Vocabulary practice

1. Explain these headlines in your own words.

Minister to quit Germany backs US plan

Government cuts spending on new hospitals Ministers in tax row

New bid to cut teenage smoking Police discover key witness

Bad weather hits farmers Japan and US enter fresh talks

2. You are watching TV with a friend. What could you say in each of the situations below? Check the example first.

Example: You want to watch a program on TV. Could you turn the TV on?

1. You can’t hear the program very well. Could you ………………………………………. ?

2. You want to watch a different program. Could you …………………………………….. ?

3. Now it’s too loud for you. Could you …………………………………………………… ?

4. You don’t want to watch any more. Could you …………………………………………. ?

3. Complete these phone conversations.

Sally:333091

Jane: Hello. ……… Jane here. Can I ………… To martin, please.

Sally:I’m ………… , he’s at work …………… the moment. Can I ………… a message?

Jane:It’s all right. I’ll ……………… back alter.

Sally:OK, then. Bye.

Jane:Bye.

*****

A:Good morning. Smith Limited. Can I help you?

B: Yes. …………… Paul Mathews and I’m trying to contact Mr. Patterson. He actually left a ……………… on my answer phone yesterday afternoon.

A: I see. Well, I’m afraid Mr. Patterson’s …………… at the moment. Can I ask him to ………………. later?

B:Yes, please. I shall be here until lunchtime. My ……………. is 748 7267.

4. Answer these questions.

1. Which is the quickest – a phone call, a fax, an e-mail or a letter?

2. Which is the cheapest – a phone call, a fax, an e-mail or a letter?

3. Have you sent all of these – a letter, a fax and an e-mail? Have you received all of them?

4. Which is your favorite way of communicating with a friend?

5. Which is your favorite way of business communication?

5. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

Outputs, input, processes, receive, send, retrieves, saves

Data is …………… in a computer. A computer …………… this data under the control of a program. A computer …………… information. A computer …………… this data or information for later use on disk. A computer …………… the saved data or information whenever needed. If equipped with a modem and if it is connected to a telephone line, the computer may …………… information to other computers through telecommunication systems. If equipped with a modem and if it is connected to a telephone line, the computer may …………… information from other computers through telecommunication systems.

6. Read the statements below. Write True / False in the blank.

T / F	Do not use the computer during a storm.
	Spray your computer with household cleanser to keep it clean.
	Spilling liquids on your computer won’t hurt it.
	Keeping your computer dust-free can help it last longer.
	Your mouse should never need cleaning.
	It won’t hurt to eat a peanut butter and jelly sandwich while using the computer.
	Downloading from Internet sites could expose your computer to dangerous viruses.
	Surge protectors can help guard against lighting, but may not be complete protection.
	You should remove the computer cover monthly to clean inside.
	Opening an e-mail attachment could download a virus into your computer system.
	Canned air can be used to clean your computer keyboard.

7. Rank the following inventions in order of importance and give your reasons why they are important to society.

Invention	Rank	Reason
bar code
microchip
mobile phone
ink pen
internet
plastic
antibiotics

8. Do you use the latest inventions? In what areas do they make your lives easier and safer? Where are security cameras mostly used? Why? Read the text and find out at least three places where cameras are used.

Cameras

One of the latest technological developments is cameras, which have been used for many

years, especially to fight against crime. First, cameras have started to be installed in public places

such as car parks and shopping centers where the number of the staff isn’t enough to prevent theft. Recent surveys have shown that theft has decreased in the places where cameras are installed.

Cameras have also been used in schools, colleges and office lifts to prevent the theft of valuable equipment such as computers. Secondly, cameras are helpful in preventing hooligans from spoiling the pleasure of the majority at some social events like football matches. They film people at large sporting events so it is easy to distinguish the people who are hooligans. Finally, cameras are used outside our houses as it is a good way of catching thieves. To conclude, it is possible to reduce crime and feel more secure by means of cameras.

a. Decide if the following statements are T (True) / F (False).

1. Cameras have just started to be used against crime.

2. There has been a fall in theft, thanks to cameras.

3. It is not possible to identify hooligans by using cameras.

4. People prefer to use cameras outside their houses for burglars.

5. Technology helps us to feel more secure in our daily lives.

b. Write the reasons why cameras are installed in the places mentioned.

Places with cameras installed	Reason
schools, colleges and office lifts
football fields
outside our houses

c. Match the situations with the best explanations.

1. Ali didn’t get a high mark for his homework.	a) It might be the only means of transport he knows.
2. She got very tired while cleaning the house.	b) The house could have been very dirty.
3. He took photos with his mobile phone.	c) It should have been done more carefully.
4. I think he will come here by the underground.	d) They should be paying a large bill.
5. They are paying a lot for the central heating.	e) It might have had a camera.

9. Read the article and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Servants of our century – Robots

In the past, there (1) .............. (be) thousands of servants in great empires like ancient Rome, Egypt or Greece. There were slaves doing all the work for their masters and mistresses so rich people (2) .................. (spend) their time for travel, sports, leisure activities and education.

Today the slaves (3) ................ (not be) human – they are machines which (4) .................. (call) ‘robots’. The word ‘robot’ (5) .................... (come) from Czechoslovakia. They are machines which can be (6) ..................... (teach) or programmed to do useful work. They mostly (7) ................... (work) in factories, especially on production lines. That’s where something like a TV or a car is put together piece by piece. For years, this work (8) ................ (be) very boring and tiring for human workers.

Today’s robots (9) .................... (be) more intelligent than ever before. They may even have mini TV cameras which (10) ................ (make) them able to see. In the future, they (11) ................. (be able to / work) at homes, offices, shops almost anywhere. Since they were invented, they (12) ................. (also / do) other jobs apart from working on production lines. They can help to defuse bombs, work underground helping to find metals and minerals, control flying weapons, take photos and collect rocks on planets like the Mars without risking human life. Robots (13) .................. (also / work) under the sea as robot divers and submarines to repair oil-rigs and find wrecks. Robots are clever but still not clever enough to do some tasks like washing the dishes, making beds, cleaning floor or cutting grass. But it is a fact that robots will help to create a leisure society for the next generation and they may increase unemployment. So this (14) ................... (depend) on us. Only we can decide whether we control the robots or they (15) ................... (control) us.

• What do you think is the most important invention of our time?

• Would you feel comfortable with a robot inside your house? If so, why / why not?

10. Read each of the following statements indicating your response by checking “I agree” / “I disagree”. Try to give your reasons.

Statement	I agree	I disagree
Technological advances make life better for everyone.
It’s important for adults to find out where their children are going online and who they are talking.
Computer technology makes finding information faster and easier.
If people let machines do too much for them, eventually people will no longer be able to do things for themselves.
Children should be given more freedom in deciding what they do online.
It is dangerous to place too much faith in technology.
It is impossible to become addicted to the Internet.
Children who play computer games often believe that the violent games they play portray life as it actually is.
Most teenagers are online too much.
Those who worry about the negative effects of technology should think about the modern conveniences available today.
Adults too often use the computer games as a kind of babysitter for their children.
Having the latest technology is important to success.

HUMOUR TIME

How do you stop your laptop batteries from running out?

Hide their trainers.

*****

Computer programmers never die, they just get lost in the processing.

*****

An elephant is a mouse with an operating system.

*****

“Do you turn on your computer with your left hand or your right hand?” “My right hand.” “Amazing! Most people have to use the on / off switch.”

*****

A customer called to complain that his keyboard no longer worked. He had cleaned it by filling up his tub with soap and water and soaking the keyboard for a day, then he removed all the keys and washed them individually.

*****

Computers manufacturer is considering changing the command “Press Any Key” to “Press Return Key” because of the flood of calls asking where the “Any” key is.

*****

Does your mum like shopping on the Internet? No, the trolley keeps rolling off the top of the computer.

*****

Have you seen www.amnesia.com? Sorry, I just can’t remember.

LESSON 7

Shops and Shopping

The quickest way to know a woman is to go shopping with her.

I’ve been shopping all my life and still have nothing to wear.

People seldom notice old clothes if you wear a big smile.

When in doubt, wear red.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

1. General	1. Загальна лексика
shop (Am. store) / shopping mall / department store / market	магазин / торговий центр / універмаг / ринок
to do one’s shopping / to go shopping	ходити за покупками / по магазинах
shop-window / to do window-shopping	вітрина/розглядати вітрини
to stand (stood; stood) in a line / to queue(d)	стояти в черзі
customer (shopper, buyer) / consumer	покупець / споживач
(consumer) goods	(споживчі) товари
salesman (saleswoman) / shop assistant / seller	продавець
counter / cash-desk	прилавок / каса
to sell (sold; sold) / to buy (bought; bought) / to cost (cost; cost)	продавати / купувати / коштувати
to attend(ed), to serve(d)	обслуговувати
wire basket / shopping trolley (Am. shopping cart)	кошик для покупок / візок для покупок
price / sale / bargain / discount	ціна/розпродаж / вигідна покупка / знижка
cheap / expensive, dear	дешевий / дорогий
fitting room	примірочна
to try(ied) smth on	приміряти щось
to fit(ted) / to suit(ed) / to match(ed)	гарно сидіти / личити / пасувати (про одяг)
to take (took; taken) size … / to wear (wore; worn) shoes size …	носити … розмір / носити … розмір взуття
up-to-date / stylish, trendy	сучасний / модний
How much is it? / What does it cost? / What’s the price of …? / What price is this?	Скільки це коштує?
2. Ready-made clothes	2. Готовий одяг
Men’s fashion	Чоловічій одяг
shirt / T-shirt / waistcoat	сорочка / теніска(футболка) /жилет
trousers / jeans / briefs (trunks)	брюки / джинси / труси
suit / tailored suit	костюм / костюм, пошитий на замовлення
cardigan / sweater / jumper / pull-over	кардиган / светр / джемпер / пуловер
coat / feather jacket / wind breaker	пальто / пуховик / куртка
socks / tie	шкарпетки / краватка
Ladies’ fashion	Жіночий одяг
blouse / skirt / dress / dressing gown / costume	блузка / спідниця / сукня / халат / костюм
fur-coat / fur-jacket / sheep-skin	шуба / кожушок / дублянка
lingerie / bra (brasserie) / panty briefs / bikini briefs / vest	нижня білизна / бюстгальтер / труси / труси-бікіні / майка
tights (panty-hose) / stockings / knee-high stockings	колготки / панчохи / гольфи (жіночі)
3. Footwear	3. Взуття
heels / low heels / high-heeled shoes / flats (pumps)	підбори / взуття на низькому підборі / на високому / туфлі “лодочки”, без підбора
stiletto heels / patent shoes	взуття на “шпильці” / лаковане взуття
trainers / sandals / slippers	кеди / босоніжки / капці
shoe horn / shoe polish	ріжок для взуття / крем для чищення взуття
4. Fabrics / Textiles	4. Тканини
embroidery / lace	вишивка / мереживо
silk (natural, artificial) / linen / satin	шовк (натуральний, штучний) / льон / атлас
tweed / woolen / cotton	твід /вовна / бавовна
nylon / velvet / cotton velvet	нейлон / бархат / вельвет
leather / suede / leatherette (dermateen)	шкіра / замша / штучна шкіра
5. Departments	5. Відділи
Аntique shop / Art shop / Bookseller’s (bookshop) / China shop	антикварний магазин / мистецька крамниця / книжковий магазин / магазин “Фаянс”
Dress shop (Women’s outfitters) / Men’s outfitter / Underwear	магазин жіночого одягу / магазин чоловічого одягу / нижня (спідня) білизна
Hosiery / Knitted goods (wear) / Linen	панчішно-шкарпеткові вироби / трикотажні вироби / постільна і столова білизна
Florist’s (flower shop) / Furniture shop	магазин квітів / магазин меблів
Haberdasher’s (haberdashery) / Household goods	галантерейний магазин / господарчі товари
Jeweler’s (jewellery) / Perfumery (Cosmetics)	ювелірний магазин / парфумерія
Newsagent’s / Stationer’s (Am. stationery)	періодичні видання / канцелярські товари
Sports shop / Toy shop / Chemist’s	магазин спортивних товарів / магазин іграшок/ аптека
Grocery / Greengrocery / Bakery / Butchery / Dairy	бакалія (продуктовий магазин) / овочевий магазин / хлібний / м’ясна крамниця/ молочний магазин