Инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции (The Infinitive and the Infinitive Constructions)

Формы инфинитива

	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to drill	be drilled
Continuous	to be drilling	—
Perfect	to have drilled	to have been drilled
Perfect Continuous	to have been drilling	—

Функции инфинитива в предложении

1. Подлежащее

То explain this fact is not so easy.

Объяснить этот факт не так уж просто.

или

Объяснение этого факта не такое уж простое.

2. Обстоятельство

а) цели

(In order) To conduct this experiment the researchers used new equipment. Для того, чтобы провести этот эксперимент (Для проведения этого эксперимента) исследователи использовали новое оборудование.

б) следствия

Molecules are too small to be seen with the most powerful microscope.

Молекулы слишком малы для того, чтобы их можно было увидеть даже в самый сильный микроскоп.

Молекулы слишком Малы, поэтому их нельзя увидеть даже в самый сильный микроскоп. Molecules are not large enough to be seen with the most powerful microscope. Молекулы недостаточно велики, чтобы их можно было увидеть.... Молекулы недостаточно велики и их нельзя увидеть даже в самый ...

3. Определение

Drake was the first to drill a commercial well.

Дрейк первым пробурил промышленную скважину.

We observed the experiment to be described later.

Мы наблюдали за экспериментом, который будет (должен быть) описан позже.

Here is the information to be referred to.

Вот информация, на которую следует (будут) ссылаться.

Petroleum Engineering

33

Unit 2

4. Часть составного сказуемого

The aim of this experiment is to produce a new material.

Цель данного эксперимента заключается в том, чтобы получить новый материал.

(Цель данного эксперимента - получить . . . , получение. . . .)

New sources of energy are to be found.

Новые источники энергии должны быть найдены.

Ex. 8 State the functions of the Infinitive in the following sentences. Translate the sentences.

1. To move oil from the place of production to the place of consumption is of prime importance.

2. To move oil from the oil field a new pipeline should be constructed.

1. The pipeline to transport oil from the place of production to the place of consumption is under construction.

3. The problem is to forecast how much water will be produced.

2. The people in the oil industry have to be broadly knowledgeable to find and to apply new technologies.

4. To be usable oil must be refined.

5. The effect is too small to be detected.

6. The most important parameter to be examined is the rock porosity of the formation.

7. To raise the field production is to increase the volume of oil to be transported.

8. To prevent energy shortage scientists are experimenting with different sources of energy.

9. The new discoveries to be spoken of were made in this field.

Конструкция "Сложное дополнение с инфинитивом" (The Complex Object Construction)

We know oilmen (them) to use rotary

drilling

Мы знаем, что нефтяники (они)

применяют роторное бурение.

We know the oilmen (them) to be using rotary drilling at the given moment. Мы знаем, что нефтяники (они) в данный момент применяют роторное бурение.

We know the oilmen (them) to have already used new BOtary drilling equipment. Мы знаем, что нефтяники (они) уже использовали новое оборудование для роторного бурения.

We know rotary drilling (it) to be used all over the world. Мы знаем, что во всем мире применяют роторное бурение (его).

We know rotary drilling (it) to have been used

in this oil field.

Мы знаем, что роторное бурение (оно)

применялось на этом нефтяном

месторождении.

II We saw the workers (them) drill the well. Мы видели, что рабочие (они) бурят скважину.

34

Petroleum Engineering

Unit 2

Конструкция "сложное дополнение с инфинитивом" употребляется после следующих глаголов:

know smb (smth) to do see smb (smth)^Tdo smth

assume		— считать, полагать	feel	— чувствовать
believe		— считать, полагать	hear	— слышать
suppose		— полагать, предполагать	see	— видеть
consider		— считать, полагать	watch	— наблюдать
report		— сообщать	observe	— наблюдать
find		— находить, считать	make	— заставлять
expect		— ожидать
know		— знать
think		— думать, полагать
prove		— доказывать
take		— считать
desire		— хотеть
wish		— хотеть, желать
want		— хотеть
require		— требовать
should (would) like		— хотел бы
cause		— заставлять, вызывать, приводить к

Ex. 9 Read the sentences and find the Complex Object Construction with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. We know Popov to have invented radio.

2. The newspapers reported new deposits of gas to have been discovered in West Siberia.

3. Even schoolchildren know electronic equipment to be very complex.

4. Newspapers reported British oil firms to be developing rich deposits of oil in the North Sea.

5. Let us take the distance to be equal 10 km.

6. We know the Earth to turn around the Sun.

7. Many years ago scientists believed the electric current to be a stream of tiny electric particles.

8. The majority of scientists considers oil to be of organic origin.

9. The engineer wants the new device to be tested as soon as possible.

10. The workers required the conditions of their work to be improved

11. We'd like the Government to pay much attention to the protection of the environment.

12. The laboratory assistant watched us make the experiment.

13. The drillers saw the well begin flowing.

14. The engineers saw the turbine begin rotating.

15. Everybody expected the international exhibition "Oil & Gas" to attract many visitors.

Petroleum Engineering

35

Unit 2

Конструкция "Сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом" (The Complex Subject with the Infinitive)

Iron is known to be extracted from iron ore. Известно, что железо получают из железной руды. Железо, как известно, получают из железной руды.

II

Copper seems to be one of the first metals used by man.

Кажется, (что) медь - один из первых металлов, применяемых человеком.

Медь, кажется, - один из первых металлов, применяемых человеком.

III

Laser is likely to find a wider application in future.

Вероятно, (что) лазер найдет более широкое применение в будущем.

Лазер, вероятно, найдет более широкое применение в будущем.

Глаголы-сказуемые в предложениях с конструкцией "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом"

I. Глаголы-сказуемые, употребляемые в конструкции только в страдательном залоге,

assume — считать, полагать

believe — считать, полагать

consider — считать, полагать

suppose — считать, полагать, предполагать

Ihink — сдумать, полагать

expect — ожидать

find — обнаруживать, находить, считать

hear — слышать

know — знать

report — сообщать

say — говорить

see — видеть

• по-видимому, казаться

• по-видимому, казаться

• оказываться

• оказываться

• случиться, случайно оказаться

• случиться, случайно оказаться

• вероятно

• вряд ли, маловероятно

• несомненно, наверняка, конечно

• несомненно, наверняка, конечно

П. Глаголы-сказуемые, употребляемые в конструкции только в действительном залоге, appear seem prove turnout happen chance

III. be likely be unlikely be sure be certain

36 Petroleum Engineering

Unit 2

Ex. 10 Make up sentences using the following blocks.

1	2	3
our age	to be the age of metals	is considered
to be used as fuel	oil and gas	are known
to be resistant to atmospheric corrosion	proves	titanium
can be said	ofl	to be the main source of energy
to have increased greatly	is reported	oil demand
pipeline transportation	to be the most economic way of transporting oil	seems
is likely	gas industry	to move northward
are expected	to hold the annual conference at the end of the year	OPEC producers

Ex. 11 Read the sentences and find the Complex Subject Construction with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1. Basins of this region may be expected to experience increasing exploration and development drilling in coming years.

2. Energy is certain to fuel Russia's and the world's economic growth.

3. Russia's role as an energy supplier and transporter appears to be growing.

4. Currently, Russian natural gas supplies turn out to make up 30% of Europe's annual gas consumption.

5. Economic growth is unlikely to be reached without oil production increase.

6. The agreement doesn't seem to have been signed.

7. Pipelines are considered to be the most economic means of oil and gas transportation.

8. The first well is believed to have been drilled in China about 1100 A.D.

9. These two wells may appear to cross the same formations.

10. The pipeline under construction is likely to bring gas to serve the densely populated areas.

11. Natural gas and coal are said to be the most important fuels after oil.

12. European oil demand is not supposed to decrease these two years.

Ex. 12 Read the sentences and find the constructions:

1. Complex Object

2. Complex Subject. Translate the sentences.

1. A refinery is considered to conduct regular air and water monitoring.

2. Oil specialists consider a refinery to conduct regular air and water monitoring.

Petroleum Engineering

37

Unit 2

3. Consumers worldwide expect the industry to provide them with inexpensive fuel for transportation, heat, and electricity.

4. The industry is expected to provide consumers worldwide with inexpensive fuel for transportation, heat, and electricity.

5. The test proved oil to be of high quality.

6. The two wells proved to be producing oil of high quality.

7. The majority of countries proves to be the consumers of oil, not the producers.

8. The experiments proved the pressure of gas to depend on its concentration.

9. The consumption of oil products appears to grow from year to year.

10. Oil appears at the surface as a black viscous liquid.

Ex. 13 Read the text and comment on different colours of oil. Use the following introductory phrases.

it's common knowledge; generally speaking; to begin with; on the one hand... on the other hand; as mentioned above, etc.