Grammar: adverd (прислівник)

1. Прикметник, іменник… + суфікс -LY (= суфікс -О в укр. мові): quickly - швидко, badly - погано, yearly - щомісячно, slowly - повільно…; 2. -L + -Y = -LLY: awful - awfully; 3. -LE + -Y = -LY: miserable - miserably, terrible - terribly, noble – nobly. True - truly. 4. -IC+ -AL + -LY= -ICALLY: automatic – automatically.

2. Знач. „в певному напрямі” = - WARD(S): back, in — backward (назад), inward (всередину)...

Ex. 4. Form the adverbs from the following adjectives.

Serious, slow, happy, noisy, awful, loud, cheap, quick, polite, true, gentle, dramatic, wonderful, beautiful, peaceful, sad, hopeful, sudden, miserable, bright, immediate, warm, soft, amazing, cordial, extensive, absolute, foolish, merry, steady, fair, cheerful, cold, careful, terrible, quiet, dangerous, certain.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs (ступені порівняння прислівників)

Спосіб утворення	Звичайний ступінь	Вищий ступінь	Найвищий ступінь
1. Синтетичний: одно/двосклад.сл. без суфікса -LY.	Fast Long Soon	faster longer sooner	the fastest the longest the soonest
NB!	Early	Earl + i + er	Earl + i + est
2. Аналітичний (-LY → похідні присл.):	Slowly Hardly	MORE/LESS slowly, hardly	THE + MOST/ LEAST slowly, hardly
3. Особливі випадки:	1. WELL 2. BADLY 3. LITTLE 4. MUCH	BETTER WORSE LESS MORE	THE BEST THE WORST THE LEAST THE MOST
4. Два варіанти: („порядок”) (дистанція) („порядок”) (дистанція) („порядок”)	LATE FAR NEAR	LATER LATTER FARTHER FURTHER NEARER	THE LATEST THE LAST THE FARTHEST THE FURTHEST THE NEAREST THE NEXT

Ex. 5. Put the adverb into the correct form.

1. He speaks English (correctly) of all in my group. 2. The fire was put out (quickly) than we expected. 3. Whose singing did you like (well), Mary’s, Nina’s or Helen’s ? 4. You ought to have told me (early). 5. Now I can see the ship (clearly) than before. 6. Which of these two books did you enjoy (much) ?7. Which of all these books did you enjoy (much)? 8. Which of the students ran (fast) at the contest? 9. She visits them (frequently) than us. 10. I like this book (well) than that.

Ex.6. Chose the right varient: 1. The answer was not (satisfactory, satisfactorily). 2. The question can be answered quite (simple, simply). 3. He came into the room very (quiet, quietly). 4. It is not (good, well) for you to smoke. 5. I did not rest very (good, well) last night. 6. He wrote his dictation (bad, badly). 7. He is a (brave, bravely) man. 8. The weather is (cold, coldly) to-day. 9. This is a (comfortable, comfortably) chair. 10. We traveled (comfortable, comfortably). 11. The two sisters were dressed (different, differently). 12. He is (dangerous, dangerously) ill. 13. The children seem to be very (happy, happily). 14. They lived (happy, happily). 15. She looked round (helpless, helplessly). 16. She is quite (helpless, helplessly). 17. The sea was (quiet, quietly). 18. He goes to school (regular, regularly).

REMEMBER!

NB! Після дієслів (сенсорного/чуттєвого) сприйняття вжив. лише прикм.:
1. TO FEEL (відчувати). 2. TO SEEM (здаватися). 3. TO APPEAL (визивати). 4. TO BE (бути). 5. TO BECOME (стати). 6. TO STAY (залишатися).	7. TO GO (йти). 8. TO GET (виходити). 9.TO LOOK (виглядати). 10. TO SOUND (звучати). 11.TO SMELL (пахнути). 12.TO TASTE (смакувати).
E.g.: This cake tastes delicious. This symphony sounds perfect.
NB! ПІСЛЯ дієсл. сенсорного/чуттєвого сприйняття ― ПРИСЛ., якщо за ним стоїть ПРИКМЕТНИК.
E.g.: This pie was fantastic. ≠ This pie was fantastically delicious. The roof was dangerous. ≠ The roof was dangerously broken. Marry is serious. ≠ Marry is seriously ill.

Ex. 7. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of adverbs or adjectives.

a) 1. This cake tastes ... . I advise you to take a slice of it. (A delicious, B deliciously) 2. This symphony sounds ... . Shall we listen to it again? (A perfect, B perfectly) 3. Look at this fish! It looks ... . (A wonderful, B wonderfully) 4. The dinner which is on the table smells ... . (A nice, B nicely) 5. This silk feels ... . Will you buy it? (A soft, B softly) 6. Your broth always tastes ... . Will you give me the recipe? (A good, B well) 7. This music sounds ... . Will you turn the radio off? (A awful, B awfully) 8. The cloth you bought yesterday feels ... . (A smooth, B smoothly) 9. She looks ... . When did you meet her before? (A pretty, B prettily) 10. This custard smells ... . Will you give me a bit of it. (A tasty, B tastily) 11. Sidney Sheldon became ... as soon as his book has been popular. (A famous, B famously) 12. This silk feels ... and she wants to buy it. (A good, B well) 13. The soup tasted ... and we really enjoyed it. (A delicious, B deliciously) 14. This music sounds ... . I should like to buy this cassette. (A nice, B nicely) 15. What happened in here? The room is full of smoke and it smells … . (A awful, B awfully)

b) 1. She is … (A awful, B awfully). 2. She is … (A awful, B awfully) beautiful. 3. Her speech is ... (A wonderful, B wonderfully). 4. Her speech is … (A wonderful, B wonderfully) clear. 5. Ann's dress is ... (A usual, B usually). 6. Ann's dress is ... (A usual, B usually) perfect. 7. He is ... (A good, B well). 8. He is ... (A good, B well) bred. 9. His actions are ... (A nervous, B nervously). 10. His actions are ... (A nervous, B nervously) quick.

TASK 3. READING: The human brain

The human brain is the center of the human nervous system. Enclosed in the cranium, the human brain has the same general structure as that of other mammals, but is over three times larger than the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size. Most of the expansion comes from the cerebral cortex, a convoluted layer of neural tissue which covers the surface of the forebrain. Especially expanded are the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The portion of the brain devoted to vision, the occipital lobe, is also greatly enlarged in human beings.

The brain monitors and regulates the body's actions and reactions. It continuously receives sensory information, and rapidly analyzes this data and then responds accordingly by controlling bodily actions and functions. The brainstem controls breathing, heart rate, and other autonomic processes that are independent of conscious brain functions. The neocortex is the center of higher-order thinking, learning, and memory. The cerebellum is responsible for the body's balance, posture, and the coordination of movement.

Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood-brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to many types of damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a wide variety of chemicals that can act as neurotoxins. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare due to the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of such brain anomalies is not well understood.

Ex. 1. Make up the annotation to the text you have read.

Ex. 2. Compose the mini-vocabulary of the text.