(Мансі є.О. Історія. Закон і злочин. – к.: Арій, 2008. – с. 50)

Ex. 1. Make up the annotation to the text you have read.

Ex. 2. Compose the mini-vocabulary of the text.

Практичне заняття № 1 (інформ, 3к.)

Тема 1. Стан та перспективи розвитку галузі.

TASK 1. Read and retell the text. New Communication Technology in Nowadays

The advancement of technology nowadays has changed the way of people communicating one to another. As we all know that couple years ago, people may only rely on the phone line and mails to keep in contact with others, but now they can make it easier and efficiently by using those mobile phones and text messaging features for communications. They can now sending and receiving information to others at anytime and anywhere they want.

The new communication technology provides people with the easier and simpler way of getting in touch to others, while it also offers the lower cost of communication solution. The development of mobile phone technology and internet has also find it’s way to support each other simply with the fact that now mobile phones are able to offer the users with instant access to internet content, allowing people to gain any information and news from internet at anytime they want from their handset. This is the era for the mobile communication and internet technology as it offers great contribution to our life to accommodate everyone’s need for a simpler and efficient communication approach. And yes, even now businesses consider the rapid growth of internet technology as they now apply the internet as a potential marketing environment.

TASK 2. GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE

		Active Voice Активний стан			Passive Voice Пасивний стан
Present Simple		I translate books. He writes stories. They know this writer. She reads books. He visits me.			The book is translated by me. The story is written by him. The writer is known to them. Books are read by her. I am visited by him.
Past Simple		I translated books. He wrote stories. They knew this writer. She read books. He visited me.			The book was translated by me. The story was written by him. The writer was known to them. Books were read by her. I was visited by him.
Future Simple		I will translate books. He will write stories. They will know this writer. She will read books. He will visit me.			The book will be translated by me. The story will be written by him. The writer will be known to them. Books will be read by her. I will be visited by him.
	PERSONAL PRONOUNS (особові займ.)			POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (присвійні займ.)
Число	Називний відмінок Nominative C.		Об’єктний відмінок Objective Case	Суміщена форма займ. + ім. Conjoint Form		Абсолютна ф. (займ. без ім. / ім. + of + займ.)
Однина	I found a job. You are сlever. He lives nearby. She is a student. It’s my baby.		He gave me a dog. He knows you. I gave him a book. I’ll talk to her. I hear it all right.	These are my bag. This is your idea. It’s his coat. Betty is her friend. I know its price.		These bags are mine. This idea is yours. The coat isn’t his. The dress is hers. -
Множ.	We have pets. You are friends. They keep fish.		Send us a letter. We’ll help you. We leave them.	This is our room. This is your pen. This is their car.		This room is ours. That phone is yours. This car is theirs too.

Ex.1. Transform the active form of the sentences into passive.

a) 1. Не broke his bicycle. 2. She will write a new book. 3. We will forgive his mistake. 4. Mother does not allow me to come home late. 5. She teaches us English. 6. The guide organized excursion well. 7. We will discuss this question in our office. 8. The pupils planted many trees near school. 9. She will serve dinner at two o'clock. 10. My little sister broke a cup. 11. We wash the dishes every day. 12. Our grandmother will send the telegram. 13. My doctor prescribed me this medicine. 14. A man showed me the way to her house. 15. My brother booked the tickets. 16. I will translate this text in the morning. 17. Jane wrote an interesting article. 18. The doctor examined patients every day. 19. They will build the bridge next month. 20. The enemies attacked the city.

b) 1. His parent's sent him to London. 2. They didn't invite Ben to the birthday party. 3. The teacher announced our marks at the lesson. 4. She will spend all her money on clothes. 5. He teaches them English at school. 6. I hope they will forgive my mistake. 7. Kate lost all the documents. 8. The professor operated on Jane last month. 9. They told me they would leave soon. 10. I forgot my purse at home. 11. My parent's will take me to the country. 12. We will finish this work in the evening.

Ex. 2. Open the brackets choosing the right form of the verb.

1. They (posted/were posted) the letters yesterday. 2. The letters (posted/were posted) yesterday. 3. You can (leave/be left) your case here. 4. The case can (leave/be left) here. 5. He will (tell/be told) me the truth. 6. The truth must (tell/be told) me. 7. You may (put/be put) your hat on. 8. The hat may (put/be put) on. 9. The machine mustn't (use/be used) after six o'clock. 10. They mustn't (use/be used) the machine. 11. Tomorrow I will (pay/be paid) the bill. 12. Tomorrow the bill will (pay/be paid).

Ex.3. Open the brackets using verbs in Past, Present and Future Simple Passive.

1. His car (to steal) last night. 2. Cheese (to make) from milk. 3. The dog (to give) some food in ten minutes. 4. The telegram (to receive) last week. 5. These televisions (to make) in Japan. 6. He (to give) a lot of money last month. 7. All the students (to invite) to the party next week. 8. I (to allow) to go for a walk now. 9. This man (to arrest) last year. 10. My question (to answer) soon. 11. Her book (to finish) this month. 12. The article (to translate) in three days. 13. Furniture (to make) from wood and plastic. 14. The news (to announce) tomorrow. 15. The patient (to take) to hospital last Friday. 16. The pupils (to explain) a new rule at the next lesson. 17. He (to appoint) a new manager. 18. Dictations (to write) every day. 19. This newspaper (to sell) everywhere.

Active Voice Активний стан	Passive Voice Пасивний стан
I invited. Я запросив.	I (not me) was invited. Мене запросили.
You help. Ти допомагаєш.	You ( also you) are helped. Тобі допомагають.
He asked. Він запитав.	He (not him) was asked. Його запитали.
She will answer. Вона відповість.	She (not her) will be answered. Їй дадуть відповідь.
We told. Ми сказали.	We (not us) were told. Нам сказали.
We admire. Ми захоплюємся.	We ( not us) are admired. Нами захоплюються.
They corrected. Вони поправили.	They (not them) were corrected. Їх поправили.
They rule. Вони керують.	They (not them) are ruled. Їми керують.

Ex. 4. Translate from Ukrainian into English using verbs in Past Simple Active or Passive.

1. Я сказав. - Мені сказали. 2. Я порадив. - Мені порадили. 3. Він дозволив. - Йому дозволили. 4. Вона намалювала. - Її намалювали. 5. Ми дали. - Нам далию 6.Вони залишили. - Їх залишили. 7. Він побачив. - Його побачили. 8. Я забув. - Мене забули. 9. Я привів. - Мене привели. 10. Вона покликала. - Її покликали. 11. Він відвів. - Його відвели. 12. Вони зрозуміли. - Їх зрозуміли. 13. Вона згадала. - Її згадали. 14. Він пробачив. - Його пробачили. 15. Я покликав. - Мене покликали.

Ex. 5. Translate from Ukrainian into English using verbs in Past, Present or Future Simple Pass.

1. Мені розказали. – Мені розказують. – Мені розкажуть. 2. Йому показали. – Йому показують. – Йому покажуть. 3. Їй дали. – Їй дають. – Їй дадуть. 4. Мені допомогли. – Мені допомагають. – Мені допоможуть. 5. Його помітили. – Його помічають. – Його помітять. 6. Нас запросили. – Нас запрошують. – Нас запросять. 7. Їм дозволили. – Їм дозволяють. – Їм дозволять. 8. Їй порадили. – Їй радять. – Їй порадять. 9. Його почули. – Його чують. – Його почують. 10. Мені повірили. – Мені вірять. – Мені повірять. 11. Їх впізнали. – Їх впізнають. – Їх впізнають. 12. Його згадали. – Його згадують. – Його згадають.

Ex. 6. Translate from Ukrainian into English using verbs in Past, Present or Future Simple Pass.

1. Я попросив свого друга допомогти мені. 2. Мене попросили допомогти йому. 3. Вчитель дав учням важке завдання. 4. Учням дали важке завдання. 5. Ми часто обговорюємо важливі питання вдома. 6. Важливі питання ми обговорюємо вдома. 7. Завтра вона закінчить цю роботу. 8. Цю роботу буде закінчено завтра. 9. Вона сказала нам правду. 10. Нам сказали правду. 11. Іноді він забуває купити хліба. 12. Чому про це часто забувають? 13. Він поверне книжку вчасно. 14. Книжку буде повернено вчасно. 15. Ці будинки побудували два роки тому. 16. Мама не дозволяє їм грати на вулиці. 17. їм не дозволяють грати на вулиці. 18. Коли будуть відправлені листи? 19. Вони зустрінуть нас на вокзалі. 20. Де нас зустрінуть?

Mind the place of pronouns!

to talk about to wait for to send for to care for to look at to listen to to laugh at

She is talked about. I was waited for. He was sent for. The child is cared for. She was looked at. They are listened to. He is often laughed at.

Ex. 7. Transform the active form of the sentences into passive. Mind the places of pronouns.

1. Не often thinks about her. 2. We looked for her everywhere. 3. People speak much about this film. 4. They sent for Alice. 5. She cares for her baby well. 6. They always laugh at Tom. 7. We will listen to the teacher attentively. 8. I always wait for my friend for a long time. 9. She asked for this book. 10. He will look for his key. 11. They will speak about this accident long. 12. He never listens to mother's advices.

REMEMBER! Can, may, must + BE + -ed / V3

Ex. 8. Transform the active form of the sentences into passive.

1. Jane must help her mother in the kitchen. 2. Somebody must send for the doctor. 3. You can buy this book at any book shop. 4. Tom must take his cousin to disco. 5. She can't do this work. 6. The doctor must take the patient to the hospital. 7. I can translate this text in an hour. 8. He must clean the garage. 9. Can you give me this book? 10. She can feed a dog with meat. 11. Fred must forget about it. 12. He must sign the documents. 13. You can show them the letter. 14. They must publish the article in the magazine. 15. Where we can put our bags?

TASK 3. READING: ALGORITHMS

The study of algorithms is a fundamental area of computer science. In writing a computer program to solve a problem, a programmer expresses in a computer language an algorithm that solves the problem, thereby turning the algorithm into a computer program. They include algorithms for sorting, searching, text processing, solving graph problems, solving basic geometric problems, displaying graphics, and performing common mathematical calculations. Sorting arranges data objects in a specific order, for example, in numerically ascending or descending orders. Internal sorting arranges data stored internally in the memory of a computer. Simple algorithms for sorting by selection, by exchange, or by insertion are easy to understand and straightforward to code. However, when the number of objects to be sorted is large, the simple algorithms are usually too slow, and a more sophisticated algorithm, such as heap sort or quick sort, can be used to attain acceptable performance. External sorting arranges stored data records.

Elementary searching algorithms include linear search and binary search. Linear search examines a sequence of data objects one by one. Binary search adopts a more sophisticated strategy and is faster than linear search when searching a large array. A collection of data objects that are to be frequently searched can also be stored as a tree. If such a tree is appropriately structured, searching the tree will be quite efficient. A text string is a sequence of characters. Efficient algorithms for manipulating text strings, such as algorithms to organize text data into lines and paragraphs and to search for occurrences of a given pattern in a document, are essential in a word processing system. A compiler needs to use efficient algorithms for lexical analysis (grouping individual characters into meaningful words or symbols) and parsing (recognizing the syntactical structure of a source program). Graph algorithms are useful for solving those problems that deal with objects and their connections—for example, determining whether all of the locations are connected, visiting all of the locations that can be reached from a given location, or finding the shortest path from one location to another. An approach to save time is to develop a parallel algorithm that solves a given problem by using a number of processors simultaneously.