10. Read and translate the short fragments which were not included in the presentation. Look through the text of presentation again and unite each fragment with the appropriate part of presentation.

1. In addition, as soon as the fiber solidifies upon evaporation of the solvent during electrospinning, reagglomeration of nanopartides is effectively suppressed; thus, a resulting nanocomposite incorporates uniformly dispersed, size-confined nanopartides.

2. Diamond- containing electrospun fibers could be used for biomedical applications such as wound dressings, cell growth scaffolds, sensing, and drug delivery systems, as well as in smart and UV-protecting clothing.

3. Thus, as you’ve seen, polymer nano- and microfibers containing high loadings of 5 nm diamond particles (up to 80 wt % in polyacrylonitrile and 40% in polyamide-11) have been demonstrated using electrospun nanofibers as a delivery vehicle.

4. The electrospun nanofibers with a high load of nanodiamond in the polymers were fused into thin transparent films, which had high mechanical properties; an improvement of 4 times for the Young's modulus and 2 times for the hardness was observed already at 20% nanodiamond in polyamide-11.

5. As a powder, ND could be introduced into fibers, coatings, or other shapes to harness its useful properties.

9. Make your own presentation. Then look through it again and answer the questions concerning:

I. Individual Component and Originality

● Does the title accurately describe the subject?

●Does the introduction provide adequate background, context and justification?

● Does the introduction concisely state the objectives and motivate interest?

● Are there any unique or innovative methods, concepts, result or their interpretations?

II. Content

● Structure and organization: Is there a logical development from the purpose through the methods, analysis, and conclusions? Is this comprehensible to an observer not engaged in this work?

● Does your presentation concisely describe the essence of the research, summarize the results and state the conclusion?

● Are methods clearly described with appropriate detail?

● Technical Merit: Do the results agree with your interpretation?

● Analytical Merit: Are the study design and analysis methods appropriate?

III. Visual Aids

● Are all the slides (graphs, tables, diagrams, etc.) visually easy to see and understand?

● Are the slides (graphs, tables, diagrams, etc.) overloaded with information/figures or perfectly designed?

Unit II Academic Writing

1. Read the text of writing an abstract and answer the following questions.

1. Why did an abstract become one of the most important things in the scientific society?

2. For what purpose do you write an abstract?

3. What do readers expect from your abstract?

4. What logical sections should an abstract include?

Writing an Abstract

There are many journals and issues, critically discussing neoteric developments in all the major disciplines of science and technology. Since on-line search databases typically contain only abstracts, it is vital to write a complete but concise description of your work to entice potential readers into obtaining a copy of the full paper. Moreover the use of on-line publication databases is prevalent, writing a really good abstract has become even more important than it was a decade ago. Despite the fact that an abstract is quite brief, it must do almost as much work as the multi-page paper that follows it. An abstract gives the reader a «preview» of what's to come as well as possibility to scan quickly the large scientific source of literature.

An abstract must be a fully self-contained, capsule description of the paper. It can't assume (or attempt to provoke) the reader into flipping through looking for an explanation of what is meant by some vague statement. It must make sense all by itself. Nevertheless, it should in most cases include certain sections. Each section is typically a single sentence, although there is room for creativity. In particular, the parts may be merged or spread among a set of sentences. Typically, an informative abstract answers these questions:

• Why did you do this study or project? (Motivation and Problem Statement)

• What did you do, and how? (Subject of Research and Methodology)

• What did you find? (Results)

• What do your findings mean? (Conclusion)

If the paper is about a new method, apparatus or a material the last two questions might be changed to

• What are the advantages (of the method or apparatus)?

• What is the significance of the technique/material proposed?

• How well does it work?

2. To write an abstract you are to meet the following technical requirements and commonly-accepted structure. Learn the information bellow and use the following as a checklist for your next abstract.

How to Write an Abstract

● Meet the word count limitation. An abstract word limit of 150 to 300 words is common (depends on the requirements of Organization Committee). Your abstract should be one paragraph, which summarizes problem statement, the purpose, methodology, results and conclusions of a paper.

● Most publications request keywords (usually no more than 8 words). These have two purposes. They are used to facilitate keyword index searches and assign papers to review committees or editors, which can be extremely important to your success.

● Problem statement: What problem are you trying to solve? What is the scope of your research (a generalized approach, or for a specific situation)? First, introduce the general topic of the article, then explain the exact research problem.

● Purposes: This section should include clear cut statement, concerning the main target and the impact it might have if succeeded.

● Methods and techniques: What approaches have you chosen to make progress on the problem? Did you use analytical models, prototype construction, or analysis of field data for an actual phenomenon or a product? What important variables did you control, ignore, or measure?

● Results are usually dominated by calculations, tables and graphs, however you still need to state all significant results. Paraphrase, try to foreshorten the information or choose the most significant results to be mentioned.

● Conclusion can be very short. Simply state what you know/recommend/conclude now for sure, as a result of your research.