- •Contents
- •Пояснительная записка
- •Master’s Degree and Programs in Russia
- •6 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate preposition.
- •7. Compose the phrases concerning your Master’s program by choosing words and expressions from each column. Mind the grammar rules.
- •9. Ask and answer the following questions:
- •10. Read and translate the beginning of the dialogue between former groupmates. Make your own one. Use the questions from the previous exercise.
- •Master’s Program
- •1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following word-combinations from the text below. Pay special attention to the prepositions in bold.
- •3. Read and translate the text. Give Russians equivalents to the phrases underlined. Master’s Degree and Careers in Chemistry
- •4. Discuss possible business prospect and benefits as well as disadvantages of taking Master Degree courses. Use the information in the texts and any ideas of your own. Work in pairs.
- •2. Read and translate the text, and tell what possibilities conferences open for. Research and Practice Conferences
- •How to Make a Scientific or Technical Presentation
- •1. Put the phrases into the appropriate column.
- •2. Read the introduction of the presentation and put these phrases into the correct order.
- •3. Make your own introductory part to your presentation.
- •5. Study the following information carefully and use it for your next presentations.
- •7. Fill in the gaps using words/phrases from the list. Some words/phrases can be used more than once.
- •Visual Aids
- •8. Read and take into account the recommendations in the table. PowerPoint Presentation Guidelines
- •Nanodiamond-Polymer Composite Fibers and Coatings
- •10. Read and translate the short fragments which were not included in the presentation. Look through the text of presentation again and unite each fragment with the appropriate part of presentation.
- •9. Make your own presentation. Then look through it again and answer the questions concerning:
- •I. Individual Component and Originality
- •II. Content
- •III. Visual Aids
- •1. Read the text of writing an abstract and answer the following questions.
- •Writing an Abstract
- •3. Here are some other points to keep in mind about abstracts. Read and translate them.
- •4. Read the summary and decide
- •Geochemical features of natural waters of western siberia: microelement composition
- •5. Look through the previous summary again and say what the words in bold serve for. Analyze all the verbal forms underlined.
- •Ratio of oxidized and reduced forms of noble metals in the priamurye region.
- •7. Put the parts of the English sentences into correct word-order. Использование продуктов переработки нефти. Utilization / products / treatment/ oil/
- •8. Choose the appropriate grammar form in brackets for the verbs underlined. Select linking words (variants are possible) for the words in bold. Translate into English.
- •9. Translate these word-combinations into Russian. To avoid frequent use of the preposition of, use noun/attribute chains.
- •Section III high-tech chemistry
- •1. Memorize all the meanings of these words.
- •2. Some modern terms derived from two words, for example, the term durability derived from the words “during” and “ability”. Analyze and try to translate the terms without a dictionary.
- •3. Pay special attention to the translation of the attribute chains:
- •4. Analyze the attribute chains in the table below and translate them:
- •5. Translate these word-combinations.
- •6. Why do they do it? Match a with b.
- •7. Give an advice to help these persons. Work in pairs.
- •8. Translate the sentences into Russian. Pay special attention to the functions of the Infinitive and try to give all possible variants of translation.
- •9. Answer the following questions before reading the text “The Science and Technology of Composite Materials”.
- •10. Read and translate the text. Match the phrases underlined with their equivalents below:
- •The Science and Technology of Composite Materials
- •11. Which of the following is not true? Correct the false statements.
- •12. Say the same using the Infinitives to shorten the phrases.
- •Metal Matrix Composite
- •14. Answer the question to the text Metal Matrix Composite:
- •15. Look through the text Metal Matrix Composite again. Choose the keywords and write a short abstract (no more than 100 words).
- •1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary.
- •2. Give English equivalents to the following word-combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the article. Choose the best title from those given below:
- •4. Read these phrases and combine them as additional ones with the appropriate passages.
- •5. Look through the article again and
- •6. Describe the facts using the verbs state, think, know, learn, consider, find, believe, expect, etc. Report in Complex Subject or Complex Object or use subordinate clause.
- •7. Make a short review of this article.
- •Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
- •8. Read and translate the sentences. Say what things (facts) are set against and which ones are approved. Use the word-combinations underlined in the “For and Against” discussion.
- •9. Webquest. Use the Internet and find the information about modern investigations in «Nanoscience». Be ready to put it briefly in the group. Here are some possible items to consider.
- •Appendix II passive voice: When to Use It and When to Avoid It
- •Appendix III Conference. Submission Form
- •Bibliography
- •625003, Г. Тюмень, ул. Семакова, 10
14. Answer the question to the text Metal Matrix Composite:
1. How many constituents does a metal matrix composite combine? 2. What is a hybrid composite? 3. Can each part of the material be either a matrix or reinforcement? 4. Why the reinforcement surface can be coated? 5. What does the matrix provide? 6. What discontinuous MMCs can be worked with? 7. What types of fibers are used for continuous reinforcement? 8. What types the MMC manufacturing can be broken into? 9. Which of them is one of the latest methods? What technology does it employ? 10. Why are MMCs not in common use yet? What cases can be the added cost justified in?
15. Look through the text Metal Matrix Composite again. Choose the keywords and write a short abstract (no more than 100 words).
Unit II Nanochemistry
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary.
nanostructure – наноструктура
nanoscale(adj) – наноразмерный; (n) - наномасштаб
nanometer – миллимикрон, нанометр, нм
multilayer – многослойный
pattern – образец, рисунок
enhance – усилить, улучшить
assemble – собирать, составлять, объединять
assembly – область формирования, комплект, сборная система
consolidate – объединять, сращивать, сводить
control(v) – управлять, регулировать; (n) – управление, проверка, контрольный образец
exhibit – проявлять, продемонстрировать
conglomerate – смесь разнородных элементов; (v) – превращать и слитную массу, скапливать, собирать; (adj) – собранный, соединенный
anneal – прокаливать, отжигать; (n) – отжиг
incorporate – включать/встраивать в структуру, присоединять
deliver – транспорт; (v) - доставлять
2. Give English equivalents to the following word-combinations:
to control matter on the atomic scale, atomic-level control, molecular self-assembly, to assemble single molecules into supramolecular assemblies, to exhibit at the nanoscale, incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles, surface phenomena, untraceable weapons, the principle of molecular recognition, to manipulate individual atoms.
3. Read and translate the article. Choose the best title from those given below:
a)Fundamentals of Nanochemistry
b) Nanochemistry
c) Nanochemistry. Prospects and Problems.
1. In general nanotechnology is very diverse. It ranges from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to investigating whether we can directly control matter on the atomic scale.
2. The first use of the concepts found in “nano-technology” was in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom", by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959. Feynman described a process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed, using one set of precise tools to build and operate another proportionally smaller set, and so on down to the needed scale.
3. Modern synthetic chemistry has reached the point where it is possible to prepare small molecules to almost any structure. These methods are used today to manufacture a wide variety of useful chemicals such as pharmaceuticals or commercial polymers. This ability raises the question of extending this kind of control to the next-larger level, seeking methods to assemble these single molecules into supramolecular assemblies consisting of many molecules arranged in a well defined manner.
4. Two main approaches are used in nanotechnology. In the "bottom-up" approach, materials and devices are built from molecular components which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition. In the "top-down" approach, nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control.
5. Materials reduced to the nanoscale can show different properties compared to what they exhibit on a macroscale, enabling unique applications. For instance, opaque substances become transparent (copper); stable materials turn combustible (aluminum); insoluble materials become soluble (gold). A material such as gold, which is chemically inert at normal scales, can serve as a potent chemical catalyst at nanoscales. Much of the fascination with nanotechnology stems from these quantum and surface phenomena that matter exhibits at the nanoscale.
6. Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics. Development of applications of incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles is expected to be used in the next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and biological imaging; see quantum dots.
7. There has been much debate on the future implications of nanotechnology as a whole. Certainly, nanochemistry may be able to create many new materials and devices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics, biomaterials and energy production. On the other hand, nanochemistry raises many of the same issues as with any introduction of new technology, including concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials and their potential effects on global economics, as well as speculation about various doomsday scenarios.
8. There are possible dangers that arise with the development of nanochemistry. The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology suggests that new developments could result, among other things, in untraceable weapons of mass destruction, networked cameras for use by the government, and weapons developments fast enough to destabilize arms races ("Nanotechnology Basics").