III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. The Great Fire of London began at daybreak of September 2, 1666.

2. A small fire began in the bakeshop of T. Farynor, butcher to King Charles II.

3. At one o’clock in the morning the baker and his family were trying to put down the fire.

4. At this time, most London houses were of wood and pitch construction.

5. The fire leapt to the hay and feed piles on the yard of the Star Inn at Fish Street Hill, and spread to the Inn.

6. The strong wind that blew that night sent sparks to the St. Paul’s Cathedral.

7. The citizen fire fighting brigades managed to put down the fire with their buckets of water from the river.

8. Lord Mayor Bludworth worried about the cost of rebuilding.

9. By the time a Royal command came down, the fire was too out of control to stop.

10. The Duke of York Later became King James II.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What was the reason of the Great Fire of London?

2. Why was it quite simple for fire to spread over the whole city?

3. What did the citizen fire fighting brigades do?

4. What stopped fire from spreading to Southwark, on the other side of the river?

5. Why did Lord Mayor Bludworth hesitate about destroying the houses on the path of the flames?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

1	The Trained Bands of London were called in	a	had always been to destroy the houses.
2	The standard procedure to stop a fire from spreading	b	in containing the fire with buckets of water.
3	The citizen fire fighting brigades had little success	c	and it did not take long for the fire to expand.
4	The fire leapt to the hay and feed piles	d	to demolish houses by gunpowder.
5	Most London houses were of wood and pitch construction,	e	on the yard and spread further.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian). Unit 5. The usa. Political system of the usa text 48. The constitution of the usa and the bill of rights

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

Pattern – приклад, to pay off debts – виплачувати борги, constituent – складова, fear – страх, to seize control – захопити контроль над, a convention – зібрання, explicit – чіткий.

II. Listen to the text: The Constitution of the usa and the Bill of Rights

During the war, the states had greed to work together by sending representatives to a national congress patterned after the “Congress of Delegates” that conducted the war with England. It would raise money to pay off debts of the war, establish a money system and deal with foreign nations in making treaties. The agreement that set up this plan of cooperation was called the Articles of Confederation.

Many Americans worried about the future. How could they win the respect of other nations if the states did not pay their debts? How could they improve the country by building roads or canals if the stales would not work together? They believed that the Congress needed more power.

The plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the Constitution of the United Slates. The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president.

Two main fears shared by most Americans: one fear was that one person or group, including the majority, might become too powerful or be able to seize control of the country and create a tyranny, another fear was that the new central government might weaken or take away the power of the state governments to run their own affairs. To deal with this the Constitution specified exactly what power central government had and which power was reserved for the states.

Representatives of various states noted that the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens. Though the Convention delegates did not think it necessary to include such explicit guarantees, many people felt that they needed further written protection against tyranny. So, a "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution.

To all Americans, another basic foundation of their representative democracy is the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791. This consists of 10 very short paragraphs, which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with the lives of individuals by the government. Each paragraph is an Amendment to the original Constitution. Bill of Rights guaranteed freedom of religion, of speech and of the press. Americans have the right to assemble in public places, to protest government actions and to demand change. They have the right to own weapons if they wish. Because of the Bill of Rights, neither police nor soldiers can search a person without good reason. They also cannot search a person's home without legal permission from a court to do so.

Bill of Rights guarantees Americans the right to a speedy trial if accused of a crime. Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden.

16 amendments to the Constitution as of 1991 guaranteed citizenship and full rights of citizenship to all people regardless of race gave women the right to vote and lowered the national voting age to 18 years.