Posibnik_-_2011

Прочитайте текст та перекладіть його українською мовою.

FARM ANIMALS

Farm animals belong to the large group of animals known as vertebrates, or animals with a backbone. Fishes, birds and mammals all have a backbone and are vertebrates. But most of the ordinary farm animals with the exception of poultry belong to the class of mammals, that is animals which suckle their young.

Some of the farm animals, such as cattle and sheep, ruminate, while others do not. In ruminants the stomach is not simple, as in the pig, but consists of four parts.

Farm animals serve man by furnishing him food, clothing and supplying many other necessary products and services. Some parts of animal bodies, such as skins, wool, furs, feather, bones, are valuable raw materials for various industries. The meat we eat is furnished largely by cattle, sheep, swine and poultry (fowls, geese, ducks, turkeys etc.). We get honey from bees. Much of our clothing is made of wool from sheep.

Horses, mules and oxen have been used by man for many kinds of work, although much of the work formally done by farm animals is now performed by tractors, lorries and other machinery.

Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1.What group of animals do we call vertebrates?

2.What ruminant animals do you know?

3.What can you tell about the stomach in ruminants?

4.How do farm animals serve man?

5.What is the meat we eat furnished by?

6.What for horses, mules and oxen have been used by man?

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Вправи

I. Знайдіть зайве слово.

1.horses, mules, oxen, pigs, sheep, tractors, cattle

2.geese, ducks, swine, turkeys, fowls

3.fat, butter, honey, horns, milk, sour-cream, meat

4.goats, sheep, cattle, fowls.

II. Знайдіть спільне слово.

1.bones, feather, furs, skins, wool, products, meat, milk

2.fishes, mammals, vertebrates, birds, reptiles

3.animals, buffalo, kangaroo, rabbit, nutria, mink

4.stomach, skin, heart, horn, hair, parts of a body, head, wool.

III. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1.Mammals are animals that produce milk for their young.

2.Clothing is often made of animal products.

3.The backbone consists of bones, which are joined together along the back.

4.Skins, wool, fur, feather, bones and other parts of animal bodies are valuable raw materials for various industries.

5.Animals cannot live without food.

6.The stomach of ruminants is not simple, as in the pig.

7.Last year the farm began to raise turkeys.

8.Vertebrates are much better known, but are much fewer in number than invertebrates.

IV. Складіть речення та перекладіть їх.

V. Погодьтеся з твердженнями або спростуйте їх.

Зразок A:. Mammals are the animals which suckle their young. Do you agree with me? Yes, you are quite right. Mammals are the animals which suckle their young.

Зразок B: Farm animals belong to the group of invertebrates. Am I right? No, you are wrong. Most farm animals belong to the group of vertebrates.

1.Cattle and sheep ruminate.

2.In ruminants the stomach is simple.

3.The eggs we eat are furnished largely by chickens.

4.Much of our clothing is made of feather from fowls.

5.Much of the work is now performed by tractors, lorries and other machinery.

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VI.У даних словосполученнях визначте ключові слова та означення до них. Перекладіть рідною мовою.

Animal life, grain crops, poultry farm, animal products, milk yield, beef cattle, bee-hive, pig production, fish farming, milk farm production, silver-fox farm, farm house, farm-hand, zoo keeper, cattle-dealer, cattle-pen, cattle-plague, cattle-ranch, cattle breeder, farm animals breeding, live-stock breeding.

VII. Використовуючи таблицю пасивного стану дієслів, знайдіть присудки в реченнях та вкажіть, якими часовими формами вони виражені.

Passive Voice

1.Much of our clothing is made of wool from sheep. 2.Horses have been used by man as a source of power for a long time. 3.Many kinds of work are being performed by tractors, lorries and other machinery. 4.Many necessary products are supplied by farm animals. 5.The first domesticated horses were used by man for meat and skin. 6.These breeds of horses will be used in sport. 7.When young pigs were being suckled by their mother they received small portions of food at regular intervals. 8.The cows were milked after they had been fed. 9.The new fodder will have been brought by the end of the week. 10.Much of work has been done by livestock experts in improving our cattle breeds. 11.Some breeds of sheep have been raised for wool production. 12.Vertebrates are divided into several classes. 13.Agriculture is considered as an important branch of the national economy. 14.The chemists believe that animals like plants are mostly made up of such elements as oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. 15.Bee keeping is intensively practised on private plots.

VIII. Перекладіть речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на форми присудків.

1.Bee-hives (вулики) have to be constructed in a proper way.

2.Аnimals diseases must be controlled or prevented by veterinary doctors.

3.Different modern methods should be employed by the breeders of cattle.

4.Wild animals and plants must be conserved and restored by people.

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IX. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1.Хребетні підрозділяються на риб, птахів, ссавців та інші класи тварин.

2.М’ясо, що ми їмо, в основному, постачається великою рогатою худобою, вівцями, свинями та птицею.

3.Більшість нашого одягу виготовляється із вовни овець.

4.Коні та бики завжди використовувалися людиною для багатьох видів робіт.

5.Більшість сільськогосподарських робіт зараз виконується тракторами та іншою технікою.

6.Перед тим, як подоїти, корів нагодували.

7.Перші одомашнені тварини використовувалися людиною для м’яса та шкіри.

8.Новий корівник (barn) буде побудований наступного року.

9.Нашій лабораторії незабором надішлють нове обладнання.

10.Цей закон обговорюється зараз нашим урядом.

X. Вставте потрібне слово, використовуючи слова в дужках:

(proud, fast or quick, sly, angry or mad, gentle, wise, free, slow, graceful, hungry, stubborn, silly, busy, playful)

Зразок: 1. playful as a kitten.

XI. Підберіть потрібне слово.

1.Sheep farmers in Australia have constant wars against ____________. a)dingoes b)kangaroos c)buffaloes d)rabbits

2.Farm animals belong to the large group of _______________. a)invertebrates b)vertebrates c)reptiles d)grains

3.In ruminants the stomach consists of ____________ parts. a)10 b)4 c)2 d)3.

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4.Farm animals serve man by furnishing him ________________. a)oxygen and nitrogen b)magazines and newspapers c)food and manure d)TV and computers

5.Some of the animals such as ________________ruminate.

a)wolves and foxes b)toads and lizards c)monkeys and crocodiles d)cattle and sheep

6.Some parts of animal bodies, such as ___________________ are valuable raw materials for various industries.

a)feather and bones b)tails and teeth c)wool and furs d)eyes and ears. 7.The meat we eat is furnished largely by________________.

a)pigeons and sparrows b)bees and butterflies c)tigers and lions d) cattle and swine. 8.We get honey from_________________.

XII. Перекажіть текст.

FARM ANIMALS

Farm animals belong to the large group of animals known as vertebrates, or animals with a backbone. Fishes, birds and mammals all have a backbone and are vertebrates. But most of the ordinary farm animals with the exception of poultry belong to the class of mammals, that is animals which suckle their young.

Some of the farm animals, such as cattle and sheep, ruminate, while others do not. In ruminants the stomach is not simple, as in the pig, but consists of four parts.

Farm animals serve man by furnishing him food, clothing and supplying many other necessary products and services. Some parts of animal bodies, such as skins, wool, furs, feather, bones, are valuable raw materials for various industries. The meat we eat is furnished largely by cattle, sheep, swine and poultry (fowls, geese, ducks, turkeys etc.). We get honey from bees. Much of our clothing is made of wool from sheep.

Horses, mules and oxen have been used by man for many kinds of work, although much of the work formally done by farm animals is now performed by tractors, lorries and other machinery.

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UNIT 14.

KINDS OF FARMING IN GREAT BRITAIN

Повторіть слова за диктором.

Прочитайте текст та перекладіть його українською мовою.

KINDS OF FARMING IN GREAT BRITAIN

The main kinds of farming practised in Britain are hill-sheep farming, stockrearing, dairying, mixed, intensive, and arable farming.

Each farmer chooses the kind of farming which is best suited to his own land.

Many farmers with rich, flat land have arable farms which grow crops. Farmers whose land is suitable often keep milking cows on their dairy farms. Some farmers with hilly land keep sheep and others specialize in pigs or poultry. And some farmers grow crops and keep animals as well; their farms are called mixed farms.

The kind of farming depends on many things: on climate, slope, soil and altitude.

There are many pigs, poultry and dairy cows on the farms below Downs. This region has many mixed farms, with some arable land for growing crops and some grasslands for grazing cattle.

At Wortthing, we see small farms which consist almost entirely of glasshouses, in which there are cucumbers and tomatoes. This is an example of intensive farming, where only one or two special crops are grown. When we drive north-east into Kent we see another example of intensive farming: the orchards of cherry, pear or apple trees and the hop-gardens. Hops are used in making beer.

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The arable farms of the Fens provide wheat and barley, potatoes and other vegetables such as sugar beet. Much of livestock is kept on pasturelands of the West.

Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1.What are the main kinds of farming in Great Britain?

2.What kind of farming does each farmer choose?

3.What does the kind of farming depend on?

4.What region has many mixed farms?

5.What is intensive farming?

6.What do arable farms provide?

7.What is kept on pasturelands of the West?

Intensive, crops, special, is suited, consist of, grassland, pastureland, chooses, are called, keep, glasshouses, to specialize in, farmers, arable, hilly, are grown, mixed, are used, beer, provide, livestock, is kept, dairy, region, depends on.

II. Знайдіть спільне слово.

1.sheep, pigs, livestock, cows

2.wheat, barley, potatoes, crops, hops, sugar beet, tomatoes

3.arable farming, sheep farming, stockrearing, kind of farming, dairying.

III. Згрупуйте подані нижче слова у синоніми.

Agriculture, grassland, dairy, grazing, milk, growing, farming, pastureland, soil, rearing, land, pasture.

IV. Заповніть пропуски у реченнях, використовуючи слова в дужках.

1.This farmer has rich land. He …crops.

2.Milking cows … on dairy farms.

3.Some farmers … in stockrearing.

4.Arable lands of this region …wheat and barley, potatoes and sugar beet.

5.These small farms … glasshouses.

6.The kind of farming … climate, slope, soil and altitude

7.The football …on the TV with great interest by everybody in our hostel. (consist of, depends on, grows, are kept, was watched, provide, specialize in)

V. Підберіть терміни до їх визначень.

growing plants

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VI. Перетворіть речення за зразком:

Зразок: Farmers use hops in making beer. (Активний стан). Hops are used in making beer. (Пасивний стан).

1.Farmers practice different kinds of farming in Great Britain.

2.Farmers choose the kind of farming.

3.This breed (порода) of cattle produces a great amount of meat.

4.The farmers form a new breed by crossing two another breeds.

5.Most farmers keep dairy herd (стадо) on mixed farms.

6.About 65 million years ago, a giant asteroid struck Earth and wiped out the dinosaurs.

7.Marsupials bear their young at a much earlier stage of development than other animals.

VII. Утворіть питальні та заперечні форми за зразком.

Зразок: This kind of farming is suited to this land.

Питання: Is this kind of farming suited to this land? (загальне).

Why is this kind of farming suited to this land? (спеціальне).

Is this kind of farming suited to this land or not? (альтернативне). This kind of farming is suited to this land, isn`t it? (розділове).

Заперечення: This kind of farming is not suited to this land.

1.On this farm only one or two special crops are grown.

2.Milking cows are kept on dairy farms.

3.Domesticated birds are used for food or egg production.

4.Stock-rearing is used by many farmers.

5.Bacteria are found in various parts of the body.

6.Tuberculosis is found mostly in cattle, poultry and swine.

VIII. Виконайте вправу за зразком. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

Зразок: In future the problem of unemployment (to settle). In future the problem of unemployment will be settled. У майбутньому проблема безробіття буде вирішена.

1.People (to give) more time to enjoy themselves. 2. Much work (to perform) by machines. 3. Many teachers (to replace) by computers. 4. New sources of energy (to found) by scientists. 5. The energy (to use) more efficiently by people. 6. The problem of feeding people (to improve).7. All the nuclear weapon (to destroy). 8. Many ecological problems (to solve). 9. Life expectancy (to increase). 10. The cure for cancer (to find).

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IX. Утворіть питальні та заперечні форми за зразком.

Зразок:This bank was founded 2 years ago (твердження). Was this bank founded 2 years ago? (загальне питання). When was this bank founded? (спеціальне питання). This bank was not founded 2 years ago (заперечення).

1.Alaska is separated from the USA by Canada.

2.The exhibition of plants will be closed tomorrow.

3.The Statue of Liberty in New York was built in 1886.

4.English is spoken in the USA, India, Australia and many other countries.

5.America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

6.A new part of the world was called after Amerigo Vespucci.

7.Alaska was bought by the USA from Russia in 1867.

8.The first national park Yellowstone was established in 1872.

9.The first U.S. zoo was opened in Philadelphia in 1874.

10.Manufacturing of blue jeans was started by Levis Strauss in 1850.

X. Спростуйте твердження або дайте згоду на них.

Зразок 1: A.: Sheep farming is not practised in Britain nowadays. Do you agree with me?

B.: No, that’s wrong. Sheep farming is practised in Britain nowadays. Зразок 2: A.: Farmers grow crops and keep animals on mixed farms.

Do you agree with me? B.: Yes, you are (quite) right.

Farmers really grow crops and keep animals on mixed farms.

1.Farmers keep pigs on dairy farms.

2.Farmers with hilly lands grow wheat and barley.

3.The kind of farming depends on climate, slope, soil and altitude.

4.Arable lands don`t provide wheat, barley and other crops.

5.Much of livestock is kept on pasturelands of the West.

XI. Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.

1.На фермах з родючим ґрунтом вирощуються різні сільськогосподарські культури.

2.Змішані ферми – це ферми з орними землями для вирощування сільгоспкультур та пасовищами для випасу худоби.

3.Інтенсивне господарство– це господарство, де вирощуються лише одна або дві спеціальні

культури.

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4.Багато худоби утримується на пасовиськах у західному регіоні Британії.

5.Хміль використовують у виробництві пива.

6.Тип господарства залежить від клімату, рельєфу поверхні, грунту та ін.

7.Проблема механізації ферми буде вирішена в наступному році.

8.Ця робота буде завершена наступного тижня.

9.Ця ферма була побудована 10 років тому.

10.Група тісно пов’язаних видів називається рід.

XII. Перекажіть текст.

KINDS OF FARMING IN GREAT BRITAIN

The main kinds of farming practised in Britain are hill-sheep farming, stockrearing, dairying, mixed, intensive, and arable farming.

Each farmer chooses the kind of farming which is best suited to his own land.

Many farmers with rich, flat land have arable farms which grow crops. Farmers whose land is suitable often keep milking cows on their dairy farms. Some farmers with hilly land keep sheep and others specialize in pigs or poultry. And some farmers grow crops and keep animals as well; their farms are called mixed farms.

The kind of farming depends on many things: on climate, slope, soil and altitude.

There are many pigs, poultry and dairy cows on the farms below Downs. This region has many mixed farms, with some arable land for growing crops and some grassland for grazing cattle.

At Wortthing, we see small farms which consist almost entirely of glasshouses, in which there are cucumbers and tomatoes. This is an example of intensive farming, where only one or two special crops are grown.

Much of livestock is kept on pasturelands of the West.

UNIT 15.

LIVESTOCK REARING IN GREAT BRITAIN

Повторіть слова за диктором.

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