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AnyLogic V

User’s Manual

AnyLogic V User’s Manual

XJ Technologies Company Ltd

AnyLogic@xjtek.com

http://www.xjtek.com/products/anylogic

ii	© 1992-2004 XJ Technologies http://www.xjtek.com

				AnyLogic V User’s Manual
Contents
1.	CREATING ANYLOGIC MODEL .......................................................................			1
	1.1	ANYLOGIC MODELING LANGUAGE.....................................................................		1
	1.2	STARTING ANYLOGIC ..................................................................................................		2
	1.2.1		Working with projects ........................................................................................................	4
	1.3	EDITING THE PROJECT ...............................................................................................		8
	1.3.1		Project window ...................................................................................................................	9
	1.3.2		Properties window.............................................................................................................	12
	1.3.3		Arranging windows ..........................................................................................................	14
	1.4	MODEL ELEMENTS......................................................................................................		16
	1.4.1		Project..............................................................................................................................	16
	1.4.2		Package ...........................................................................................................................	17
	1.4.3		Library............................................................................................................................	17
	1.4.4		Experiment......................................................................................................................	18
	1.5	ACTIVE OBJECT .............................................................................................................		20
	1.5.1		Structure diagram.............................................................................................................	21
	1.5.2		Diagram editors. Generic operations .................................................................................	23
	1.5.3		Active object icon..............................................................................................................	29
	1.5.4		Encapsulated objects.........................................................................................................	34
	1.5.5		Root object .......................................................................................................................	36
	1.5.6		Active object data.............................................................................................................	37
	1.5.7		Active object behavior .......................................................................................................	38
	1.5.8		Active objects interaction...................................................................................................	40
	1.5.9		Writing code for an active object ........................................................................................	43
	1.5.10		Active object inheritance....................................................................................................	46
2.	REPLICATED OBJECTS ....................................................................................			48

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AnyLogic V User’s Manual
2.1 CREATING A REPLICATED OBJECT .....................................................................	48
2.1.1 Replication factor parameterization...................................................................................	49

2.2ACCESSING AND MODIFYING A REPLICATED OBJECT AT RUNTIME 49

2.2.1 Accessing replicated objects from code.................................................................................		50
2.2.2 Adding/removing objects to/from a replicated object..........................................................		50
2.3	CONNECTING REPLICATED OBJECTS................................................................	51
2.3.1 Connecting interface elements of replicated objects graphically..............................................		51
2.3.2 Connecting replicated objects with other objects...................................................................		52
2.3.3 Connecting individual elements of a replicated object...........................................................		55
2.3.4 Connecting replicated objects programmatically...................................................................		56
2.3.5 Creating a ring of cells ......................................................................................................		57
2.3.6 Creating a torus of cells.....................................................................................................		58
2.4	VIEWING AND MODIFYING REPLICATED OBJECTS AT RUNTIME ......	60
2.5	ANIMATING A REPLICATED OBJECT..................................................................	61
3. PARAMETERS.....................................................................................................		63
3.1	PARAMETER TYPES......................................................................................................	63
3.2	DEFINING PARAMETERS ..........................................................................................	65
3.3	SETTING UP ACTUAL PARAMETER VALUES....................................................	68
3.4	MODIFYING PARAMETERS AT RUNTIME..........................................................	70
3.4.1 Modifying parameters from Model Explorer .....................................................................		70
3.4.2 Modifying parameters from AnyLogic animation...............................................................		70
3.4.3 Accessing and modifying parameters programmatically.......................................................		71
3.4.4 Defining parameter change handlers ..................................................................................		71
3.5	PARAMETER PROPAGATION...................................................................................	72
3.6	DYNAMIC PARAMETERS............................................................................................	75
3.7	OBSERVING MODEL BEHAVIOR WITH DIFFERENT MODEL
PARAMETERS..............................................................................................................................		75
3.8	OPTIMIZING MODEL PARAMETERS....................................................................	76
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			AnyLogic V User’s Manual
4.	VARIABLES..........................................................................................................			77
	4.1	DEFINING A VARIABLE .............................................................................................		77
	4.1.1 Initializing a scalar variable .............................................................................................			80
	4.1.2 Viewing and modifying scalar variables at runtime............................................................			81
	4.2	EQUATIONS.....................................................................................................................		87
	4.3	VARIABLE SHARING....................................................................................................		87
	4.3.1		Variable sharing rules......................................................................................................	88
	4.3.2		Connecting variables.........................................................................................................	90
	4.4	CHANGING VARIABLES AND REACTING TO THEIR CHANGES ............		95
5.	EQUATIONS........................................................................................................			98
	5.1	EQUATION TYPES ........................................................................................................		98
	5.2	DEFINING AN EQUATION .....................................................................................		103
	5.3	FUNCTIONS....................................................................................................................		105
	5.3.1		Predefined functions ........................................................................................................	106
	5.3.2		Using intelli-sense...........................................................................................................	108
	5.3.3		Lookup tables................................................................................................................	109
	5.3.4		Mathematical functions...................................................................................................	114
	5.3.5		Algorithmic functions .....................................................................................................	115
	5.4	ALGEBRAIC LOOPS ....................................................................................................		117
	5.5	RUNTIME ERRORS CAUSED BY EQUATIONS.................................................		118
	5.6	NUMERICAL METHODS ...........................................................................................		118
6. MATRICES AND HYPER-ARRAYS..................................................................				121
	6.1	MATRICES .......................................................................................................................		121
	6.1.1		Defining a matrix ..........................................................................................................	121
	6.1.2 Setting an initial value for a matrix................................................................................			121
	6.1.3 Accessing and modifying a matrix from Model Viewer....................................................			123
	6.1.4 Accessing and modifying a matrix from code ...................................................................			124

AnyLogic V User’s Manual


6.1.5 Using matrices in equations ............................................................................................			128
6.1.6		Working with matrices ...................................................................................................	130
6.2	HYPER-ARRAYS ............................................................................................................		132
6.2.1		Enumerations ................................................................................................................	133
6.2.2 Defining variables of hyper-array type .............................................................................			134
6.2.3 Setting an initial value for a hyper-array .........................................................................			135
6.2.4		Aggregation functions .....................................................................................................	139
6.2.5 Using hyper-arrays in equations......................................................................................			140
7. MESSAGE PASSING...........................................................................................			144
7.1	PORTS ...............................................................................................................................		145
7.1.1 Adding a port to an active object class.............................................................................			145
7.1.2		Port queue......................................................................................................................	149
7.1.3		Connecting ports.............................................................................................................	150
7.1.4 Connecting ports to statecharts ........................................................................................			153
7.1.5		Message routing rules......................................................................................................	155
7.1.6 Sending and processing messages......................................................................................			156
7.1.7		Receiving messages ..........................................................................................................	159
7.1.8 Inspecting port state at runtime .......................................................................................			161
7.2	MESSAGES ......................................................................................................................		163
7.2.1		Defining message classes..................................................................................................	163
7.2.2 Cloning messages to avoid sharing violation .....................................................................			166
7.2.3 Messages encapsulating/inheriting other messages ............................................................			166
7.3 DEFINING CUSTOM PORT CLASSES...................................................................			167
7.3.1		Predefined port classes.....................................................................................................	167
7.4 MESSAGE PASSING USE CASES.............................................................................			172
7.4.1 Filtering messages by message contents .............................................................................			172
7.4.2 Filtering messages by message type...................................................................................			173

vi	© 1992-2004 XJ Technologies http://www.xjtek.com

				AnyLogic V User’s Manual
	7.4.3		Sending a message with a delay .......................................................................................	175
	7.4.4		Sending a message with a delay dependent on the message field .........................................	177
	7.4.5		Getting information on connected objects ..........................................................................	178
	7.4.6		Sending messages to all recipients ....................................................................................	181
	7.4.7		Sending a message to a specific recipient / a group of recipients.........................................	182
	7.4.8		Verifying port connections at runtime..............................................................................	192
	7.4.9		Defining message class constructors..................................................................................	195
	7.4.10		Modeling a LIFO queue ................................................................................................	196
	7.4.11		Modeling a priority queue ...............................................................................................	199
	7.4.12		Connecting ports at runtime............................................................................................	200
	7.4.13		Modeling a system with dynamically changing structure....................................................	204
	7.4.14		Implementing instantaneous data feedback ......................................................................	205
	7.4.15		Implementing instantaneous message exchange .................................................................	206
	7.4.16		Message passing in Enterprise Library ...........................................................................	211
8.	TIMERS ...............................................................................................................			218
	8.1	DYNAMIC TIMERS.......................................................................................................		219
	8.2	STATIC AND CHART TIMERS .................................................................................		220
9.	STATECHARTS .................................................................................................			222
	9.1	CREATING A STATECHART....................................................................................		222
	9.2	STATECHART DIAGRAM..........................................................................................		224
	9.3	EXECUTION ORDER..................................................................................................		236
	9.4	TRIGGERING A TRANSITION................................................................................		238
	9.4.1		Immediate triggering .......................................................................................................	239
	9.4.2		Triggering after a timeout................................................................................................	240
	9.4.3		Change event trigger........................................................................................................	240
	9.4.4		Signal event....................................................................................................................	243
	9.5	OBSERVING STATECHART AT RUNTIME ........................................................		247

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AnyLogic V User’s Manual


9.5.1		Animated statechart diagram..........................................................................................	247
9.5.2		Debugging a statechart....................................................................................................	248
10. STOCHASTIC MODELING .............................................................................			250
10.1	RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR........................................................................		250
10.2	PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS.............................................................................		251
11. RUNNING AND OBSERVING A MODEL.....................................................			258
11.1	RUNNING THE MODEL WITH ANYLOGIC......................................................		259
11.1.1		Creating and destroying the model ...................................................................................	259
11.1.2		Controlling the model execution.......................................................................................	260
11.1.3		Setting up model simulation speed ...................................................................................	264
11.2	VIEWING AND CONTROLLING THE MODEL................................................		265
11.2.1		Model Explorer .............................................................................................................	266
11.2.2		Animated structure diagram ...........................................................................................	270
11.2.3		Animated statechart diagram..........................................................................................	273
11.2.4		Inspect window ...............................................................................................................	275
11.2.5		Log window ...................................................................................................................	276
11.2.6		Chart window ................................................................................................................	278
11.3	DEBUGGING THE MODEL .....................................................................................		280
11.4	SETTING UP MODEL EXECUTION PARAMETERS .......................................		281
11.5	OPTIMIZING A MODEL ............................................................................................		281
12. ANIMATION......................................................................................................			282
12.1	ANIMATION CONCEPTS ..........................................................................................		282
12.1.1		Reflecting the state of an object in animation....................................................................	283
12.1.2		Animating hierarchical models........................................................................................	285
12.1.3		Interactive control of animation .......................................................................................	287
12.2	ANIMATION DIAGRAM ............................................................................................		287

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			AnyLogic V User’s Manual
12.2.1		Animation editor ...........................................................................................................	287
12.2.2		Animation shapes ..........................................................................................................	292
12.2.3		Indicators.......................................................................................................................	299
12.2.4		Controls.........................................................................................................................	302
12.2.5 Writing code for an animation ........................................................................................			306
12.3	3D ANIMATION DIAGRAM .....................................................................................		307
12.3.1		3D animation editor ......................................................................................................	307
12.3.2		3D animation shapes .....................................................................................................	312
12.3.3 3D animation rendering principles ..................................................................................			322
12.3.4		Managing a camera........................................................................................................	322
12.3.5 Writing code for 3D animation.......................................................................................			325
12.4	RUNNING ANIMATION............................................................................................		326
12.5	RUNNING 3D ANIMATION .....................................................................................		327
12.5.1 Moving and rotating the animation .................................................................................			328
12.6	CONFIGURING AN ANIMATION RUN...............................................................		328
12.6.1 Setting up animation update rate ....................................................................................			329
12.6.2 Setting up animation anti-aliasing ..................................................................................			330
13. SIMULATION SETTINGS ................................................................................			331
13.1	SIMULATION SPEED ..................................................................................................		331
13.2	MODEL REPLICATIONS............................................................................................		333
13.3	SIMULATION STOP CONDITIONS .......................................................................		333
13.3.1 Defining a model time stop condition...............................................................................			334
13.3.2 Defining additional stop conditions .................................................................................			334
13.4	CONTROLLING MODEL REPLICATIONS .........................................................		337
13.4.1 Writing code to be executed between model replications.....................................................			337
13.4.2 API to control replications..............................................................................................			337
14. DEBUGGING A MODEL..................................................................................			340

AnyLogic V User’s Manual


14.1	CHECKING MODEL SYNTAX.................................................................................		340
14.2	VIEWING AND MODIFYING ANYLOGIC EVENTS.......................................		342
14.2.1 Event processing at the simulation engine ........................................................................			342
14.2.2		Events window...............................................................................................................	346
14.3	BREAKPOINTS ..............................................................................................................		348
14.4	LOGGING A MODEL..................................................................................................		349
14.4.1		Log window ...................................................................................................................	349
14.4.2		Writing to logs ...............................................................................................................	351
14.5	RUNTIME ERRORS ......................................................................................................		351
14.5.1		Java exceptions...............................................................................................................	352
14.5.2		Throwing runtime errors .................................................................................................	352
14.5.3		Simulation errors............................................................................................................	353
14.6	DEBUGGING JAVA CODE .......................................................................................		353

15.CREATING A MODEL WITH DYNAMICALLY CHANGING STRUCTURE 354

15.1MANUAL CREATION AND DESTRUCTION OF ENCAPSULATED OBJECTS......................................................................................................................................354

15.1.1 Writing code executed on object creation and destruction...................................................			355
15.2	DYNAMICALLY CHANGING CONNECTIONS ................................................		357
16. OPTIMIZATION ...............................................................................................			358
16.1	SETTING UP AN OPTIMIZATION.........................................................................		359
16.1.1 Creating an optimization experiment ..............................................................................			359
16.1.2		Defining the objective......................................................................................................	361
16.1.3		Defining optimization parameters ...................................................................................	362
16.2	CONSTRAINTS ..............................................................................................................		365
16.2.1		Defining a constraint......................................................................................................	365
16.2.2 Feasible and infeasible solutions......................................................................................			366
16.3	OPTIMIZATION SETTINGS .....................................................................................		367
x		© 1992-2004 XJ Technologies	http://www.xjtek.com

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