Функции причастия

Функция	Место в предложении	Пример
Определение	место перед определяемым словом	Allhomesindevelopedcountrieshaveoneormore TV sets and in many countries there are considerably more TV sets than telephones. Во всех развитых странах …
	ParticipleII, стоящее после определяемого слова, может также вводить зависимый причастный оборот (причастие с зависимыми словами)	The units used to measure time space and mass are called fundamental units. Приборы, используемые для измерения…
	если за ParticipleII, стоящим в позиции после определяемого слова, следует глагол – сказуемое, то при переводе на русский язык определение выносится в позицию перед определяемым словом	The current generated flows through the circuit. Вырабатываемый ток движется по цепи.
Обстоятельство	причастному обороту в функции обстоятельства времени может предшествовать союзы whenилиwhile.Такие причастные обороты переводятся на русский язык полным обстоятельственным предложением; деепричастным оборотом; существительным с предлогом «при».	Any body when heated to a high temperature becomes a source of light. При нагревании любое тело …
	ParticipleIIв сочетании с союзомif, unless(если не, до тех пор пока),whenпереводится на русский язык условным придаточным предложением.	Unless repaired this part can not be used in the radio set. Если эту часть не наладить, ее нельзя…
Сказуемое	ParticipleIслужит для образования сложной структуры сказуемого вPassivePerfect.	Many complex problems can be solved with the help of computers. С помощью компьютеров можно решить …
	ParticipleII служит для образования сказуемого во времениPerfectи для образования сложной структуры сказуемого в страдательном залоге.	The latest laser devises have found application in medicine.

Задание 4. Определите форму причастия в следующих предложениях:

1. These applications have made electricity most widely used. 2. One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, and easily regulated. 3. In a digital system the usual continuous signal is replaced by a digital code containing detailed information on brightness, colour, etc. 3. Once a week you put the programs you like into the memory, and the TV set will automatically switch on the desired channel at the right time. 4. Research in superconductors became especially active since a discovery made in 1986 by IBM scientists in Zurich. 5. In all leading laboratories throughout the world superconductors of critical temperature 10Kand higher were obtained. 6. The film could be used in the microscopic circuitry of advanced computers as high-speed pathway between computer chips. 7. Person writing the program does not have to know anything about the computer the program will be run on. 8. The Internet is a magnetic global network with millions and millions of computers and people connected to one another.

Задание 5. Определите, что обозначает причастие в следующих предложениях:

a) одновременность с действием глагола – сказуемого – актив

b) одновременность с действием глагола - сказуемого - пассив

c) предшествование действию глагола – сказуемого - актив

d) предшествование действию глагола- сказуемого – пассив

1. Theprogrambeingexecutediswritteninassemblylanguage.2. The program written by assembly language is called an assembler. 3. Having executed an instruction, the program failed. 4. Having been executed the programs were considered to be perfect ones. 5. Working at home, it is reasonable to use a portable computer. 6. Having made the necessary changes, they got down to business. 7. When testing the new model, the group used the most modern methods of control. 8.Whentested,themodelbrokedown.

Задание 6. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление причастий в функции определения:

1. Peripherals are the units connected to the CPU: input devices, output devices and storage devices. 2. The simplest and most common type of input device is a keyboard, containing a typewriter keyboard. 3. The vibrating quartz crystal is controlled by minute electronic circuits. 4. This discovery was completely unexpected phenomenon. 5. In all leading laboratories throughout the world superconductors of critical temperature 100 K and higher were obtained. 6. Other types of electromagnets made with superconductors could be used to lower the cost of electric generation and storage. 7. Researchers now estimate that tiny but immensely powerful high speed computers using superconductors may be three to five years away. 8. Memory cells made of superconducting materials could store information indefinitely. 9. Transformers could be made with windings cooled to the low temperature at which superconductivity occurs.

Задание 7. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление причастия в функции обстоятельства:

1. Hence, a superconductor is a solid material that abruptly loses all resistance to the flow of electric current when cooled below a characteristics temperature. 2. Having designed car radar, the engineers started complex tests. 3. While driving a car one should be very attentive. 4. Having been tested, the computer system was installed at a plant. 5. The synthetic magnet has a lot of valuable qualities that can be changed, if desired. 6. Having been heated, the substance changed its properties. 7. Being provided with batteries an electric car can develop a speed of 50 miles an hour. 8. When mass produced, electric cars will help solve ecological problems of big cities. 9. When completed in 1897, Jefferson’s building was the largest and costliest library in the World.