186- Путешествуем с английским- Русско-англ разг для бизнесм и путешеств_ред. Мерхелевич_2006
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ЧИСЛА |
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NUMBERS |
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Ordinal numbers |
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Порядковые числительные |
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20th ....................................................... |
twentieth |
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21st..................................................... |
twenty-first |
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25th .................................................... |
twenty-fifth |
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90th ....................................................... |
ninetieth |
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99th .................................................... |
ninety-ninth |
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100th..................................................... |
hundredth |
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101st ............................................. |
hundred and first |
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225th........................... |
two hundred (and) twenty-fifth |
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Dates |
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Год |
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1624 |
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sixteen twenty-four |
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1903 |
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nineteen-oh-three |
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1987 |
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nineteen eighty-seven |
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Weights and measures Таблица мер и весов
The words in dark type are the ones that are most commonly used in general speech.
Metric Метрические меры
Units of length Меры длины
1 millimetre........................................ |
= 0.03937 inch |
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10 mm ............................. |
= 1 centimetre = 0.3937 inch |
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10 cm ............................. |
= 1 decimetre = 3.937 inches |
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10 dm ................................... |
= 1 metre = 39.37 inches |
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10 m................................ |
= 1 decametre = 10.94 yards |
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10 dam............................ |
= 1 hectometre = 109.4 yards |
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10 hm ............................... |
= 1 kilometre = 0.6214 mile |
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Units of weight |
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Меры веса |
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1 milligram ........................................... |
= 0.015 grain |
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10 mg ............................... |
= 1 centigram = 0.154 grain |
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10 cg ................................ |
= 1 decigram = 1.543 grains |
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10 dg .................. |
= 1 gram = 15.43 grains = 0.035 ounces |
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10 g.................................. |
= 1 decagram = 0.353 ounce |
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10 dag............................ |
= 1 hectogram = 3.527 ounces |
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10 hg ................................ |
= 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds |
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1000 kg ............. |
= 1 tonne = 0.984 (long) ton (metric ton) |
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= 2204.62 pounds |
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Units of capacity |
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Меры объема |
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1 millilitre .......................................... |
= 0.00176 pint |
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10 ml ................................. |
= 1 centilitre = 0.0176 pint |
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10 cl .................................... |
= 1 decilitre = 0.176 pint |
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10 dl..................... |
= 1 litre = 1.76 pints = 0.22 UK gallon |
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10 l ................................... |
= 1 decalitre = 2.20 gallons |
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10 dal ............................... |
= 1 hectolitre = 22.0 gallons |
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10 hl.................................. |
= 1 kilolitre = 220.0 gallons |
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Square measure |
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Меры площади |
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1 square millimetre |
..................... = 0.00155 square inch |
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100 mm2 .......... |
=1 square centimeter = 0.1550 square inch |
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10cm2 .................. |
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= 1 square metre = 1.196 square yards |
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100m2 .............................. |
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= 1 are = 119.6 square yards |
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100 ares................................ |
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= 1 hectare = 2.471 acres |
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100 ha....................... |
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= 1 square kilometer = 247.1 acres |
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Cubic measure |
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Меры объема |
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1 cubic centimeter......................... |
= 0.06102 cubic inch |
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1000 cm3............ |
= 1 cubic decimeter = 0.03532 cubic foot |
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1000 dm3 ................. |
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= 1 cubic metre = 1.308 cubic yards |
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1 cubic inch .......................................... |
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= 16.39 mm3 |
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1728 cubic inches .. = 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m3 |
= 28.32 dm3 |
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27 cubic feet |
..........= 1 cubic yard = 0.7646 m3 = 764.6 dm3 |
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Circular measure Штриховые угловые меры
1 microradian |
................................... = 0.206 seconds |
1000 μrad ..................... |
= 1 milli - radian = 3.437 minutes |
1000 mrad .................................... |
= 1 radian = 57.296 |
degrees .......................................... |
= 180/n degrees |
Metric preferences
Приставки к метрическим мерам
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Abbreviation |
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Factor |
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Обозначение |
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коэффициент перехода |
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tera- |
T |
1012 |
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giga- |
G |
109 |
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mega- |
M |
106 |
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kilo- |
k |
103 |
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hecto- |
h |
102 |
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deca- |
da |
101 |
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deci- |
d |
10-1 |
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centi- |
c |
10-2 |
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milli- |
m |
10-3 |
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micro- |
μ |
10-6 |
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nano- |
n |
10-9 |
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pico- |
p |
10-12 |
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femto- |
f |
10-15 |
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atto- |
a |
10-18 |
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British and American |
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Великобритания и США |
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Units of length |
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Меры длины |
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1 inch ...................................................... |
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= 2.54 cm |
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12 inches ...................................... |
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= 1 foot = 0.3048 m |
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3 feet ........................................... |
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= 1 yard = 0.9144m |
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51/2 yards....................... |
= 1 rod, pole or perch = 5.029 m |
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22 yards........................................ |
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= 1 chain = 20.12 m |
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10 chains ................................. |
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= 1 furlong = 0.2012 km |
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8 furlongs...................................... |
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= 1 mile = 1.609 km |
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6076.12 feet ........................... |
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= 1 nautical mile = 1852m |
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Units of weight |
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Меры веса |
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1 grain .................................................... |
= 64.8 mg |
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1 dram .................................................... |
= 1.772 a |
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16 drams...................................... |
= 1 ounce = 28.35 a |
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16 ounces.................................. |
= 1 pound = 0.4536 kg |
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14 pounds ................................... |
= 1 stone = 6.350 kg |
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2 stones.................................... |
= 1 quarter = 12.70 kg |
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4 quarters ................................................ |
= 1 (long) |
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hundredweight.......................................... |
= 50.80 kg |
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20 hundredweight ................ |
= 1 (long) ton = 1.016 tonnes |
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100 pounds .............................................. |
= 1 (short) |
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hundredweight......... |
= 45.36 kg 2000 pounds = 1 (short)ton |
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= 0.9072 tonnes |
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The short hundredweight and ton are more common in the US
Units of capacity Меры объема
1 fluid ounce .......................................... |
= 28.41 cm3 |
5 fluid ounces............................... |
= 1 gill = 0.1421 dm3 |
4 gills........................................ |
= 1 pint = 0.5683 dm3 |
2 pints ...................................... |
= 1 quart = 1.137dm3 |
4 quarts............................. |
= 1 (UK) gallon = 4.546 dm3 |
231 cubic inches.................... |
= 1 (US) gallon = 3.785 dm3 |
8 gallons ................................. |
= 1 bushel = 36.369 dm3 |
Circular measure Штриховые угловые меры
1 second .............................................. = 4.860 μrad
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60 seconds............................. |
= 1 minute = 0.2909 μrad |
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60 minutes ............... |
= 1 degree = 17.45 μrad = π/180 rad |
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45 degrees.................................. |
= 1 oxtant = πi/4 rad |
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60 degrees = 1 sextant = π/3 rad 90 degrees = 1 quadrant or
1 right angle ............................................. |
= π/2 rad |
360 degrees ........................................... |
= 1 circle or |
1 circumference .......................................... |
= 2π rad |
1 grade or gon ..................................... |
= 1/100th of a |
right angle............................................. |
= π/200 rad |
US dry measure
Меры сыпучих тел в США
1 pint............................. |
= 0.9689 UK pint = 0.5506 dm3 |
1 bushel....................... |
= 0.9689 UK bushel = 35.238 dm3 |
US liquid measure Меры жидкости в США
1 fluid ounce .......... |
= 1.0408 UK fluid ounces = 0.0296 dm3 |
16 fluid ounces ...... |
= 1 pint = 0.8327 UK pint = 0.4732 dm3 |
8 pints ............ |
= 1 gallon = 0.8327 UK gallon = 3.7853 dm3 |
Temperature
Единицы измерения температуры
° Fahrenheit ..................................... |
= (9/5 x°C) + 32 |
° Celsius ............................................ |
= 5/9 (°F - 32) |
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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРАЗДНИКИ |
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FESTIVALS AND SPECIAL DAYS |
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Новый год |
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New Year |
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Канун Нового года –31 |
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New Year's Eve - 31st |
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декабря |
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December |
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Новый год – 1 января |
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New Year's Day - 1st January |
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Люди празднуют приход |
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People celebrate the start of |
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нового года, организуя |
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the new year by going to |
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вечеринки в день накануне |
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parties on New Year's Eve. |
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его прихода. |
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When midnight comes they |
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Ровно в полночь они говорят |
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say "Happy New Year" to |
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друг другу: «С Новым |
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each other, kiss each other, |
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годом» - целуются и поют |
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and sing a song called auld |
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песню auld lang syne. |
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lang syne. |
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Праздник Нового года |
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The New Year is seen as a |
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воспринимают как день, |
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time when people try to |
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начиная с которого люди |
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change their lives, for |
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надеются изменить свой |
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example by promising to |
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образ жизни, обещая, |
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stop smoking or to take more |
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например, бросить курить |
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exercise. These promises are |
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или начать заниматься |
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called New Year's |
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физкультурой. Такие |
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resolutions. |
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обещания называют |
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новогодними надеждами. |
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День сурка |
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Groundhog Day |
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( отмечают 2 февраля) |
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2nd February |
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По обычаю, существующему |
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According to US tradition, |
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в США, первым днем нового |
this is the first day of I the |
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года считается тот день, в |
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year that the groundhog (=a |
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который сурок впервые |
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small animal with brown fur |
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выходит из своей норы. |
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that lives in holes in the |
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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРАЗДНИКИ |
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FESTIVALS AND SPECIAL DAYS |
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Если при этом он увидит |
ground) comes out of its |
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свою тень, значит, зима |
hole. If it sees its shadow, |
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затянется еще на 6 недель. |
there will be six more weeks |
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В противном случае, |
of winter; if it does not, |
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потепление произойдет |
good weather will come |
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достаточно скоро. |
early. |
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День президента |
President's Day |
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(третий понедельник |
Ithe third Monday in |
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февраля) |
February |
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В США – выходной день в |
A holiday in the US to |
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честь Джорджа Вашингтона |
remember the birthdays of |
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и Авраама Линкольна |
George Washington and |
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Abraham Lincoln |
День святого Валентина |
Valentines' Day |
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(отмечают 14 февраля) |
February 14th |
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Это день влюбленных. В |
A day when people celebrate |
этот день люди посылают |
romantic love, and send |
своим возлюбленным |
cards or give red roses or |
поздравительные открытки |
chocolates to the person |
или дарят им красные розы |
they love. Traditionally a |
и шоколад. Обычно тот, кто |
Valentine's card is not signed |
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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРАЗДНИКИ |
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FESTIVALS AND SPECIAL DAYS |
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посылает открытку, не |
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by the person who sends it, |
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указывает на ней свое имя |
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so the person who receives it |
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с тем, чтобы получатель |
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has to guess who it is from. |
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угадал, кто является ее |
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отправителем. |
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Марди грас |
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Mardi Gras |
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(вторник на масленицу) |
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Масленица, которую |
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A carnival held in New |
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празднуют в Новом Орлеане |
Orleans, Louisiana, in the |
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(штат Луизиана), перед |
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days before lent. There is |
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Великим постом. |
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drinking, dancing, |
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Празднества включают в |
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entertainment, and a parade |
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себя застолье с |
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(=a public celebration when |
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различными напитками, |
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musical bands and people |
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танцы и парады на |
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dressed in special clothes |
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автомобилях под музыку. |
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move along the street in |
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decorated vehicles). |
Последний день |
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Shrove Tuesday, also |
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масленицы, или |
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Pancake Day BrE |
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День блинов |
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(в Великобритании)
В этот день в |
In the UK this is a day when |
Великобритании едят |
people eat pancakes (=very |
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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРАЗДНИКИ |
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FESTIVALS AND SPECIAL DAYS |
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блины. Это последний день |
thin, flat, round cakes made |
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перед Великим постом, |
by frying (fry) a mixture of |
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продолжительностью в 40 |
butter, flour, and eggs). It is |
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дней, в течение которого в |
the last day before lent, a |
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прежние времена |
period of forty days when, in |
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the past, |
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христиане ели только |
Christians ate only simple |
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постную пищу. При этом |
food. People used up all |
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люди съедали все запасы |
their milk, butter, and eggs |
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молока, масла и яиц в |
on Shrove Tuesday because |
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последний день |
they were not allowed to eat |
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масленицы, поскольку во |
them during Lent. |
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время поста есть такую |
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пищу не разрешалось. |
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День святой куропатки |
St Patrick's Day |
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(отмечают 17 марта) |
17th March |
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Это национальный праздник |
The national day of Ireland, |
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для Ирландии, который |
that is also celebrated by |
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также отмечают ирландцы, |
Irish people in the UK and |
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проживающие в |
US, when people wear green |
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Великобритании и США. |
clothes, dye flowers green, |
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Празднующие одеваются во |
and go to the pub and drink |
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все зеленое, красят цветы |
Guinness |
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в зеленый цвет и распивают |
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темное пиво «Гиннес». |
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Вербное воскресенье |
Palm Sunday |
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(последнее воскресенье |
the Sunday before Easter |
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перед Пасхой) |
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