- •Chapter 1
- •Text 1 Metals in Perspective
- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3 Focus on Grammar
- •Articles
- •Text 2
- •Hephaestus
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Oral Practice
- •Unit 2 Text 1
- •The Importance of Iron and Advent of Steel
- •Task 1
- •Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •The sooner you finish this work,the better it will be for you.
- •Text 2
- •Some of the Great Names in the History of Metallurgy
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Unit 3 Text 1
- •Iron in the Middle Ages
- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •The Coming of the Vikings
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 4 Text 1
- •Iron - Smelting without Charcoal
- •The First Blast Furnaces
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2.
- •Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Indefinite and Distributive Adjectives and Pronouns
- •Text 2
- •The Crusades
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Oral Practice
- •Chapter 2
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Present Perfect And Perfect Continuous
- •This tense is used for an action which began in the past and is still continuing (usually with for and since):
- •Я жду уже целый час, а он еще не пришел.
- •Exercise 1.Translate into Russian. Comment on the use of Tenses.
- •Text 2
- •A Tight Little Island
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Supermarket sweets handcream
- •Unit 2
- •Text 1 More Progress in Steel Production
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Lincoln
- •Directions
- •Prepositions
- •Unit 3 Text 1 Steel Production in Sheffield
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •The blast furnace
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2.
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Student Grants
- •Unit 4 Text 1 The British Steel Industry Today
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Merry Christmas! Поздравляю с Рождеством
- •Is your writing narrow?
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 British Customs and Traditions
- •April Fools’ Day
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •The Mount Everest is8,848 metreshigh.
- •Unit 2 Text 1 Precious Metals
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Land and Climate
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Inviting. Eating out.
- •Unit 3 Text 1 The Alchemists
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •New York
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 4 Text 1 Silverware and Plate Industry
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 The us Government
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Chapter 4
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Simple to give to be given
- •Text 2 Results of Immigration
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 2 Text 1 Basic Metallurgy of Cast Iron
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Listening Comprehension
- •Task 4. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •Education
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 3 Text 1 Alloy Steels
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •The us Customs and Traditions Thanksgiving Day
- •Information Letter. Going on a Business Trip
- •Unit 4 Text 1
- •Aluminum
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2
- •American English
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
Information Letter. Going on a Business Trip
Mr Petrov
General Director
Beta Ltd
Dear Mr Petrov
I would like to inform you that a delegation from our company of two people will arrive in Moscow in the end of October.
I would be grateful if you could arrange their visit to some of the development laboratories to see the equipment in operation.
I thank you in advance for your cooperation.
Yours faithfully
Christian Baker
Note! No abbreviations can be used in business letter.
Chris - Do you like the idea of taking a month’s trip to Moscow?
Susan - What? You are kidding!
Chris - No. First of all I must say it will be a business trip.
The company wants us to visit some of our operations.
Susan - You mean we’ll have meetings about the new computer we are
developing?
Chris - Yes, one of the development laboratories is in Moscow.
The company has got an office there.
Susan - Is it a joint venture?
Chris - Yes, it is.
Susan - It’ll be very exciting.
Exercise 1. Write an information letter about your arrival in London.
You are coming to get acquianted with a new line of
metallurgical equipment. Discuss the business trip with
your colleague.
Exercise 2. Telephone you English colleagues and make all necessary
appointments. Use the patterns from the previous units.
not to be in the office for a moment; to leave a message for smb; to phone back; to connect with; to make an appointment; could you put me through to smb; I’m sorry; I am fully booked for that day; could you come over to the office tomorrow; can I confirm the appointment; would it be too much to ask you to arrange a trip to?; I’m sorry he is in a conference now; etc.
Unit 4 Text 1
Aluminum
Aluminium is the most common metal on Earth. It occurs naturally in many different kinds of rocks. But most of the aluminium we use is extracted from an ore called bauxite, which is formed over long periods by the weathering of rocks containing aluminium silicates (aluminium, silicon and oxygen).
Aluminium is extracted from bauxite by the Bayer process and electrolysis. In the Bayer process, bauxite is mixed with caustic soda and heated. This produces sugar-like crystals of pure aluminium oxide. These are dissolved in molten sodium aluminium fluoride, called cryolite. Electrolysis is then used to split up the aluminium and oxygen.
In 1886 two chemists independently discovered how to extract aluminium using electricity. Their discovery reduced the price of aluminium to a fraction of the price of silver in four years. The two chemists were Charles Martin Hall (1863 - 1914), a student at Oberlin College in the USA, and P.L.T. Heroult (1863 - 1914), a young chemist working in France. By coincidence, they were not only the same age when they made their discovery, but also died within eight months of each other.
Before this, the metal was much more expensive than silver and gold. The Emperor of France, Napoleon III, for example, used aluminium plates to impress the most important guests. Today we use aluminium foil to wrap food because it is so cheap.
Aluminium is also durable, light and a good conductor of electricity. It is used to protect metals against corroding because when the surface of aluminium reacts with oxygen in the air, a thick coating of aluminium oxide forms that seals a metal from the air. It is also used to make parts for planes, cars, and lorries, to make electric cables.