STARTUP

STARTUP

Syntax

STARTUP [FORCE] [RESTRICT] [PFILE=filename] [MOUNT [dbname]

| OPEN [open_options] [dbname] | NOMOUNT]

where open_options has the following syntax:

READ {ONLY | WRITE [RECOVER]} | RECOVER

Starts an Oracle instance with several options, including mounting and opening a database. You cannot use STARTUP to start Oracle7 instances.

Terms

Refer to the following list for a description of each term and clause:

FORCE

Shuts down the current Oracle instance (if it is running) with SHUTDOWN mode ABORT, before restarting it. If the current instance is running and FORCE is not specified, an error results. FORCE is useful while debugging and under abnormal circumstances. It should not normally be used.

RESTRICT

Only allows Oracle users with the RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege to connect to the database. Later, you can use the ALTER SYSTEM command to disable the restricted session feature.

PFILE=filename

Causes the specified parameter file to be used while starting up the instance. If PFILE is not specified, then the default STARTUP parameter file is used. The default file used is platform specific. For example, the default file is $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora on UNIX, and %ORACLE_HOME%\database\initORCL.ora on Windows.

MOUNT dbname

Mounts a database but does not open it.

dbname is the name of the database to mount or open. If no database name is specified, the database name is taken from the initialization parameter DB_NAME.

Command Reference 5-105

STARTUP

OPEN

Mounts and opens the specified database.

NOMOUNT

Causes the database not to be mounted upon instance startup.

Cannot be used with MOUNT, or OPEN.

RECOVER

Specifies that media recovery should be performed, if necessary, before starting the instance. STARTUP RECOVER has the same effect as issuing the RECOVER DATABASE command and starting an instance.

Only complete recovery is possible with the RECOVER option.

Recovery proceeds, if necessary, as if AUTORECOVERY is set to ON, regardless of whether or not AUTORECOVERY is enabled. If a redo log file is not found in the expected location, recovery continues as if AUTORECOVERY is disabled, by prompting you with the suggested location and name of the subsequent log files that need to be applied.

Usage

You must be connected to a database as SYSOPER, or SYSDBA. You cannot be connected via a multi-threaded server.

STARTUP with no arguments is equivalent to STARTUP OPEN.

STARTUP OPEN RECOVER mounts and opens the database even when recovery fails.

Examples

To start an instance using the standard parameter file, mount the default database, and open the database, enter

STARTUP

or enter

STARTUP OPEN database

To start an instance using the standard parameter file, mount the default database, and open the database, enter

STARTUP FORCE RESTRICT NOMOUNT

5-106 iSQL*Plus User’s Guide and Reference

STARTUP

To start an instance using the parameter file TESTPARM without mounting the database, enter

STARTUP PFILE=testparm NOMOUNT

To shutdown a particular database, immediately restart and open it, allow access only to database administrators, and use the parameter file MYINIT.ORA. enter

STARTUP FORCE RESTRICT PFILE=myinit.ora OPEN database

To startup an instance and mount but not open a database, enter

CONNECT / as SYSDBA

Connected to an idle instance.

Command Reference 5-107

TIMING

TIMING

Syntax

TIMI[NG] [START text|SHOW|STOP]

Records timing data for an elapsed period of time, lists the current timer’s name and timing data, or lists the number of active timers.

Terms

Refer to the following list for a description of each term or clause:

START text

Sets up a timer and makes text the name of the timer. You can have more than one active timer by STARTing additional timers before STOPping the first; SQL*Plus nests each new timer within the preceding one. The timer most recently STARTed becomes the current timer.

SHOW

Lists the current timer’s name and timing data.

STOP

Lists the current timer’s name and timing data, then deletes the timer. If any other timers are active, the next most recently STARTed timer becomes the current timer.

Enter TIMING with no clauses to list the number of active timers. For other information about TIMING, see SET AUTOTRACE

Usage

You can use this data to do a performance analysis on any commands or blocks run during the period.

For information about the data TIMING displays, see the Oracle installation and user’s manual(s) provided for your operating system. Refer to the SET TIMING command for information on automatically displaying timing data after each SQL command or PL/SQL block you run.

To delete all timers, use the CLEAR TIMING command.

5-108 iSQL*Plus User’s Guide and Reference

TIMING

Examples

To create a timer named SQL_TIMER, enter

TIMING START SQL_TIMER

To list the current timer’s title and accumulated time, enter

TIMING SHOW

To list the current timer’s title and accumulated time and to remove the timer, enter

TIMING STOP

Command Reference 5-109