Мовний матеріал

Лексичний мінімум. За повний курс навчання студент повинен мати словниковий запас у 800 загальновживаних слів, який є основою для розширення потенціального словникового запасу до 1200 – 1500 лексичних одиниць.

Граматичний мінімум. У процесі навчання студент мусить засвоїти основні граматичні явища і структури характерні для наукових текстів англійською мовою, які подані в посібнику та ілюстративних таблицях.

Методичні вказівки

Запропоновані методичні розробки створені для студентів ІІ курсу заочного відділення факультетів ФММ, ФС, ВПІ, ФП. Даний посібник має за мету допомогти студенту-заочнику у його самостійній роботі над розвитком практичних навичок правильного читання та перекладу науково-популярної літератури англійською мовою, над придбанням навичок розуміння загального змісту прочитаного витягу з монографії або статті з журналу загальнонаукової тематики без обов’язкового повного та точного перекладу всіх речень з тексту.

Матеріал методичних розробок поділяється на 7 занять. Необхідний для вивчення граматичний матеріал поданий на початку кожного заняття. Практична частина кожного заняття вміщує фонетичні вправи до тексту, текст, лексико-граматичні вправи після тексту, вправи на розвиток мовлення. Тексти методичних розробок виключно професійного спрямування.

Цей матеріал має допомогти студенту – заочнику навчитися працювати з текстами самостійно; він може також використовуватися на аудиторних заняттях.

Unit one

Grammar

1.Verb patterns V+ to V, V+V, V+Ving.

2.Modals: probability.

3.Word Formation.

4.Reflexive Pronoun.

Ex. 1. Read and memorize the following words:

Advantage To own To relax To feed Bustle Variety Unless Despite

перевага володіти відпочивати годувати метушня, суєта різноманітність до тих пір, поки незважаючи на

Include Lively Mess Dim Reason Endless Pedestrian

містити в собі, ураховувати живий, яскравий безладдя, гармидер тьмяний підстава нескінченний пішохід

Ex. 2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:

All in all	загалом
To feel bored	почуватися знудженим, нудьгувати
For one thing	з одного боку
Well–paidjob	добре оплачу вальна робота
To be crowded	бути переповненим
Rush hours	години пік
City – dweller	мешканець міста
To feel lonely	почувати себе самітнім
To be appealing	бути привабливим, зворушливим
Tobepacked	бути упакованим, насиченим
Continental food	небританська їжа
To be pedestrianized	зробити пішохідним

Read and translate the text:

LIVING IN THE CITY

Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often easier to find work, and usually a choice of public transport, so you don’t need to own a car. Also, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For the example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, when you want to relax, you can usually find a park where you can feed the ducks or just sit on a park bench and read a book. All in all, city life is full of bustle and variety and you need never feel bored.

However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing, you might have a job, but unless it is very well-paid, you will not be able to afford many of the things that there are to do, because living in a city is often very expensive. It is particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation. What is more, public transport is sometimes crowded and dirty, particularly in the rush hour, and even the parks can become very crowded, especially on Sundays when it seems that every city-dweller is looking for some open space and green grass. Last of all, despite all the crowds, it is still possible to feel very lonely in a city.

In conclusion, I think city life can be particularly appealing to young people, who like the excitement of the city and don’t mind the noise and pollution. However, many people, when they get older, and particularly when they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh air of the countryside.

One of my favorite parts of London is Soho, which is right in the centre Piccadilly Circus, Shaftesbury Avenue, and Leicester Squere. One of the main reasons I like it is that it is always lively and colourful.

The place is a bit of a mess, and the buildings aren’t the most beautiful in London, but the streets are always interesting, with surprises around every corner. Soho is packed with continental food shops and restaurants. More recently there have been a lot of Chinese from Hong Kong. Gerrard Street, which is pedestrianized, is the centre of London’s Chinatown. It has restaurants, dim sum houses, Chinese supermarkets, and in February, there are the New Year celebrations. Many famous people have lived in Soho, including Mozart, Karl Marx, and the poet T.S.Eliot. It has a reputation for attracting artists, writers, poets, and people in the media. Shaftesbury Avenue is in the heart of London’s theatre land, and there are endless clubs, pubs, and cafes. There are also street markets, advertising agencies, clothes shops, music publishers, and recording studios, which makes it an exciting place to live and work. Piccadilly Circus is like a magnet for young people from all over the world. They like to sit on the steps under the statue of Eros, celebrating the freedom and friendship of youth. It is said that if you wait long enough at Piccadilly Circus, you’ll meet everyone you’ve ever know!

Ex. 3. a) Form words with the opposite meaning by adding prefix un -, mis -, in -, im:

Dependent, possible, known, favorable, productive, precise, complete, frequent, limited, exact, convenient, common, satisfactory, trained.

b) Complete and translate:

1.Students should aim to become more … of their teachers. (dependent)

2.The ticket give you … travel for seven days. (limited)

3.The witness’s description was very … (precise).

Ex. 4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text and translate:

1. The tour (містить в собі) a visit to the Science Museum.

2. I’d like know (причина) why you are so late.

3. In the spring the place (бути переповненим) with skiers.

4. She lives alone and often (почувати себе самітнім)

5. The book (бути насиченим) with information about the birds.

6. I was offered a (добре оплачу вальна робота).

Ex. 5. Translate into English:

1. Джон Сміт приїхав в Україну.

2. Він відвідав кілька українських міст.

3. В Україні є багато місць, які варто подивитесь.

4. Ви можете побачити тут давні пам’ятники і сучасні нові споруди.

5. Київ славиться своєю красою.

6. Київ посідає визначне місце в світовій науці.

7. Промисловість Києва виробляє морські риболовні траулери, верстати-автомати і устаткування для хімічної і харчової промисловості.

8. Київ славиться своєю обчислювальною технікою, оптичними і радіотехнічними інструментами.

Ex. 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: ing form, to + infinitive or infinitive without to

1. My friend loves (play) games on the computer.

2. Our words would (be) a cleaner place if we all recycled our waste.

3. I would like (go) to the Rio carnival.

4. We couldn’t help (laugh) at the clown’s tricks.

5. Will you remember (buy) some balloons and streamers on your way home?

6. My friend and I decided (adopt) a child.

7. Don’t forget (send) your grandmother a birthday card.

Ex. 7. Underline the correct word:

1. Shop assistants must / can be polite to customers.

2. I’m afraid you can’t/ don’t have to park here.

3. You have to/ mustn’t smoke in the hospital.

4. I have to /can wake up early tomorrow, because my flight leaves at 9 am.

5. You mustn’t / don’t have to be rude to your teacher.

Ex. 8. Complete the sentences below with appropriate modal verbs:

Possibility	can/ could/ may/ might
Probability	should/ ought to/ must/ may
Permission	may/ can
Obligation	must/ have to
Advice	should /ought to
Ability	can / could/ be able to

1. The report … be finished by 6 0’clock. (Obligation)

2. Your telephone … installed by Friday. (Probability)

3. This equipment … be exported to certain countries. (Permission)

4. You … wear protective clothing at all times. (Advice)

5. We … not deliver until we receive the parts. (Ability)

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences using a word from the list below and a reflexive pronoun:

Enjoyed, killed, dry, help, burnt, hurt

1. You are soaking wet. Here, …with this towel.

2. Mary … quite badly on the hot iron.

3. Mark … when he fell off the ladder.

4. … to some coffee while it’s hot.

5. Robert really … during the skiing trip.

6. Romeo and Juliet …

Ex. 10. In pairs, use the prompts to ask and answer questions, as in the example:

SA. How long have you been studying English?

SB. I have been studying English for seven years.

1. How long / you / study/ Ukrainian? – 5 years.

2. How long / you / live / in Kyiv? – 1 year.

3. How long / you / drive/ racing cars - 1992.

4. How long /you / wait / here ? – a few minutes.

5. How long / you/ read/ that book ? – last month.

Ex. 11. Answer the questions:

1. Is there any advantage of living in a city?

2. Is there any disadvantage of living in a city?

3. What is the main disadvantage of living in a small town?

4. What places do many people prefer when they get older?

5. Which is the busiest street in your town?

6. What’s your favorite town or city?

7. Why do you like it?

8. Which parts of it do you particularly like?

9. Why do Londoners like to say: “If you wait long enough at Picadilly Circus, you’ll meet everyone you’ve ever known”?