III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. It is easy to imagine how any society would operate without at least some rules.

2. There are no laws against stealing or murder.

3. When people marry, no rules are necessary.

4. In the world of business, laws on a number of points are needed.

5. A modern society needs simple laws.

6. The community has an important part to play in making and enforcing law.

7. A state is a political unit with a territory that the in­ternational community treats as independent.

8. Customs settle how the state is to be gov­erned and what duties it owes its citizens.

9. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems.

10. The branches of the state are the legislature, the executive and the judicial.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What is law in the opinion of many people?

2. In what circumstances do people start thinking of their everyday activities as legal matters?

3. What are the examples of the growing uses of law throughout the world?

4. When does law seem to be regarded as a good thing?

5. What laws are relations between people in all societies regulated by?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

1	State is a political unit with a territory	a	to play in making and enforcing law.
2	Legal sys­tems are called systems because in each state	b	that the in­ternational community treats as independent.
3	The state has an important part	c	that there should be no laws at all.
4	The more complex society becomes	d	there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law.
5	There are people who believe	e	the more laws it will need.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian). Text 57. Classification of law

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

Common law – звичаєве право, invasion – вторгнення, public law – суспільне право, to commit – скоювати, defamation – наклеп, negligence – недбалість, a wrong – правопорушення.

II. Listen to the text: Classification of Law

Each country in the world has its own system of law. However, there are two main traditions of law in the world. One is based on English Common law, and has been adopted by many Commonwealth countries (English-speaking countries) and most of the United States. The other tradition, known as Civil law, or Continental law, has developed in most of continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia and Africa, which have been strongly influ­enced by Europe. Civil law has also influenced Japan.

Common law systems differ from civil law systems. Common law system is a system of “judge made” law which has continuously developed over the years through the decisions of judges in the cases brought before them. These judicial precedents are an important source of common law system. Civil or continental law systems are known as codified legal systems. In these systems law has been codified or systematically collected to form a consistent body of legal rules. Civil law systems have resulted from attempts by governments to produce a set of codes to govern every legal aspect of a citizen's life.

Despite these differences the law of a modern state has everywhere much the same shape and is concerned with the same problems. One important distinction made in all countries is between private — or civil — law and public law. Civil (private) law concerns disputes between citizens within a country, and public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.