко и существенно
7. otherwise	g. весь диапазон решаемых задач
8. to assist tasks	h. максимально возможное число задач
9. to hinder tasks	i. соответствующая информация
10. the collation of information	j. в результате
11. has to be struck across the various tasks	k. отображаемая на приборах информация
12. as many tasks as possible	l. в противном случае
13. formulate predictions	m. не только некоторые из них
14. the portrayed information	n. соответствующая переподготовка диспетчера
15. the effects of equipment changes	o. способствовать решению некоторых задач
16. too much and too quickly	p. пересмотр взаимодействия “человек-процедуры”
17. appropriate controller retraining	q. препятствовать выполнению решения задач
18. revised liveware software links	r. каждая функция
19. relevant information	s. внесение изменений в оборудовании
20. the tasks to be accomplished	t. сопоставление информации
21 other influences on flight and routes.	u. умение, опыт

Exercise 6.4.8 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the ones given in brackets.

1. ATC requires the performance of many ________ (various, different, diverse) tasks.

2. When displays, controls and workspaces are specified, it is therefore ______ (important, significant, grand) that they be suitable for the whole range of tasks.

3. _______ (or, in some way or other, otherwise) certain functions in the operational system may be very inefficient or impossible.

4. A _______ (compromise, balance, concession) has to be struck across the various tasks.

5. The controller must be able to plan the air traffic control, _______ (realize, accomplish, implement) plans, formulate _______ (predictions, prognoses, forecast).

6. Whenever these thinking processes must change, _______ (corresponding, proper, appropriate) controller retraining is _______ (essential, important, necessary).

7. This often ______ (involve, connect, associate) revised liveware - software links.

8. The controller must be able to understand and _______ (determine, assign, define) priorities to the relevant information.

9. The _______ (proficient, experienced, highlyskilled) controller needs to know and understand how ATC conducted.

10. The controller needs to know and understand Human Factors considerations ______ (applicable, conformably, in conformity with) to ATC.

11. The controller needs to know and understand the forms and methods of communication _______ (within, in, at) system.

12. The proficient controller needs to know and understand what changes or signs could ________ (mean, signify, denote) system degradations or failures.

Exercise 6.4.9 Fill in the gaps with the related words.

1. ATC requires the _______ (PERFORM) of many tasks.

2. Otherwise certain functions in the _______ (OPERATE) system may be very inefficient and impossible.

3. The controller must be able to plan the air traffic control, implement the plans, make ________ (DECIDE), solve problems and formulate _____ (PREDICT).

4. To perform the essential control tasks, the controller must understand the ______ (PORTRAY) information.

5. Human Factors addresses the ______ (THINK) processes that the controller must follow.

6. If necessary, _______ (EQUIP) or procedures must be modified to ensure that these thinking processes do not change too much or too _______ (QUICK).

7. The controller must be able to make _______ (TIME) and appropriate decisions, to implement them and to ensure ______ (COMPLY) with them.

8. The proficient controller needs to know and understand the _______ (MEAN) of all ________ (PRESENT) information.

9. The proficient controller needs to know and understand Human Factors considerations _______ (APPLY) to ATC.

10. The proficient controller needs to know and understand the ways in which ______ (RESPONSE) for an aircraft is accepted and handed over from one ______ (CONTROL) to the next.

11. The proficient controller needs to know and understand influences on _____ (FLY) and routes, such as weather, ______ (RESTRICT) airspace, etc.

Exercise 6.4.10 Fill in the prepositions if necessary.

1. ATC requires the performance ______ many different tasks using the same information or different selections ______ the information presented.

2. A balance has to choose codings that help as many tasks as possible do not seriously interfere ______ any task.

3. To perform the essential control tasks, the controller must understand ______ the portrayed information.

4. The controller must know the right course ______ action _______ all circumstances.

5. Human Factor addresses the thinking processes that the controller must follow and the effects ______ equipment changes ______ them.

6. The proficient controller needs to know and understand how and when to use each tool provided ______ the workspace.

7. The controller must know Human Factors considerations applicable ___ ATC.

8. The controller needs to know and understand which changes or signs could denote _____ system degradations or failures.

9. The controller needs to know and understand other influences _____ flight and routes.

10. The controller needs to know and understand the ways in which responsibility ______ an aircraft is accepted and handed over ______ one controller ______ the next.

Exercise 6.4.11 Make up sentences using the given words.

1. the/ tasks/ ATC/ many/ performance/ of/ different/ requires.

2. in/ maybe/ functions/ or/ inefficient/ the/ Otherwise/ impossible/ system/ certain/ very /operational

3. Any/ to/ colour/ coding/ is/ tasks/ visual/ assist/ likely/ as/ such.

4. to/ as/ choose/ balance/ tasks/ as/ has/ codings/ many /that/ possible/ help.

5. the/ air/ must/ controller/ traffic/ The/ be able/ control/ plan/ to.

6. problems/ The/ and/ controller/ predictions/ be able/ solve/ must/ formulate/ to.

7. The/ course/ in/ must/ action/ circumstances/ controller/ know/ all/ the /of/ right.

8. thing/ appropriate/ in/ the/essential/ When/ processes/ controller/ must/ retraining/ change.

9. The/ to/ timely/ controller/ be able/ make/ must/ decisions.

10. applicable / understand/ and/ instructions/ The / rules,/ controller/ procedures,/ to/ and/ know/ the/ needs/ proficient.

11. controller/ the/ must/ within/ forms/ The / know/ and/ communication/ of/ methods/ system.

12. aircraft/ and/ must/ controller/ characteristics/ manoenvring/ The/ know/ performance/ preferred.

Exercise 6.4.12 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. В процессе УВД диспетчер должен выполнять много разнообразных задач.

2. Важно определиться, обеспечивают ли типы органов управления выполнение всего диапазона решаемых задач.

3. Некоторые функции в рабочей системе могут осуществляется неэффективно.

4. Любое возможное кодирование может препятствовать выполнению решения задач, когда нужно сопоставлять информацию, отображаемую в различных цветах.

5. Диспетчер должен уметь планировать процесс УВД, осуществлять планы, принимать решения, решать проблемы и готовить прогнозы.

6. Диспетчер должен знать, какую помощь он может получить и когда целесообразно прибегать к ней.

7. В любых обстоятельствах диспетчер должен знать, как правильно действовать.

8. Когда процессы мышления должны претерпеть изменения, большое значение приобретает соответствующая переподготовка диспетчера.

9. Опытный диспетчер должен знать и понимать задачи, подлежащие выполнению.

10. Опытный диспетчер должен знать и понимать методы приема и передачи ответственности за управление каким либо ВС от одного диспетчера к другому.

11. Опытный диспетчер должен знать и понимать какие изменения или признаки свидетельствуют об ухудшении характеристик работы.

12. Опытный диспетчер должен знать и понимать летно-технические характеристики ВС и предпочтительные схемы выполнения маневров.

13. Опытный диспетчер должен знать и понимать другие факторы, влияющие на полет и маршруты полетов, к примеру, условия погоды, ограничения полетов в воздушном пространстве, ограничения по шуму и т.д.

Exercise 6.4.13 Make up your own sentences using the words and word combinations.

Controller; must; ATC; control; performance; decision; essential; appropriate; aircraft; information; understand; implement; ensure; safety; flight; responsibility; change; aircraft; instruction; weather; communication.

Exercise 6.4.14 Retell the text.