II. Теми для співбесіди: Supply. Demand.

Перекладіть текст рідною мовою та готуйтесь переказувати його англійською.

Demand and Supply.

Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price. Other things equal,at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

The market is an equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (storage) raising the price. At price above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

An increase in price of a substitute good (or decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity.

As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. Improvement in technology is an important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.

Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.

Варіант 1.

1. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Past Simple.

1. What your neighbors …..(to do) yesterday?

2. Mr. Smith….. (to fix) his car yesterday morning.

3. His wife….. (to water) plants in the garden.

4. Their children…. (to clean) the yard and then they …(to play) basketball.

5. In the evening boys ….(to listen) to music and….. (to watch) TV.

6. Mrs. Smith …..to work) in the kitchen.

7. She ….(to bake) a delicious pie.

2. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Past Continuous.

1. I ….(to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday.

2. My little sister…. (to sleep) at 2 o’clock.

3. My friends ….(not to do) their homework. They…. (to play).

4. She…. (to read) the whole evening.

5. What you ….(to do) the whole day yesterday?

6. They…. (to play) chess from 5 till 7.

7. He ….(not to play) computer games.

8. You ….(to cook)?

9. I…. (not to sleep) at 9 o’clock yesterday.

10. What Nick…. (to do) when you came to his place?

3. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Past Continuous або в Past Simple.

1. I….. (to play) computer games yesterday.

2. I….. (to play) computer games at 5 o’clock yesterday.

3. What you…. (to do) when I….. (to ring) up?

4. What he…. (to do) the whole evening yesterday?

5. When I…. (to come) home my little sister….. (to sleep).

6. When Tom ….(to cross) the street he ….(to fall).

7. When Mike ….(to play) in the yard he….. (to find) a ball.

8. I…… (not to see) her.

9. When I…… (to go) to the stadium I….. (to meet) Kate and Ann.

10. You…..(to go) to Great Britain last year? – Yes, I….. (to go).