1.2.Eurocontrol

Exercise 1.2.1 Read and translate the text.

EUROCONTROL is the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation. This civil and military Organization which currently numbers 34 Member States, has as its primary objective the development of a seamless, pan-European Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. The achievement of this objective is a key element to the present and future challenges facing the aviation community, which are to cope with the forecast growth in the air traffic, while maintaining a high level of safety, reducing costs, and respecting the environment.

EUROCONTROL develops, coordinates and plans for implication of short-, medium-, and long-term pan-European air traffic management strategies and their associated action in a collective effort involving national authorities, air navigation service providers, civil and military airspace users, airports industry, professional organizations and relevant European institutions.

EUROCONTROL’s core activities span entire range of gate-to-gate air navigation service operations – from strategic and tactical flow management to controller training; from regional control of airspace to development of leading-edge, safety-proofed technologies and procedures, and the collection of air navigation changes.

The Single European Sky

The Origins. The idea of a single sky for Europe is one of long-standing. Indeed, EUROCONTROL was created in 1960 for the express purpose of creating a single upper airspace by its six founding member states. This purpose was only partially fulfilled at the time – but the idea remained a tenacious one.

The growth of traffic is set to continue. EUROCONTROL expects that today’s traffic will have doubled by 2020. Current systems, with ongoing improvements, should be able to handle this increased load until the middle of the next decade. After that, more radical measures are called for in order to avoid serious congestion.

The Single European Sky (SES) initiative is confidently expected to lay the foundations of a unified system which will be able to cater for the anticipated growth.

A Single Market, A Single Currency, A Single Sky? Europe eliminated frontiers on the ground with the 1985 single European market. It dismantled economic frontiers with the 1990 economic and monetary union. It is a view widely held that borders in the sky should not exist.

In spite of much effort to modernize and streamline it, Europe’s air traffic management system remains safe but fair costly. It is also hampered by heterogeneous working practices and constrained by air route networks which, in the main, are based on national borders and not air traffic flows.

The Single European Sky initiative puts forward a legislative approach to solving the issues that currently affect air transport as well as enabling ATM to cope with future demands.

Unified Air Traffic Management

The Single European Sky launched by the European Commission was drafted with the following objectives:

- to restructure European airspace as a function of air traffic flows, rather than according to national borders;

- to create additional capacity; and

- to increase the overall efficiency of the traffic management system.

The European Commission’s ATM legislative package of four regulations covers the essential regulatory elements to be developed in order to achieve a seamless European Air Traffic Management System. They are:

1. A Framework for the Creation of the Single Sky.

2. The Provision of Air Navigation Services.

3. The Organization and Use of Airspace.

4. The Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management Network.

EUROCONTROL has considerable expertise and experience which will be applied to help make the Single European Sky become reality.

Exercise 1.2.2 Answer the questions.

1. What is EUROCONTROL?

2. How many Member States are there in EUROCONTROL?

3. What is its primary objective?

4. What does EUROCONTROL do for implementation of pan-European air traffic management strategies?

5. What are EUROCONTROL’s core activities?

6. When was EUROCONTROL created?

7. What was the purpose of creating a single sky?

8. What about the growth of traffic?

9. What is the Single European Sky initiative?

10. Why did Europe eliminate frontiers on the ground with the 1985 single European market?

11. Does Europe’s air traffic management system remain safe?

12. What approach does the Single European Sky initiative put forward?

13. What is Unified Air Traffic Management?

14. What are the four regulations of the European Commission’s ATM legislative package?

Exercise 1.2.3 What do the following abbreviations stand for.

ATM; SES.

Exercise 1.2.4 Write T if the sentence is true and F if the sentence is false.

1. ______ EUROCONTROL is the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation.

2. ______ This civil and military organization which currently numbers 34 member states.

3. ______ The primary objective is the development of a seamless, pan-European Air Traffic Management system.

4. ______ Aviation community leave to cope with the forecast growth in air traffic.

5. ______ EUROCONTROL aims to develop a seamless ATM system for the entire European continent.

6. ______ EUROCONTROL is not interested in the development, coordination and planning for implementation of pan-European air traffic management strategies.

7. _______ The idea of a single sky for Europe is one of short-standing.

8. _______ EUROCONTROL was created in 1980.

9. _______ The growth of traffic is set to continue.

10. ______ EUROCONTROL does not expect that today’s traffic will have doubled by 2020.

11. ______ The Single European Sky initiative is confidently expected to lay the foundations of a unified system which will be able to cater for the anticipated growth.

12. _____ Europe’s air traffic management system remains safe and very cheap.

13. _____ The Single European Sky initiative puts forward a legislative approach to solving the issues.

14. ______ The European Commission was launched by the Single European Sky.

15. ______ EUROCONTROL has considerable expertise and experience which will be applied to help make the Single European Sky become reality.

Exercise 1.2.5 Give the English equivalents for the following.

Евроконтроль; Европейская организация; безопасность воздушной навигации; гражданская / военная организация; насчитывать; главная, основная задача; развитие единого общеевропейского потока воздушным движением; достижение цели; ключевой элемент; авиационное сообщество; справляться с; прогнозируемый рост воздушного движения; поддерживания высокого уровня безопасности; сокращение затрат; развивать, координировать и планировать; государства-члены; совместные действия; гражданские и военные пользователи воздушного пространства; профессиональные организации; единое европейское небо; выразить цель; верхнее воздушное пространство; частично; удвоить что-то; более радикальные меры; избежать серьезное скопление бортов; единый рынок; единая валюта; единое небо; единый европейский рынок; экономические границы; денежно-кредитный союз; границы в небе не должны существовать; несмотря на; оставаться безопасным; препятствовать; воздушные маршрутные сети; в основном; национальные границы; потоки воздушного движения; инициатива; выдвигать; решать вопросы; воздушный транспорт; требования; в соответствии с, реструктуризация воздушного пространства; создать дополнительную пропускную способность; эффективность системы; законодательный пакет правил; основные элементы; для того, чтобы; способность взаимодействия; значительный; квалификация и опыт; сфера деятельности, область; применять; действительная реальность.

Exercise 1.2.6 Find in the text synonyms for the following words and word combinations.

Main; goal; aim, purpose; continuous; the main, general, head element; the forecast increase; to deal with; taking care of environment; the whole range; in the s…. of; was founder; to form; was done not in full; a strong idea; two times more; significant measures; to detour serious quantity of traffic; money system; a look; to develop; requests; needs; a legislative method; to solve the problem.

Exercise 1.2.7 State what part of speech the following words belong to.

1. Eurocontrol

a) preposition b) article c) verb d) noun

2. which

a) verb b) conjunction c) pronoun d) participle

3. objective

a) adjective b) adverb c) noun d) gerund

4. exist

a) adverb b) verb c) noun d) participle

5. in spite of

a) adjective b) noun c) adverb d) -

6. for

a) noun b) pronoun c) adverb d) preposition

7. only

a) adjective b) adverb c) article d) noun

8. but

a) verb b) conjunction c) article d) adverb

Exercise 1.2.8 Match the words and word combinations in column A with those in column B.

a)

A	B
1. capacity	а. авиационное сообщество
2. Pan-European	в. прогнозированный рост
3. key element	с. единый, непрерывный
4. aviation community	d. уровень безопасности
5. primary objectives	e. справляться (с)
6. forecast growth	f. пропускная способность
7. seamless	g. общеевропейский
8. level of safety	h. скопление
9. to cope (with)	i. первичные цели
10. congestion	j. ключевой элемент

b)

A	B
1. essential element	a. поток воздушного движения
2. use of airspace	b. быть удвоенным
3. in spite of	c. частично
4. to achieve	d. пользователи воздушного пространства
5. to be doubled	e. крепкий, стойкий
6. air traffic flows	f. сталкиваться с…
7. airspace users	g. несмотря на
8. tenacious	h. достичь
9. to face	i. использование воздушного пространства
10. partially	j. основной элемент

Exercise 1.2.9 Fill in the gaps with the words from the text choosing from the ones given in brackets.

1. EUROCONTROL is a civil and military Organization which currently ________ (has, numbers, equals) 34 member States.

2. Its _________ (first, initial, primary) objective is the development of a seamless, pan-European Air Traffic Management system.

3. The achievement of this _________ (aim, goal, objective) is a _________ (main, sky, general) element.

4. Maintaining a high level of safety, ________ (lowering, decreasing, reducing) costs, __________ (enlarge, growth, increase) in air traffic and other problems are facing the aviation community.

5. EUROCONTROL develops, coordinates and plans for __________ (installation, development, implementation) of short-, medium-, and long-term pan-European air traffic management strategies.

6. EUROCONTROL’s ___________ (main, essential, core) activities span different fields.

7. The idea of a ___________ (sole, single, unique) sky for Europe is one of long-standing.

8. The growth of traffic is set to _________ (go on, last, continue).

9. More _________ (advanced, modern, radical) measures are called for in order to avoid serious congestion.

10. The Single European Sky initiative is __________ (confidently, steadily, assurantly) expected to lay the foundations of a unified system which will be able to __________ (deal with, cope with, cater for) the anticipated growth.

11. _________ (Nevetheless, In spite of, Although) much effort to modernize economic and monetary union, Europe’s air traffic management system remains safe but fairly costly.

12. The Single European Sky initiative puts forward a legislative approach to solving the _________ (problems, ideas, issues) that currently ________ (influence, touch, affect) air transport.

13. EUROCONTROL has __________ (significant, pertinent, considerable) expertise and experience in many different fields of activities.

Exercise 1.2.10 Fill in the gaps with the related words.

1. EUROCONTROL is the European Organization ____ the Safety ____ Air Navigation.

2. The achievement of EUROCONTROL’s objectives is a sky element _______ the present and future challenges.

3. The aviation community have to cope ____ the forecast growth of traffic and other problems.

4. The idea _____ a single sky ____ Europe is one ____ long-standing.

5. EUROCONTROL expects that today’s traffic will have doubled ____ 2020.

6. The SES is confidently expected to lay the foundations _____ a unified system which will be able to cater _____ the anticipated growth.

7. It is a view widely held that borders ______ the sky should not exist.

8. _____ spite _____ much effort to modernize and streamline the issue, Europe’s Air Traffic Management system remains safe _____ fairly costly.

9. The SES initiative puts forward a legislative approach to solving the issues that currently affect air transport ______ well _____ ATM to cope _____ future demands.

10. The SES launched ______ the European Commission was drafted _____ the different essential objectives.

Exercise 1.2.11 Fill in the prepositions if necessary.

1. EUROCONTROL is the ___________ (EUROPE) Organization for the _________ (SAFE) of Air Navigation.

2. Its primary objective is the ____________ (DEVELOP) of a seamless, pan-European ATM system.

3. The ___________ (ACHIEVE) of this objective is a key element to the present and future challenges.

4. _____________ (MAINTAIN) a high level of safety, ___________ (REDUCE) costs, ____________ (RESPECT) the environment and other objectives are facing the aviation community.

5. Europe’s air traffic __________ (MANAGE) system remains safe.

6. The Single European Sky initiative puts forward a legislative approach to __________ (SOLVE) the issues.

7. EUROCONTROL has considerable expertise and experience which will be ________ (APPLY) to help make the Single European Sky become reality.

Exercise 1.2.12 Make up sentences using the given words.

1. EUROCONTROL / Organization / the / the / is / air / of / for / navigation / European / safety.

2. There / member / 34 / are / states / this / organization / in.

3. Was / EUROCONTROL / in / created / 1960.

4. High / is / of / safety / one / of / primary / the level / objectives.

5. Europe’s / management / remains / traffic / system / air / safe.

6. The / Sky / has / Single / become / European / reality.

Exercise 1.2.13 Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Евроконтроль - это Европейская организация для безопасности воздушной навигации.

2. Эта гражданская военная организация насчитывает 34 члена.

3. Первичная задача Евроконтроля - развитие единой, непрерывной, общеевропейской системы управления воздушным пространством и воздушным движением.

4. Достижение этой цели является ключевым элементом и задачей для развития авиации.

5. Авиационное сообщество сталкивается с различными проблемами, которые необходимо решать.

6. Прогнозируемый рост (увеличение) воздушного движения, сохраняя высокий уровень безопасности, уменьшение затрат и многие другие - одни из многочисленных задач.

7. Евроконтроль развивает, координирует и планирует осуществление управление воздушным пространством и воздушным движением.

8. Идея относительно единого неба для Европы является давно спланированной.

9. На самом деле, Евроконтроль был создан в 1960 году.

10. Идея цели создания было организация верхнего воздушного пространства его шестью государствами членами-учредителями.

11. Рост (увеличение) воздушного транспорта продолжает увеличиваться с каждым годом.

12. Евроконтроль предполагает, сегодняшнее движение воздушного транспорта и воздушных перевозок удвоится к 2020 году.

13. Необходимо применять радикальные меры, чтобы осуществлять безопасный контроль и управление воздушным транспортом из-за скопления бортов и увеличивающего транспорта.

14. Создание Европейского рынка демонтировало экономические границы созданием экономического и денежно-кредитного союза с 1990 года.

15. Все это дает широкое представление, что границы в небе не должны существовать.

16. Система управления воздушным в Европе остается безопасной, но довольно дорогостоящей.

17. Инициатива Единого Европейского Неба выдвигает законодательный подход к решению проблем, которые касаются воздушный транспорт чтобы справиться с будущими требованиями и запросами.

18. Реструктуризация Европейского воздушного пространства, создание дополнительной пропускной способности и увеличение полной системы эффективности системы регулирования воздушного движения - являются главными целями Единого Европейского Неба.

19. Необходимо разработать несколько основных элементов регулирования воздушным движением и пространством.

20. Евроконтроль имеет достаточный опыт, который необходимо применить чтобы Единое Европейское Небо стало реальностью.

Exercise 1.2.14 Make up your own sentences using the words and word combinations.

European organization; safety of air navigation; member-state; a primary objective, pan-European; Air Traffic Management; a key-element; to face; to cope with; the forecast growth in air traffic; a high level in safety; to respect the environment; national authorities; air navigation service providers; civil / military airspace users; professional organizations; core activities; strategic / tactical flow management; controller training; safety-proofed technologies and procedures; air navigation changes; a single sky; a single market a single currency; to avoid congestion; economic and monetary union; to solve the issues; future demands.

Exercise 1.2.15 Retell the text.