Posibnik_-_2011

Прочитайте текст та перекладіть його українською мовою.

LIVESTOCK REARING IN GREAT BRITAIN

There are many different breeds of beef cattle. For its size, the Aberdeen Angus produces the greatest amount of meat. It is reared in the north-east of Scotland. Like the Galloway, which comes from the southern uplands of Scotland, it is a polled animal, that is, one without horns. Another important breed is the white-faced Hereford, bred on hill farms along the Welsh border. In the last ten years many new breeds of cattle have been introduced onto British farms.

Most dairy farms are found in Lancashire, West Yorkshire, south-west Scotland, but the dairy herd is also kept on many mixed farms in other parts of the country. The largest quantity of milk is given by the Friesians, but their milk contains the least amount of butter-fat, from which butter is made. The creamiest milk comes from the smaller, Channel Island cows, the Jersey and the Guernsey.

Some cows live for twelve or thirteen years and have as many as ten calves, but most live less than half that time and produce only two or three calves. Heifers are young cows which have not yet produced milk. A heifer starts to give milk as it has its first calf at the age of eighteen to twenty months, and it will go on doing so for nine or ten months. The heifer is called a cow only when it has its second calf. After the second calf is born the mother will give milk for another nine months.

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Although there are more than a dozen different breeds of pigs, the two most popular in this country are the Landrace and the Large White. A new British Saddleback breed was formed by crossing the Essex and Wessex Saddlebacks .

Sheep still play the most important part in the farming, and there are large quantity of sheep in Britain. Sheep farms are the largest in the country.

Вправи

I. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1.What breed of beef cattle produces the greatest amount of meat?

2.Why does the Aberdeen Angus produce the greatest amount of meat?

3.Where is this breed reared?

4.What is its main peculiarity ?

5.Where are most dairy farms located?

6.What breeds produce the creamiest milk?

7.What are heifers?

8.When is a heifer called a cow?

9.At what age does a heifer have its first calf?

10.What are the most popular breeds of pigs in Great Britain?

11.How was a new British Saddleback breed formed?

12.What can you tell about sheep farming in Great Britain?

II. Перекладіть текст українською мовою.

Do you know ?

A male horse is called a stallion. Horses can reach speeds of 60 mph. Quarter horses run shorter distances. A baby horse is called a foal. A colt is a young male. Unlike people, horses can walk shortly after birth. A mature female horse is called a mare. Females are valued for breeding. The horse family are equines. The largest recorded horse was a Percheron breed in 1903 that was 21 hands high and weighed 3,940 pounds.

A male cow is called a bull. Cows are vegetarians and eat mostly hay and grass. Like us, cows need a certain amount of salt. The cows lick salt. Domesticated cows in general are called cattle or bovines. Females have udders. A female is called a cow. Elephants, whales and mooses are also called cows. The Chianina is the largest cow. The largest Chianina bull on record weighed 4,300 pounds.

The largest pig on record was a Poland-China hog named Big Bill. The giant pig weighed 2,552 pounds and was so large that he dragged his belly on the ground. He had shoulder height of 5 feet and a length of 9 feet.

The largest sheep ever recorded was a Suffolk ram. This sheep weighed 545 pounds and stood 43 inches tall at the shoulder.

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Notes on the text:

1.60 mph – 60 миль за годину

2.pound – фунт (міра ваги = 453,6 г)

3.foot – фут (міра довжини = 30,48 см.)

4.inch – дюйм = 2,5 см.

5.hand – долоня (як міра довжини); 10 см (при вимірюванні висоти коня).

III. Заповніть пропуски у реченнях, використовуючи слова у дужках.

(vegetarians, pigs, cows, beef cattle, dairy cattle).

1.The Aberdeen Angus, the Galloway, the Hereford are breeds of _________.

2.The Friesians, the Jersey, the Guernsey are breeds of ____________.

3.The Landrace and the Large White are breeds of___________.

4.Females of elephants, bovines, whales and moose are called_____________.

5.Sheep, cattle, horses are_______________.

IV. Підберіть визначення до термінів.

V. Вставте в реченнях пропущені слова, використовуючи тексти “Livestock Rearing in Great Britain” та “Do you know?”

1.The Friesians… milk with …butter-fat content.

2.Dairy …is also …on many … farms in other parts of the … . 3.There are… different … of beef… .

4.Some cows … for … or … years and … as many as … calves. 5.Heifers are …cows which have not yet …milk.

6.A heifer starts … milk as it has its first … at the age of … to … months. 7.The … is called a cow only when it has its second … .

8.Sheep still … an important part in the … and there are … quantity of … in Britain.

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VI.Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1.Існує багато порід м’ясної великої рогатої худоби.

2.Абердино-ангуська порода походить з південної нагірної частини Шотландії.

3.Ця порода безрога.

4.Молочне стадо також утримують на багатьох змішаних фермах в інших частинах країни.

5.Молоко цих корів містить найменшу кількість молочного жиру.

6.Деякі корови живуть протягом 12 або 13 років і народжують 10 телят.

7.Вівці все ще відіграють важливу роль у сільському господарстві Великобританії.

8.Корови – вегетаріанці. Вони їдять, в основному, сіно і траву.

9.Коні можуть розвивати швидкість понад 60 км/год.

10.Коровам потрібна певна кількість солі.

VII. Виконайте вправу за зразком.

Зразок: This breed is reared in the north-east of Scotland.

The teacher said: “This breed is reared in the north-east of Scotland”. The teacher said (that) that breed was reared in the north-east of Scotland.

1.In the last ten years many new breeds have been introduced into British farms.

2.The largest quantity of milk is given by the Friessians.

3.The creamiest milk comes from the Сhannel Island cows, the Jersey and the Guernsey.

4.Most cows live 6 years and produce only two or three calves.

5.Heifers are young cows which have not yet produced milk.

6.A new British Saddleback breed was formed by crossing the Essex and Wessex Saddlebacks.

7.The farmers will introduce a new breed of beef cattle on this farm.

8.I will tell you a lot of interesting things about livestock rearing.

9.Robin Hood and his band of men lived in Sherwood Forest.

10.I don’t know this man.

11.I’ll be here next week.

12.I had an accident two weeks ago, but I wasn’t injured.

13.Rock-and-roll was made popular by Elvis Presley.

14.My wife has had a baby.

15.My father is in the hospital.

16.Unlike people horses can walk shortly after birth.

17.The largest recorded horse was a Percheron breed in 1903 that was21 hands high and weighed 3,940 pounds.

18.The Chianina is the largest cow.

19.The largest Chianina bull on record weighed 4,300 pounds.

20.The largest pig on record was a Poland-China hog named Big Bill.

21.The giant pig weighed 2,552 pounds and was so large that he dragged his belly on the ground.

22.This pig had shoulder height of 5 feet and a length of 9 feet.

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23.The largest sheep ever recorded was a Suffolk ram.

24.This sheep weighed 545 pounds and stood 43 inches tall at the shoulder.

25.Listen to me carefully.

26.Don’t wait for me.

VIII. Складіть речення, вживаючи непряму мову. Речення починайте зі слів Could you tell me… або Do you know….

Зразок: 1. Сould you tell me?/Where is the post-office? Could you tell me where the post-office is?

Зразок 2.Do you know?/ What does this word mean? Do you know what this word means?

1.What are the most popular breeds of beef cattle in Ukraine?

2.What was Shakespeare?

3.How is a male horse called?

4.When does the conference begin?

5.What speed can horses reach?

6.What is a foal?

7.How do we call a mature female?

8.How is a male cow called?

9.What does this word mean?

10.Do cows need a certain amount of salt?

11.What do the cows like to lick?

12.What are you doing now?

13.How are domesticated cows called in general?

14.When does a heifer start to give milk?

IX. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою та трансформуйте їх в непряму мову, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

А. Зразок: Мері сказала: “Вчора ввечері мені телефонував Том”. Mary said:”Tom called me last night” (пряма мова).

Мері сказала, що Том телефонував їй учора ввечері. Mary said (that) Tom had called her last night (непряма мова).

1.Джо сказав мені: “Я повернусь за годину”.

2.Анна сказала Джону: “Я не можу піти в кіно з вами.”

3.Викладач сказав: “Найбільший баран важив 545 фунтів”.

4.Староста сказав: “Ми йдемо в музей”.

5.Анна сказала: “Ми часто відвідуємо театри”.

6.Біл сказав: “Я зустріну її в аеропорту”

7.Біл сказав: “Цей факс повинен бути надісланий негайно”.

8.Наш керівник сказав: “Нам потрібно закінчити цю роботу до кінця тижня.”

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9.Вона сказала: “Я надіслала вам документи до того, як ви нам зателефонували”.

10.Професор сказав: “На жаль, я дуже зайнятий і не можу приділити вам достатньої уваги”.

B. Зразок: Він запитав мене: “Ви палите?”. He asked me: “Do you smoke?” (пряма мова).

Він запитав мене, чи я палю. He asked me whether (if) I smoked (непряма мова).

1.Він запитав мене: “Делегація вже приїхала?”.

2.Він поцікавився: “Ви говорите англійською?”.

3.Вона запитала мене: “Ти вже надіслав їм листа?”

4.Батько запитав мене: ”Ти поїдеш до Львова наступного тижня?”.

5.Він запитав мене: “А ти вмієш грати в теніс?”.

6.Вона запитала мене: “Ти збираєшся вступати до аспірантури?”.

7.Я запитав його: ”Делегація вже повернулася ?”.

8.Він запитав мене: “Ви любите кататися верхи на коні?”

9.Вона запитала мене: “Ти одружений?”

10.Викладач запитав нас: “Ви маєте яких-небудь тварин?”

С. Зразок: Вони запитали мене: “Де ви працюєте?”. They asked me: “Where do you work?” (пряма мова).

Вони запитали мене, де я працюю. They asked me, where I worked (непряма мова).

1.Єва запитала мене: “Де ти проведеш свої канікули?”.

2.Я запитала його: “Чому ти так багато палиш?”.

3.Анна запитала мене: “Куди ти йдеш?”.

4.Джим запитав мене: “Хто телефонував вам годину тому?”.

5.Боб запитав Лінду: “Чому ти нічого не розповіла про той чудовий концерт?”.

6.Том запитав мене: “Коли повернеться містер Джонсон?”.

7.Він запитав продавця: “Скільки коштує ця картина?”.

8.Вона запитала: “Коли ти надіслав їм телеграму?”.

9.Він запитав мене: “Куди ти хочеш поїхати наступного тижня?”.

10.Ми запитали його: “Коли почнеться конференція?”.

X. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1.Я знав, що делегація приїде завтра.

2.Я вважав (thought), що вони надішлють листа наступного тижня.

3.Вона пообіцяла, що зателефонує ще раз сьогодні.

4.Том сказав, що він був дуже зайнятий.

5.Я знала, що він живе у Шотландії.

6.Мій начальник (supervisor) запитав мене, де я живу.

7.Я не знала, що означає це слово.

8.Вони боялись, що не зможуть прибути о 10.00.

9.Вони пообіцяли, що відвідають нашу конференцію.

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10.Наш професор сказав, що найбільший кінь був зареєстрований у 1903 р., він важив 3,940 фунтів.

11.Лектор сказав, що той гігантський хряк був такий великий, що тягнув свій живіт по землі.

XI. Перекажіть текст.

Livestock Rearing in Great Britain

There are many different breeds of beef cattle. For its size, the Aberdeen Angus produces the greatest amount of meat. It is a polled animal, that is, one without horns. Another important breed is the white-faced Hereford, bred on hill farms along the Welsh border.

Most dairy farms are found in Lancashire, West Yorkshire, south-west Scotland. The largest quantity of milk is given by the Friesians, but their milk contains the least amount of butter-fat, from which butter is maid. The creamiest milk comes from the smaller, Channel Island cows, the Jersey and the Guernsey.

Some cows live for twelve or thirteen years and have as many as ten calves, but most live less than half that time and produce only two or three calves. Heifers are young cows which have not yet produced milk. A heifer starts to give milk as it has its first calf at the age of eighteen to twenty months, and it will go on doing so for nine or ten months. The heifer is called a cow only when it has its second calf. After the second calf is born the mother will give milk for another nine months.

Although there are more than a dozen different breeds of pigs, the two most popular in this country are the Landrace and the Large White. A new British Saddleback breed was formed by crossing the Essex and Wessex Saddlebacks .

Sheep still play the most important part in the farming, and there are large quantity of sheep in Britain. Sheep farms are the largest in the country.

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Прочитайте текст та перекладіть його українською мовою.

THE VITAMINS

The vitamins are classified as fat-soluble and water-soluble. The fat-soluble group includes vitamins A, D, E and K and the water-soluble group – vitamin C and the numerous members of the vitamin B complex.

Vitamin A is a colourless substance of known chemical constitution which is found in the liver oils of fish and animals. It is formed in the animal body from pigments called carotenoids associated in the plant with the green colouring material chlorophyll. Carotene is not very stable and is quickly destroyed in the presence of oxygen. Dried grass of high quality is the best source of the vitamin. Vitamin A deficiency in young cattle is not uncommon. The main signs are failure to thrive, night blindness and, later, total blindness due to damage of the optic nerves. In all animals secondary bacterial infections occur where the deficiency is prolonged, and it may lead to the death of an animal.

Vitamin D was first identified as a substance, present in cod-liver oil, which was essential to the prevention of rickets. Vitamin D, in fact, is often called the anti-rachitic factor. Rickets, the disease due to vitamin D deficiency, is characterized by a failure of the animal to lay down calcium and phosphorus in its bones. Rickets can occur as a result of a deficiency of calcium or phosphorus in the diet.

Vitamin E is a dietary ingredient essential for the reproduction of rats.

Vitamin C is required only by guinea-pigs, humans, and the higher apes, where a lack causes scurvy. Farm animals and birds manufacture the vitamin in their systems.

Vitamin B complex. The remaining water-soluble vitamins are all grouped under this one name. No member of the vitamin B complex is required by adult ruminants, the reason being that the microorganisms of rumen, besides transforming food proteins and breaking down the fibrous constituents of feeds, manufacture the vitamins of B complex in sufficient amounts to meet the needs of their host. Before the rumen of the young animal is fully established it needs a source of these B

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complex vitamins in its ration, but once the rumen flora is established the need comes to an end. Recent experiments have shown that horses do require some member of the vitamin B complex, but it does not appear likely that practical rations would ever be deficient. Hence pigs and poultry, and the farm dog, are the only farm animals which are ever likely to suffer from major deficiencies.

Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1.How are the vitamins classified?

2.What vitamins does the fat-soluble group include?

3.What substances does the water-soluble group include?

4.What is vitamin A like? Where is it found?

5.What are the main signs of vitamin A deficiency?

6.How was vitamin D first identified? Where is it found?

7.What is rickets characterized by?

8.What is vitamin E?

9.Do farm animals and birds require vitamin C and vitamin B complexes?

Вправи

I. Згрупуйте подані нижче слова за частинами мови.

thrive, lead, was identified, is called, anti-rachitic, is characterized, deficiency, lay down, dietary, scurvy, is required, fibrous, appear, sufficient, suffer, deficient.

II. Прочитайте слова та здогадайтесь про їх значення.

calcium, phosphorus, ingredient, reproduction, complex, ration, flora, experiment.

III. Знайдіть спільне слово. a)disease, rickets, brucellosis, tuberculosis

b)vitamin A, substance, water, carotene, oxygen c)pigments, carotenoids, chlorophyll.

IV. Згрупуйте подані нижче слова у синонімічні пари.

oxygen, gas, thrive, grow, ingredient, constituent, manufacture, produce, rumen, stomach, substance, material, sufficient, enough, deficiency, lack.

V.Заповніть пропуски у реченнях, використовуючи слова в дужках.

1.The water-soluble group … vitamin C and the numerous members of the vitamin B complex.

2.Vitamin A … in the liver oils of fish and animals.

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3.Vitamin A … in the animal body from pigments called carotenoids.

4.Carotene … in the presence of oxygen.

5.Secondary bacterial infections … in all animals, where the deficiency of vitamin A … .

6.Vitamin C … only by guinea-pigs, humans, and the higher apes.

7.Farm animals and birds … the vitamin in their systems.

8.Before the rumen of a young animal … it needs a source of B complex vitamins.

9.Pigs, poultry and farm dogs … to suffer from major deficiencies.

(is prolonged, manufacture, is found, is formed, are likely, is destroyed, includes, occur, is required, is established).

VI. Підберіть терміни до їх визначень.

VII. Утворіть одне речення з поданих двох, використовуючи герундій та слова в дужках. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

Зразок:

The hands may be contaminated with disease bacteria and they are not necessarily infected. (without) The hands may be contaminated with disease bacteria without being infected.

1.Pathogenic bacteria can produce an infection. (be capable of)

2.A contaminated object is one that contains bacteria. They can produce disease. (be

capable of)

3.The microorganisms of rumen can break down the fibrous constituents of feeds. (are

capable of)

4.You can make up for the lack of Vitamin D. You should take fish-liver oil. (by)

5.The dogs pant. They can lower their body temperature. (by)

6.Bacteria clean up our environment. They feed on toxic wastses, petroleum and sewage.

(by)

7.The microorganisms of rumen can transform food proteins. (are capable of).

VIII. Утворіть питальні та заперечні форми за зразком:

The vitamins are classified as fat-soluble and water-soluble.

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