Займенник

(The Pronoun)

Особові займенники

(Personal Pronouns)

Особові займенники в англійській мові мають граматичні категорії особи, відмінка, числа і (в третій особі однини) роду.

Особа Person	Називний відмінок The Nominative case		Об'єктний відмінок The Objective case
	Функція: підмет The Subject		Функція: додаток The Object
	Однина	Множина	Однина	Множина
	Singular	Plural	Sing ular	Plural
І	І — я	we — ми	me — мене, мені	us — нас, нам
II	you — ти	you — ви	you — тебе, тобі	you — вас, вам
III	he — він she — вона it — воно	they — вони	him — його, йому	them — їх, їм
			her — її, їй
			it — його, йому, її, їй

Використання особових займенників

(Usage of Personal Pronouns)

Функції Functions	Називний відмінок The Nominative Case	Об’єктний відмінок The Objective Case
● Підмета	I was very tired yesterday.
● предикатива (іменної частини іменного складеного присудка)	Who’s that? — It’s I. It’s me (him, her) – в розмовній мові	It’s him who did it?
● прямого, не прямого чи прийменникового додатка.		Do you know her? What do I need to take with me?
● обставини		The ball fell behind them.

Remember: Займенник it може:

• вживатися у функції підмета – e.g. It snows heavily in winter.

• бути в безособових реченнях у значенні вказівного займенника – e.g. It is a well-known person.

• відноситись до попереднього висловлення – e.g. What about going to the seaside? – Oh! It’s not a bad idea!

Exercises

I. Find the personal pronouns. State their case and function.

I had not noticed the man sitting beside me on the bus until he addressed me.

“Excuse me, sir,” he said, “but is my face familiar to you by any chance?”

I turned and studied his lineaments for a second or two. His features were not altogether prepossessing, and it was with some relief that I was able to assure him that he was an entire stranger to me.

He did not seem at all, surprised.

“It was just a chance, “ he said, you see, sir, I am under the disadvantage of not knowing who I am”.

I murmured my sympathy.

(An extract from “The Sad Story of a lost Memory” by F.R. Barrat).

ІI. Insert personal pronouns in the necessary case.

1. But mother was not listening. … continued feverishly to put curls in her hair.

2. If I see Pete, I’ll ask … to call you.

3. Yesterday the Smiths discussed the film that … saw some days ago. … was very interesting and funny.

4. When we entered the classroom the teacher asked … to clean the blackboard and air the room.

5. “Hello, Ann! How are …?” – “ … am OK. Thank …”

6. Let … introduce myself.

7. It is … who wrote the letter.

8. In front of the building was a large yard with a series of petrol pumps in ….

9. By late afternoon … were exhausted.

10. Have … ever been to London?

11. She’s older than … am? But I’m taller than … .

12. Look! … is your friend!