Conversational theme № 2

I. Read, translate and learn the text

REGISTER OF SHIPPING

Register of shipping is the juridical body. Its main ob­jective is to increase safety of navigation. There is Register of Shipping not only in our country but in Great Britain - British Lloyd's, in France-French Veritas, in Sweden-Swedish Lloyd's, in Norway-Norwegian Lloyd's and American Bureau in the USA. Register of Shipping supervises for the implementation of international conventions, takes part in the work of internatio­nal organisations.

Register works out and issues classification rules, for sea going vessels, construction rules and also rules for ship's mea­surement and definition of their load line. Register defines the degree of wear, conducts survey and produces the following ships documents: Load Line Certificate, Certificate for Seaworthyness Passenger certificate, Certificate for Minimum Freeboard and Certificate for the use of Shipboard radio station.

Vessels which are built according to these rules are given adequate certificate of class in the Register. This Certificate is acknowledgement of vessel's reliability and fitness for the navigation.

Class of the merchant vessel defines solidity thus gives the right on definite Load Line and region of navigation. Insu­rance societies establish the amount of insurance sum on the technical class basis and take correspondent dues from Ship-owners and Shippers for the cargo carried on board. We know that dues and charges for the service rendered to the ship are always calculated from gross Register Tonnage. It is the work of Ship­ping Register to ascertain BRT, GRT and NRT of any vessel. Vessel’s class is lowered in case of the loss of original Solidity, after accidents, even partially.

Lowering of the class is unprofitable for the ship-owner because this may lead to increase of the insurance dues and also to increase of the minimum Freeboard that is to reduction of freight - carrying capacity.

2. NOTES:

Degree of wear - степень износа

Seaworthyness - годность для плавания, мореходность

solidity - прочность

fitness - годность, соответствие

Minimum Freeboard - высота надводного борта

BRT = Gross Register Tonnage - валовая вместимость

GRT = Gross Register Tonnage -валовая вместимость

HRT = Netto Register Tonnage - чистая вместимость

freight-carrying capacity – грузовместимость

III. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What is the aim of the Register?

2. What documents does the Register produce?

3. What does the class of the vessel define?

4. How are always dues and charges for the service rendered calculated?

5. Why is lowering of the class unprofitable?

Conversational theme № 3

I. Read, translate and learn the text

Corporation of lloyd's

Corporation of Lloyd's came into being at the end of the 17-th century and got its name after the owner of the coffee­house in London where transaction on marine insurance had been made. Regulations of Lloyd's were approved in 1871 by law of Lloyd's Act.

At the beginning of the 18-th century Lloyd's began to issue ship's list. Later on Lloyd's Register of Shipping had been established on its basis. Now it supervises for the ship­building, confers their class and annually issues merchant ship's register of all countries with the indication of the port of registry.

It was the Lloyd's that established Salvage Association in 1857 for the protection of wrecked ships and damaged appurtenance. Each insurer while contracting marine insurance con­firms by his signature the insurance sum in the limits of which he assumes on himself the responsibility according to the cont­ract and therefore is called the "underwriter".

To ensure solvency of Lloyd's members each insurer tran­sfers payment on Lloyd's account which is spent on calculations with the insurant in case of underwriter's insolvency.

Associations of mutual insurance secure ship owner’s respon­sibility on annual or voyage basis. Their financial resources are made up from payments on account (which is paid on one occasion only or periodically) and also from additional payments obtained on demand.

For payment of especially high claims so called catastrophical payments are obtained. Associations of mutual insurance (Clubs) have their representatives at the ports of different countries. The largest is the Bermudas Shipping Insurance Association. The total sum tonnage of insured ships is about 200 million gross register tons.

2. NOTES:

to issue - издавать

Lloyd's Register of shipping - Регистр: судоходства Ллойда

to confer - присваивать

Salvage Association - Ассоциация для защиты коммерческих

инте­ресов в отношении подвергнувшегося

крушению и поврежденного имущества

Assume - принимать на себя

insurer, assuarer - страховщик

underwriter - страховщик

insurant - страхователь

additional payments obtained on demand

insured - застрахованный

assured - застрахованный

Association of Mutual Insurance - Ассоциация взаимного страхования

appurtenance - судовое имущество

2. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. When and by whom was the Lloyd's Act approved?

1. What Organisation supervises for the shipbuilding and confers their class?

2. What are the underwriter's obligations?

4. On what basis does the Association of mutual insuarance secu­re ship owner's responsibil ity?

5. Who established the Salvage Association?