Exercises to the text:

I. Translate the words and words combinations from English into Russian. Build up your own sentences with them:

To fall in love, to ask for permission, to be angry with, Protestant Church, to regard, to quarrel with, over the next years, to be burnt for beliefs, official religion, in spite of, forms of worship, to do jobs around the house.

II. Choose the Russian equivalents to the English word combinations:

1. closely	1. начинать
2. king	2. движение
3. to end	3. постоянно
4. to marry	4. становиться
5. movement	5. король
6. to translate	6. тесно
7. to be glad	7. жениться
8. to begin	8. переводить
9. to become	9. заканчивать
10. regularly	10. радоваться
	11. королева
	12. брак

III. Find the missing words in the text:

1. British … used to be closely connected with kings, queens and politics.

2. Henry was so angry with the Pope that he ended all … between England and Rome.

3. The … Church did not start as a Protes­tant Church and Henry certainly did not regard himself as a ….

4. When Henry quarreled with … and ordered the … to be translated into English, the way was open for … to spread in England.

5. Protestants were glad when Mary died, because while she was …, many Protestants were burned for their ….

IV. Make up sentences:

1. In 1525 King Henry VIII decided to divorce his queen, Catherine of Aragon, …	1. … became Queen of England.
2. He di­vorced Catherine of Aragon without …	2. … Roman Catholicism was ne­ver again the official religion in England.
3. In 1553 Mary, Henry's daughter by Catherine of Aragon, …	3. … because he fell in love with Anne Boleyn.
4. After Marry, Elizabeth became head of the Anglican Church and …	4. … for doing jobs around the house and the garden.
5. Most people see Sunday more аs a day for relaxing with the family or …	5. … the Pope's permission and married Anne Boleyn.

V. Choose the right English equivalent to the words in brackets:

1. But when Henry asked the Pope for permission (разводиться) Catherine, he refused.

a) to grow in number

b) to divorce

c) to multiply

2. In 1534 Parliament named Henry (глава) of the Church of England.

a) head

b) chapter

c) rector

3. However the Protestant movement in Europe was growing very strong at that time.

a) fluctuation

b) migration

c) movement

4. Over the next years many people changed to this new religion.

a) cultus

b) religion

c) faith

5. But in spite of the great variety of forms of worship, only a minority of people regularly go to church in Britain today.

a) systematic

b) regularly

c) periodical

VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Генрих развелся с женой без разрешения папы.

2. Протестантское движение становилось очень сильным в то время.

3. Когда Мария была королевой, много протестантов было сожжено на костре.

4. Церковь Англии всё ещё влиятельна в стране сегодня.

5. Британцев нельзя назвать религиозными людьми, так как, несмотря на большое разнообразие религиозных верований, только небольшое количество людей ходят в церковь.

Text № 3

I. Words to be learnt:

to honour – в честь

Samhain – Самхайн

to mistake smb. for – принять кого-либо за

to ward away – отпугивать

to disguise – скрывать, переодеваться

to slice – нарезать ломтиками

spouse – супруг, супруга

Snap Apple Night – ночь поедания яблок

Nut Crack Night - ночь битья орехов

II. Read the text and

1. write down a summarizing sentence for each paragraph;

2. prepare an oral summary of the text on the basis of the above task.

ENGLISH HALLOWEEN CUSTOMS

The celebration of All Saints Day or just Halloween takes place on October 31st. The tradition of Halloween began in the fifth century B.C. This day the Irish Celts celebrated their New Year at that time, because they organized their year according to the agricultural calendar and marked the transition from one year to the next on October 31.

In the year 835 A. D. the Roman Catholic Church made November 1st a church holiday to honour all the saints. This day is called All Saint's Day. Since that time many years have passed. Some traditions are gone, new traditions appeared.

The most known custom is the tradition of dressing. The tradition of dressing in costume for Halloween has both European and Celtic roots. Hundreds of years ago, winter was an uncertain and frightening time. Food supplies often ran low and, many people afraid of the dark, the short days of winter were full of constant worry. On Halloween, when it was be­lieved that ghosts came back to the earthly world, people thought that they would encounter ghosts if they left their homes. To avoid being recognized by these ghosts, people would wear masks when they left their homes after dark so that the ghosts would mistake them for fellow spirits. On Halloween, people placed bowls of food outside their homes to appease the ghosts and prevent them from attempting to enter their home.

Fire has always played an important part in Halloween. Fire was very important to the Celts as it was to all early people. In the old days people lit bonfires to ward away evil spirits and in some places they used to jump over the fire to bring good luck. Today, we light candles in pumpkin and then put them outside our homes to ward of evil spirits.

Another tradition is Apple Bobbing. It has the roman origins. The Roman festival for remembering the dead was also in October. During this time, the Romans remembered their goddess, Pomona. She was the goddess of the trees and fruits, and when the Romans came to Britain, they began to hold these two festivals on the same day as Samhain. Apples probably became associated with Halloween because of this festival. Some people believe that, if you slice an apple through the equator (to reveal the five-pointed star within) and then eat it by candlelight before a mirror, your future spouse will appear over your shoulder.

Trick or Treat was first known as Mischief Night. Halloween was a time for making mischief – many parts of England still recognize this date as Mischief Night – when children would knock on doors demanding a treat (Trick or Treat) and people would disguise themselves as witches or ghosts, in order to obtain food and money from nervous householders.

Halloween was sometimes called Nut crack Night or Snap Apple Night in England. Families would sit by the fire and tell stories while they ate apples and nuts.

Discussing questions:

1. When does Halloween take place?

2. When did the tradition of All Saints Day begin?

3. When did the Roman Catholic Church make November 1^st the church holiday of All Saints?

4. What are the roots of tradition of dressing in costumes for Halloween?

5. Why did people wear masks and dress in costumes for Halloween?

6. Why do people light fire in Halloween?

7. What Halloween tradition do you know?

8. What is Apple Bobbing?

9. What people do on snap apple Night?