4. Read these phrases and combine them as additional ones with the appropriate passages.

a) Generally nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometer in at least one dimension, and involves developing materials or devices within that size.

b) Nanotechnology, shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

c) The term "nanotechnology" was defined by Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 as follows: "'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule."

d) Nanoscale materials are sometimes used in solar cells which combats the cost of traditional silicon solar cells.

f) One area of concern is the effect that industrial-scale manufacturing and use of nanomaterials would have on human health and the environment, as suggested by nanotoxicology research. Groups such as the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology have advocated that nanotechnology should be specially regulated by governments for these reasons.

g) The nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study materials having unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions.

5. Look through the article again and

a) title every passage;

b) find the keywords for every passage and write them out;

c) make up the phrases (use the keywords, if necessary) which correspond the main idea of every passage.

6. Describe the facts using the verbs state, think, know, learn, consider, find, believe, expect, etc. Report in Complex Subject or Complex Object or use subordinate clause.

Model: In some decades manipulations by individual atoms and molecules will be a common procedure. (suppose)

We suppose manipulations by individual atoms and molecules to be a common procedure in some decades (Complex Object).

Manipulations by individual atoms and molecules are supposed to be a common procedure in some decades (Complex Subject).

It is supposed that in some decades manipulations by individual atoms and molecules will be a common procedure. (Subordinate Clause).

1. In the Middle Ages alchemists tried to control matter (long, know).

2. Materials reduced to the nanoscale exhibit extrinsic properties (find).

3 Nanomaterials have potential effects on global economics (expect).

4 Nanochemists may be able to contribute to the development of biomaterials (consider).

5. A wide variety of useful chemicals such as pharmaceuticals will be created due to the purposeful search of nanochemists (believe).

6. Nanochemistry deals with separation, consolidation, deformation or processing of materials by one atom or by one molecule. (first, state, Professor Norio Taniguchi).

7. Nanotoxicology which is a comparatively new branch of nanotechnology is concerned with the effects of nanostructures on living organisms (report).

7. Make a short review of this article.

8. Read the text «Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanotechnology» and make a list of advantages and disadvantages of «Nanotechnology». Fill in the table. Learn the information in the Appendix IV and write “For and Against’essay.

Pros	Cons
1.	1.