- •Chapter 1
- •Text 1 Metals in Perspective
- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3 Focus on Grammar
- •Articles
- •Text 2
- •Hephaestus
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Oral Practice
- •Unit 2 Text 1
- •The Importance of Iron and Advent of Steel
- •Task 1
- •Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •The sooner you finish this work,the better it will be for you.
- •Text 2
- •Some of the Great Names in the History of Metallurgy
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Unit 3 Text 1
- •Iron in the Middle Ages
- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •The Coming of the Vikings
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 4 Text 1
- •Iron - Smelting without Charcoal
- •The First Blast Furnaces
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2.
- •Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Indefinite and Distributive Adjectives and Pronouns
- •Text 2
- •The Crusades
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Oral Practice
- •Chapter 2
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Present Perfect And Perfect Continuous
- •This tense is used for an action which began in the past and is still continuing (usually with for and since):
- •Я жду уже целый час, а он еще не пришел.
- •Exercise 1.Translate into Russian. Comment on the use of Tenses.
- •Text 2
- •A Tight Little Island
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Supermarket sweets handcream
- •Unit 2
- •Text 1 More Progress in Steel Production
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Lincoln
- •Directions
- •Prepositions
- •Unit 3 Text 1 Steel Production in Sheffield
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •The blast furnace
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2.
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Student Grants
- •Unit 4 Text 1 The British Steel Industry Today
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Merry Christmas! Поздравляю с Рождеством
- •Is your writing narrow?
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 British Customs and Traditions
- •April Fools’ Day
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •The Mount Everest is8,848 metreshigh.
- •Unit 2 Text 1 Precious Metals
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Land and Climate
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Inviting. Eating out.
- •Unit 3 Text 1 The Alchemists
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •New York
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 4 Text 1 Silverware and Plate Industry
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 The us Government
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Chapter 4
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Simple to give to be given
- •Text 2 Results of Immigration
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 2 Text 1 Basic Metallurgy of Cast Iron
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Listening Comprehension
- •Task 4. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Education
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 3 Text 1 Alloy Steels
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •The us Customs and Traditions Thanksgiving Day
- •Information Letter. Going on a Business Trip
- •Unit 4 Text 1
- •Aluminum
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •American English
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
Practise after the speaker and learn to pronounce the words given below.
source /so:s/; mightiest /’maitiist/; area / ri /; synonymous /si’nonims/;
crucible /’kru:sibl/; unequalled / /\ n’i:kw ld/; uniformity / ju:ni’fo:miti/;
revolutionised / rev‘lu: naizd/; percentage /p ‘sentij /; phosphorus /’fosfrs/; legacy /’legsi/; frequency /’fri:kwnsi/.
Task 2. Lexical Exercises
Exercise 1. Find the English equivalents for the following words and
word-combinations given below. Use them in the sentences
of your own.
источник; главная движущая сила; местоположение; острый режущий инструмент; преимущество; доступ к; мастерство; легированная сталь; отличительная характеристика; сталь с низким содержанием углерода; строительная сталь; нержавеющая сталь; жаропрочная сталь; сплав; удешевить производство; основатели сталелитейной промышленности; высокочастотный нагрев; низкокачественная плавка; термическая обработка.
Exercise 2. Match the English words and word-combinations given below
with their Russian equivalents.
1. a steelmaking centre 1. тигельная сталь
2. abundant supply 2. необработанная сталь
3. water power 3. одинаково высокое качество
4. crucible steel 4. штамповая сталь
5. uniformity of quality 5. определенная гарантия качества
6. a certain guarantee of quality 6. постоянный магнит
7. bulk steel 7. неограниченный запас
8. die steel 8. путем проб и ошибок
9. permanent magnet 9. мягкая (малоуглеродистая) сталь
10. by means of trial and error 10. водяная энергия
11. mild steel 11. центр сталелитейного производства
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
1. Why did Sheffield become a steelmaking centre? 2. When did the modern steel industry begin? 3. What types of steel were produced in Sheffield? 4. Which processes of steel-making were first introduced in Sheffield? 5. How can the Siemens-Martin process be described?
Exercise 4. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each
sentence.
1. Such men as Bessemer, Siemens and Mushet were . . . the steel material.
a) improving b) discovering c) introducing
2. Only comparatively small . . . of the steel could be melted at one time in the first crucibles.
a) numbers b) quantities c) amounts
3. Bessemer’s converter was the first major . . . after Huntsman’s crucible.
a) discovery b) invention c) innovation
4. South Yorkshire used to give the . . . supply of coal.
a) great b) rich c) abundant
5. Bessemer’s process helped to burn . . . all the carbon.
a) out b) in c) up
6. South Wales - . . . near the sea was convenient for the importation of Spanish ore.
a) located b) present c) accomodated
7. Almost all important discoveries were made by means of trial and . . .
a) mistakes b) fault c) error
Exercise 5. Word-building: A compound noun is a combination of two or more nouns.
They are frequently used in scientific writing. Here are some
examples of compound words. Find more compound words
in the text. Work out the rule of their formation and use
them in the sentences of your own. Pay attention to their
meaning.
1. silver - серебро; silver-coloured - серебристый;
silversmith - серебряных дел мастер; silver-work - изделие из серебра
2. water - вода; water-cooler - радиатор; water-engine - гидравлическая
машина; waterfall - водопад.
Exercise 6. Change each of these phrases into a compound noun.
reaction of chemicals 5. pressure of gas
pump for fuel 6. density of gas
processor of words 7. compression of air
rain that contains acid 8. pollution of the air
Exercise 7. More about word-building. A knowledge of prefixes and their meanings can help you to enlarge your vocabulary. Once you know what a particular prefix means, you have a clue to the meaning of every word beginning with that prefix. English prefixes come mainly from Old English (Anglo-Saxon), Latin and Ancient Greek.
1. fore- = before, beforehand, front
For example: foreword = preface, introduction (предисловие, вступление)
foremost = standing at the front; most advanced; leading; chief ( передний, передовой, выдающийся)
foresight = power of seeing beforehand what is going to happen (предвидеть, предугадать)
2. out- = beyond; more than; better than
For example: outlast = to last longer than (продолжаться, продержаться дольше, чем…)
outrun = to run faster than (опередить, обогнать)
outlook = prospect for the future (вид; перспектива; мировоззрение)
over- = too, excessively
For example: oversupply = a great supply (поставлять слишком много; снабжать с избытком)
overconfident = too confident of oneself (самоуверенный)
overestimate = to make too high an estimate (rough calculation) of the worth or size of smb, smth (слишком высокая оценка ч-л, к-л)
Translate at sight:
Joe overestimated the capacity of the new equipment. 2. The output of the factory is slowly increasing. 3.Yesterday I mislaid my bag and it took me about an hour to find it.
Harry’s bad test overshadowed his good work during the last month. 5.We have a shortage of good engineers but an oversupply of unskilled workers. 6.An overdose of this medicine can be dangerous. 7. Sherlock Holmes managed to outwit the cleverest criminals.
Exercise 8. Give a written translation of the following passage.