her to consult a doctor but she would not listen. 12. She would often tell me that she felt sick.

Grammar Task H. Translate into English using the modal verbs.

1. Мне нужно было съездить на неделю домой. 2. Вчера мне пришлось ответить на шесть электронных писем. 3. Мне нужно купить цветы на встречу? — Да, пожалуйста. 4. Он должен хорошо подготовиться к экзаменам. 5. Он говорит, что ему нужно рано лечь спать. Он должен рано вставать завтра. 6. Я не могла пойти вчера на день рождения. Я должна была готовиться к экзамену. 7. Не могли бы вы мне помочь? Я не могу найти почту. 8. Я должна купить подарок на день рождения моей лучшей подруге. 9. Я давно договорилась с мамой, что я должна приехать на неделю домой. 10. Мой брат должен помочь отцу починить машину. 11. Я не видел этот фильм. Мне обязательно нужно его посмотреть. 12. Если ты сделал всю работу, ты можешь идти домой.

Unit 8.

Text A. Australia

Australia geographically is the sixth-largest country in the world and the only one to occupy the entire continent. Australia includes the island of Tasmania, which is an Australian State. Its neighbouring countries include New Zealand to the south-east and Indonesia and Papua New Guinea to the north. The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis meaning southern, and dates back to the 2nd century AD legends of an "unknown southern land" (terra australis incognita).

The Commonwealth of Australians a constitutional monarchy: the Queen of Australia is considered to be the Head of State, although that term is found nowhere in the Constitution. The Queen is represented by the Governor-General of Australia. Under the Australian Constitution the role of the Queen is almost entirely ceremonial. Although the Constitution gives significant executive power to the Governor-General, these powers

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are almost never used directly, and are usually delegated to the Cabinet, whose members are chosen by the governing party or by the Prime Minister alone, from the current members of the Parliament.

Australia is divided into six states and several territories. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. The two major territories are the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory.

Most of the Australian population descends from the 19th and 20th century immigrants mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, but from other countries in later years. Although Australia was founded as a penal colony, the transportation of British convicts to Australian colonies has gradually stopped between 1840 and 1868. During the Gold Rush of the late 19th century, the criminals and their descendants were rapidly overshadowed by hundreds of thousands of free settlers from many different countries. For example, in the 1850s about two per cent of populations of Britain and Ireland emigrated to New South Wales and Victoria. By the late twentieth century many inhabitants of Australia were of Greek, Italian or Asian descent. The indigenous population, the Australian aborigens, make up 2.2% of the population according to the 2001 Census.

As many other developed countries, Australia is currently experiencing a demographic shift towards an older population, with more people retiring and fewer people of working age. Because of the aging population, Australia maintains one of the most active immigration programs in the world, absorbing tens of thousands of immigrants from all over the world every year.

English is the main official and spoken language in Australia, although some of the surviving Aboriginal communities maintain their native languages. A considerable number of first and sometimes second-generation immigrants are bilingual.

Much of Australia's culture comes from Europe and more recently from America, but distinctive Australian features have come from the environment, aborigine culture, and the influence of Australia's neighbours.

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Questions to the Text

1.What are the neigbouring countries of Australia?

2.Where does the name Australia come from?

3.Who is the Head of State of Australia?

4.How is the Queen represented in Australia?

5.Who chooses the members of the Cabinet?

6.What are the States and Territories of Australia?

7.What was Australia founded as?

8.What is the percentage of Australian aborigines?

9.What are the roots of Australian culture?

Exercise 64. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Australia is the only country in the world which occupies the whole continent. However, its population is very small. 2. Australia's neighbours are: Papua New Guinea to the north and New Zealand to the south. 3. Governor-General of Australia represents the Queen. 4. The role of the Queen is almost entirely ceremonial. 5. The Cabinet has the real power. Its members are chosen by the governing party or by the Prime Minister. 6. Most of the Australian population descends from the immigrants from Europe. 7. Australia was founded as a penal colony for criminals. During the Golde Rush in the late 19th century hundreds of thousands of free settlers came to Australia. 8. Now many Australians are of Greek, Italian and Asian descent. Australia is very interested in new immigrants because its population is aging. 9. Australia absorbs tens of thousands of people each year. That is why there are so many bilinguals in Australia.

Exercise 65. Translate the following sentences into English.

1.Страны — соседи Австралии — это Индонезия, Новая Зеландия и Папуа — Новая Гвинея.

2.Слово «Австралия» происходит от латинского слова «юж-

ная».

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