Завдання № 2.

Віднайдіть у тексті та випишіть 10 інтернаціоналізмів, 10 термінів і

термінологічних словосполучень, дайте їх переклад українською. 5 балiв

Завдання № 3. Заповніть пропуски у реченнях відповідними словами, обраними серед

поданих нижче: 5 балiв

Malleable, irons, distortion, carbon, melting.

1. Malleable cast iron gets its name from the … this iron may undergo with­out fracturing.

2. Many grey cast … are now cast with the addition of some of the more common alloying elements, such as nickel, copper, mo­lybdenum, chromium.

3. White cast iron has practically all of its … in the combined state as cementite.

4. Grey cast iron may be made by … pig iron and scrap in the cheapest of melting processes, the cupola.

5. This treatment changes the hard brittle white cast iron into a soft, ductile product called … cast iron.

Завдання № 4.

Утворiть речення, використовуючи записанi нижче слова:

6 балiв

1. Is, of, cheapest, ferrous, cast, the, metals, the, iron.

2. And, “grey”, the, “white”, term, the, appearance, of, fracture, to, of, the, refers, casting.

3. Either, or, tough, is, cast, malleable, more, cast, than, iron, white, grey, much, ductile, and, iron.

4. Has, cast, engineering, of, an, become, at, time, iron, material, construction, important, present.

Завдання № 5.

Дайте відповіді на питання за текстом: 5 балiв

1. What constitutes one of the most valued cast metals?

2. What process is malleable cast iron made by?

3. How was cast iron considered by engineers until the last time?

4. Why must cast iron be cast into shape?

5. What is used to improve the strength and hardness of the castings?

Завдання № 6.

Перекладіть запропонованi речення, звертаючи особливу увагу на рiзнi значення видiленого слова:

6 балiв

1. Atomic energy must be used for the common GOOD of all nations.

2. The extensive application of atomic energy to construction work in some regions would be a GOOD solution to the problem.

3. GOODS in large quantities cannot be transported by air.

4. As the work was done GOOD there were no reasons to quibble over shortcomings.

Завдання № 7.

Напишіть та запам’ятайте переклад наступних слів та словосполучень:

10 балiв

Machine-tools; step-cone head; plain bearings; cross-section area; fitting; tolerance; faceplate; thrust washers; bed; gear teeth; to cut threads; face plate; turret lathe; automatic screw machine; upright drilling machine; spindle; to mount smth; milling nachines; rotating cutters; gear drive; jack screw; spacing washers; locking nut; shaper; to lubricate with oil; tap; planer; slotting machine; rack-and-pinion drive; dog clutches.

Загальна максимальна рейтингова оцінка: 52 бали

ВАРІАНТ № 23.

Завдання № 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово текст:

15 балів

LIGHT METALS

An outstanding feature of modern engineering is the design of light-weight structures. Advantages of light weight are seen most easily in transport vehicles. Thus, if the structure of a vehicle is made lighter without loss of strength, the useful load of that vehicle may be correspond­ingly increased. In airplanes this consideration reaches its greatest importance,

It has been calculated that the saving of one pound in the structure of a transport plane, thus increasing the pay-load by one pound, will yield increased revenues of sev­eral hundred dollars during the life of the plane. The im­portance of obtaining the greater strength per pound of structure in airplanes can thus be easily appreciated.

The same factors apply with less force to other transport vehicles. Hence, the increased use of alloy steels, alumin­ium, and magnesium in trains and light-weight buses and trucks. Lightness of weight is also appreciated in such things as vacuum cleaners, portable X-ray units used in hospitals, etc.

The strength per pound of a metal is proportional to the specific strength which is the strength per square inch di­vided by the specific gravity. The light metal alloys based on aluminium and magnesium rank among the highest in specific strength but may be equalled or surpassed by some of the high strength steels. However, the high strength steels are difficult to machine and to form as well as to cast, so the light metal alloys are usually, but not always, to be preferred. A modern war plane contains 75% of alumin­ium. Titanium is a newcomer to the field of which much is hoped.

If we compare structural members of the same length, width, and weight, a magnesium member would be 4.35 times as thick as one of steel, while an aluminium member would be 2.78 times as thick. By having shaped the cross-section to have a greater moment of inertia without increasing its weight it is pos­sible to increase the stiffness of a structural member. Examples are the manufacture of hollow tubular members or of I-beams. However, all such fabrications are greatly sim­plified by using thicker light metals. For example, airplane wings are made hollow and are elaborately stiffened by numerous cross-members inside the wing which are at­tached to the aluminium sheet of the wing by thousands of rivets. These stiffening problems would be greatly multi­plied for steel wings of the same weight and greatly di­minished for magnesium. By having replaced aluminium wings by magnesium aeronautical engineers tried to solve the same problem.

Завдання № 2.

Віднайдіть у тексті та випишіть 10 інтернаціоналізмів, 10 термінів і

термінологічних словосполучень, дайте їх переклад українською. 5 балiв

Завдання № 3.

Заповніть пропуски у реченнях відповідними словами, обраними серед

поданих нижче: 5 балiв

Engineering, airplane, gravity, fabrications, availability.

1. The design engineer must also consider ease of fabrication, … of parts, costs, and many other factors.

2. A special feature of modern … is the design of light-weight structures.

3. The specific strength is the strength per square inch di­vided by the specific ...

4. … wings are made hollow and are elaborately stiffened by numerous cross-members inside the wing.

5. All such … are greatly sim­plified by using thicker light metals.