1. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст

Text 6

Living at University and Training

Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests.

British students do not have to pay to go to university, but do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant (money) from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant, parents pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, food, books, transport and socializing. In fact, the grant is not a lot of money.

Students used to work¹ during the holidays to earn more money, but it is now difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are dropping out, failing to finish their courses.

Not all students study full-time² at university or college. Many people combine their studies with work. Some companies release their staff for training one or two days a week or for two months a year. Large companies often have their own in-house training schemes.

The British government is very enthusiastic about such training schemes, in particular because so few people go to university.

If you are unemployed, there are two forms of training schemes: employment training for people who have been out of work for a long time and Youth Training Schemes for school leavers who cannot find a job.

Notes

¹ used to work работали

² full-time на очном отделении

Words

choose (chose, chosen) выбирать

independent независимый

develop развивать

pay (paid) платить

earn зарабатывать

authority власть

borrow занимать; заимствовать

rent арендная плата; квартирная плата; рента

fail потерпеть неудачу; провалиться (на экзаменах)

release освобождать

youth молодежь

Грамматика Пассивный (страдательный) залог

(The Passive Voice)

Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в форме активного (действительного) залога.

I askeda lot of questions.Я задал много вопросов.

We invitedthem to the conference. Мы пригласили их на конференцию.

Если же подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол употребляется в форме пассивного (страдательного) залога.

I was askeda lot of questions. Мне задали много вопросов.

We were invitedto the conference. Нас пригласили на конференцию.

Глаголы в пассивном залоге имеют вид:

be + V₃ (Participle II)

2. Определите, какие из перечисленных ниже глаголов даны в форме пассивного залога.

1. was translated 9. will have been completed

2. had been done 10.had come

3. received 11.had been given

4. has developed 12.will have finished

5. will be discussed 13.were being written

6. will become 14.has been working

7. were doing 15.intends

8. were done 16.had been doing

Время, в котором стоит глагол в пассивном залоге, определяется только по форме вспомогательного глагола to be, смысловой же глагол во всех временах имеет одну и ту же форму – Participle II.

	Indefinite be + V3	Continuous be + being + V3	Perfect have + been + V3
Present	am is asked are	am is beingasked are	have been asked has
Past	was asked were	was being asked were	had been asked
Future	will be asked	_	will have been asked