виконувати функції, аналогічні функціям державного управління, створити сприятливі умови для власного збагачення.

Відомо, що структура організованих злочинних формувань є складною та багатогрaнною, в них добре налагоджено певні правила поведінки, розподілено ролі учасників, які дотримуються правила конспірації.

За даними МВС України продовж останніх 5-ти років в Україні ліквідовано майже 1200 злочинних угруповань.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

The Participle

The Numeral

Ex. 1. Give three forms of the verbs:

to act – acted – acted

to drive – drove – driven

to get, to kill, to go, to leave, to launder, to buy, to choose, to book, to take, to begin, to fight, to forgive, to win, to shoot, to pay, to lose, to understand, to derive.

Ex. 2. Form Participle I of the following verbs. Translate them:

to read – reading -читати – читаючи ; той, що читає to walk – walking – іти – ідучи ; той, що іде

to kill, to answer, to begin, to break, to run, to train, to drive, to do, to go, to investigate, to legalize, to tend, to wash, to describe.

Ex. 3. Translate into English:

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1.а) Професор, який заходить в аудиторію … б) Заходячи в аудиторію, професор …

2.а) Чоловік, який купує газету… б) Купуючи газету, чоловік…

3.а) Слідчий, що розслідує справу… б) Розслідуючи цю справу, слідчий…

4.а) Сержант, який виконує свій обов‘язок… б) Виконуючи свій обов‘язок, сержант…

5.а) Викладач, який показує цей примірник… б) Показуючи цей примірник, викладач…

Ex. 4. Form Participle II of the following verbs. Translate them: to write – written – писaти – написаний

To ask, to bring, to buy, to do, to investigate, to leave, to prepare, to send, to show, to stop, to wash, to deliver.

Ex. 5. Translate the following participles :

asking – asked, giving – given, preparing – prepared, bringing – brought, investigating – investigated, legalising – legalised, investing – invested,

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delimiting – delimited, washing – washed, blowing up – blown up, killing

– killed.

Ex. 6. Translate the sentences. Underline the participle phrases:

1.The ideology and rules of criminal class do not correspond to the laws established by society.

2.Penetrating into the structures of the official economy organized crime succeeds in legalizing criminal capital.

3.The primary tool of corruption is money offered as a direct bribe, kickback or payoff.

4.Threatening by personal injury or property damage the racket systematically extorts money from private entrepreneurs.

5.Criminals often try to intimidate the public and exert influence on the organs of the state committing terrorist actions.

6.Criminal syndicates organized to get illegal profits resort to illicit sex, drugs, loansharking and gambling.

7.The gambling business which is the most convenient way of washing illegally acquired capital is tending to grow.

8.Forces of law and order will use varied ways of combating criminal structures taking into account the nature of the latter.

Ex.7. Write down the following numerals.

Euro 24,000 twenty four thousand

Euro

TYPES OF DRUGS

Drugs are probably as old as mankind. There have been drugs in practically all civilizations.

A distinction must be made between legal and illegal drugs, depending on the country and culture concerned. Alcohol, for instance, while popular in most parts of the world, is prohibited in many Muslim countries.

Legal drugs in Ukraine - and most Western countries - are caffeine (coffee), nicotine (tobacco) and alcohol (beer, wine, spirits) as well as certain medical tablets which can be obtained without prescription. Certain glues and solvents are likewise misused as drugs,

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especially among 12 to 16-year-olds.

There are four large groups of illegal drugs, three of which are based on plants (hemp, poppy and coca), with the fourth group being synthetic drugs.

Hemp (cannabis) is the raw material for hashish and marihuana. These drugs are mainly smoked mixed with tobacco as «joints». Consumption produces, among other things, hallucinations and mental disorders, and, like alcohol, impairs fitness to drive.

The opium poppy is the base for opium and heroin. Both drugs have been used as pain killers, but they are extremely addictive.

Opium is usually smoked while heroin is injected. Many heroin addicts contract AIDS because they share syringes. Long-term heroin abuse leads to physical breakdown and, eventually, death.

Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the coca bush and is usually snorted. After a brief moment of euphoria, cocaine users suffer, among other things, from hallucinations, panic and persecution mania, which, in turn, often produce aggressiveness.

Crack (cocaine heated together with baking powder) causes addiction right from the beginning.

There are many synthetic drugs, like LSD and ecstasy, and nobody knows what drugs chemists will come up with next. The socalled designer drugs are specially designed variations of illegal drugs. The clandestine manufacturers seek to escape the provisions of the controlled substances acts in the consumers' countries.

Drug addicts who want to get clean often suffer from severe and painful withdrawal symptoms. This is why many rehabilitation schemes are not very successful. As drugs are extremely expensive, «junkies» often turn to crime like theft and burglary to finance their habit. Female addicts frequently «earn» the necessary money through prostitution.

REMEMBER

narcotic

наркотик drug

dope (жарг.

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The effects may be unexpected.

Many drugs sold on the «street» have been mixed with other substances , so users can never be sure what they are getting.

Users can become tolerant to some drugs. This means their bodies have become so used to the drug they need to take more to get the effect they want.

Users may overdose ( take too much for their bodies to handle). With alcohol, heroin, gases, glues and aerosols, an overdose can prove fatal.

WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY

Drugs affect everyone differently. Sometimes people suffer a bad reaction. It’s important to know what to do if you find somebody ill after taking drug.

Amphetamines (speed), cannabis, ecstasy, LSD and magic mushrooms can sometimes make the user feel tense and panicky. If this happens:

Calm them and be reassuring. Try not to panic. Speak in normal voice.

Explain that the feeling will pass.

Encourage them to settle in a quiet, dimly lit room.

If they start breathing very quickly, calm them down and tell them to take long, slow breath.

Heroin, tranquilizers and misuse of gases, glues and aerosols can make the user feel very drowsy. If it happens:

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Calm them and be reassuring. Speak in a low, quiet voice and try not to panic.

Don’t frighten or startle them, or let them exert themselves.

NEVER give coffee to rouse them.

If symptoms persist, place them in recovery position (on the side), so their tongue cannot fall back and prevent breathing.

Don’t hesitate to call the ambulance if they don’t start to become more alert.

EXERCISES

Ex. 1. Guess the meaning of the international words:

civilization, narcotic, alcohol, popular, substance, legal, opium, synthetic, to inject, effect, dose, to concentrate, apathy, physical, rehabilitation, depression, mania, risk, tolerance, intensity, euphoria, normal, function, total, character, action, panic, medical, tablet, hallucination, aggressiveness, symptom.

Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations

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into Ukrainian:

junkie, pain killer, Muslim countries, misuse, to snort, hallucinations and mental disorders, drug addict, the coca bush, hemp, manufacturer, the raw material, the controlled substances act, synthetic drugs, consumer, contract AIDS.

Ex. 3. Match the following adjectives with the nouns and translate the

Ex. 4. Write out the words and expressions with the word “drug” from the text.

Ex .5. Write down the word-families of the following words: addict (v)

Model : addict n addictive addiction

produce; consume; aggressive

Ex. 6. Match English and Ukrainian equivalents:

Ex. 7. Group the following words and wordcombinations into 4 logical groups:

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рanic, caffeine, ecstasy, inject, heroin, smoke, persecution mania, swallow, hashish, medical tablets, LSD, snort, aggressiveness, marihuana, hallucination, nicotine, opium , mental disorder, alcohol.

Ex. 8. Complete the sentences and translate them:

Ex. 9. Give the English equivalents of the following words and wordcombinations:

наркотик, мак, споживач, тютюн та індійські коноплі змішані в одній цигарці, наркоман, психічний розлад, зловживати, закон про наркотичні речовини, лікарські рослини, виробник, вдихати наркотик носом, залежність від наркотиків.

Ex. 10. Translate the words in the box and complete the following sentences:

листя коки, гроші, споживачі наркотиків,боротьба, героїн, кокаін

1.….. is natural product derived from the leaves of the coca plant.

2.The world’s production of …is concentrated in Peru, Colombia and Bolivia.

3.The vast majority of the world’s supply of …. is processed from opium

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poppy.

4.The … were between 20 and 30 years old and a strikingly large number of them were women.

5.Cooperation between the authorities is necessary for the successful ….. of drug abuse.

6.Many thefts, frauds and other kinds of crimes against property are committed with a view to obtaining …to buy drugs.

Ex .11. Write down answers to the following questions:

1.What kind of distinction should be made between legal and illegal drugs?

2.What drugs are legal in most Western countries?

3.What are four large groups of illegal drugs?

4.What is cannabis?

5.What is the base for opium and heroin?

6.Why do many heroin addicts contract AIDS?

7.What do many cocaine users suffer from?

8.What drug causes addiction right from the beginning?

9.What are the designer drugs?

10.Why are many rehabilitation schemes not successful?

11.Why do “junkies”often turn to crime?

Ex. 12 . Read and translate the following texts:

WHERE DRUGS ARE HIDDEN

Drug traffickers are very ingenious when it comes to concealing the stuff. Swallowing drug-filled condoms or balloons is quite an old trick, sometimes resulting in death for the courier. There is no cavity in vehicles which has not been used as a hiding place. Police and customs officials have found drugs concealed in specially prepared baseball bats, books, cameras, dolls, tubes of toothpaste, to name but a few. Commercial consignments have also been used: drugs were found, for example, in cans of olive oil and peanut butter, in containers with frozen fruit pulp, in hollowed-out aircraft propellers and elephants' tusks. Drugs from Latin America are frequently flown into the USA in small aircraft and dropped at prearranged sites.

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