16. Humanities/!

17. skill n

18. insight n

19. brain n

Mendeleyev is recognized all over the world for the discovery of the Periodic Law of elements.

соответственно, в указанном порядке

Samotlor and Urengoi fields, the greatest oil fields in West Siberia,

were discovered in 1965 and 1966, respectively, увеличивать, усиливать, повышать

Catalysts enhance the rate of reactions.

New materials enhance the capabilities of the instruments.

аспирантура

Students entering postgraduate courses are offered exciting opportunities to connect theory with real world subjects and are highly valued by employers worldwide.

относить(ся), иметь отношение

The question is very interesting but it doesn't relate to the subject we are discussing.

факультативный ,

An optional subject is that you can choose or not choose, курс, обязательный по выбору

During the course of studies students take compulsory subjects, then they choose optional disciplines and are also offered a number of elective subjects.

гуманитарные науки

The humanities which are concerned with ancient and modern languages, culture, literature, history and philosophy help develop the world outlook.

умение, мастерство

The programme of the course is to develop necessary skills

in management понимание

The book gives a good insight into the lives of the poor. ум, мозг

She has a quick brain and learns fast.

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Ex. 5 Gubkin State University of Oil and Gas is considered to be the leading educational establishment for training petroleum engineers in Russia.

1. Say what you know about the University.

2. Read me text and say what new information about the University you have got.

UNIVERSITY

«Your future is just round the comer and you must be prepared with the best education you can get.» (Oil and Gas Journal)

The 21 -st century will be an exciting time for science and engineering. People will need resources for food, housing and transportation. However we must find and use those resources in a way that protects the environment.

The earth, its resources, their production and uses are the main concerns of petroleum engineering.

Petroleum engineering is a wide sector of national economy and it requires highly qualified specialists. The petroleum industry is expanding, therefore, it needs employees with engineering knowledge capable of increasing productivity and manufacturing processes. All these create a lot of job opportunities for petroleum engineers.

Thus, more and more school-leavers choose petroleum engineering as their future career.

.Gubkin State University of Oil and Gas ;s Russia's principal education institution of petroleum engineering and a major research center offering training for specialists for all aspects of oil and gas industry.

The institution was founded in 1930 on the initiative of academician I.M. Gubkin, a noted geologist. In 1998 it was given a status of the University.

The University has a staff of experienced scientists, engineers and leading technical experts. Gubkin's professors have been nationally and intemationallyrecognized for academic achievements and research works.

The University offers training at a variety of levels: bachelor, graduate engineer, master, candidate of science, and doctor of science.

Some students decide to jump into the working world after 4 or 5 years of study and they get bachelor's degrees and graduate engineer's diplomas, respectively. Those who want to broaden their education, to study new technologies and enhance employment opportunities seek Master's degree. Those, who want to continue their education at Gubkin postgraduate courses must have a graduate engineer's diploma or a Master's degree.

Training is provided at the faculties of:

1. Faculty of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics

2. Faculty ofOil and Gas Field Development

3. Faculty of Pipeline Network Design, Construction and Operation

4. Faculty of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

5. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

6. Faculty of Automation and Computer Science

7. Faculty of Economics and Management

8. Faculty of Law

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Teaching is focused on traditional technical fields and academic subjects related to the petroleum sector.

Scientists and engineers don't work in a vacuum, and they can't succeed unless they can express Jieir ideas. Technical education is combined with optional and elective courses in the humanities and social sciences to strengthen writing and speaking skills and give a specialist insights into today's complex world.

Students can also gain valuable industry experience (while in the last two years).

The University graduates can get an education that will "exercise'' their brain, develop their ability to think logically and solve problems. These are the skills that will be valuable throughout their life.

Prepared with technical competence, creative problem-solving abilities and practical experience Gubkin's graduates are in great demand in the petroleum industry both in Russia and abroad.

Ex.6 State the part of speech of the following words:

Expanding, opportunity, fruitful, school-leavers, principal, academician, scientist, academic, achievement, respectively, broaden, valuable, competent, education, creative, decision, alteration, rontaminate, flexibility, darkness, accessible, useless, protective, pollution, partnership, optimize, modify, dangerous, width, physical, electric.

Ex. 7 Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations in the text:

Ex.8

1.	in such a manner	9. correspondingly
2.	to demand	10. to widen
3.	production	11. to improve
4.	chance	12. branch
5.	to be established	13. connected to
6.	skillful	14. to get experience
7.	to provide training	15. to train one's brain
8.	make up one's mind
]	Find antonyms to the following words and word combin*
1.	boring	7. to narrow
2.	to contract	8. unemployment
3.	to decrease	9. compulsory course
4.	to destroy	10. to weaken
5.	fruitless	11. to fail in smth.
6.	unknown

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Ex.9 Match A and В.

	A		В
1.	нефтегазовое дело	1.	exciting time
2.	производственные процессы	2.	writing and speaking skills
3.	дипломированный специалист	3.	engineering knowledge
4.	возможности трудоустройства	4.	petroleum engineering
5.	учебные предметы	5.	to gain practical experience
6.	пользоваться большим спросом	6.	fiuitful opportunities
7.	способности решать проблемы	7.	academic subjects
8.	удивительное время	8.	manufacturing processes
9.	технические знания	9.	employment opportunities
10.	благоприятные возможности	10.	to be in great demand
11.	учебное заведение	И.	to seek Master's degree
12.	получить практический опыт	12	educational institution
13.	навыки письма и говорения	13	problem-solving abilities
14.	обучаться в магистратуре	14	graduate engineer

Ex. 10 Render the text into English.

Поступая в Губкинский университет, выпускники школ выбирают будущую карьеру в одной из самых важных отраслей промышленности. Поскольку нефтегазовая отрасль динамично развивается, ей требуются различные специалисты с хорошей инженерно-технической подготовкой. Несомненно, такие специалисты должны знать всю технологическую цепочку нефтегазового дела, т.е. «до» и «после» трубы.

Стоит упомянуть, РГУ нефти и газа им. И.М. Губкина - головной ВУЗ нефтегазовой отрасли. Университет предлагает подготовку специалистов по 61 программе высшего профессионального образования: дипломированные специалисты, бакалавры, магистры, кандидаты и доктора наук. Высокая квалификация профессорско-преподавательского состава дает возможность студентам получить хорошую профессиональную подготовку и практические навыки.

Обучение ведется на 8 факультетах, где студенты получают профессиональные навыки, развивают способности мыслить логически и решать различные проблемы. Студенты геологического факультета изучают методы прогноза, поиска, разведки и подсчета запасов нефти и газа. Бурение, разработка и эксплуатация нефтяных и газовых месторождений, включая морские месторождения, исследования в области физики пласта и гидравлики, измерительно-вычислительная система - комплекс инженерных профессий выпускников факультета РН и ГМ. Проектированием, сооружением и эксплуатацией газонефте-транспортных магистралей занимаются выпускники факультета ПСиЭСТТ. Специалисты, окончившие факультет XT и Э, реализуют свои знания в области переработки нефти и газа, создания высокоэффективных, экологически чистых реагентов для повышения нефтегазодобычи. Факультет инженерной механики готовит специалистов, умеющих создавать и работать с современными нефтегазовыми машинами, оборудованием и сооружениями, управлять рисками на производстве. Факультет АиВТ обеспечивает

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предприятия нефтегазовой отрасли квалифицированными специалистами по проек­тированию и применению средств и систем автоматизации и вычислительной техники.

Выпускники ФЭУ получают знания и умения, которые помогут им управлять предприятиями нефтегазового комплекса и обеспечить ему высокую эффективность работы, конкурентоспособность и стабильное положение на рынке. Факультет права готовит специалистов в области правового обеспечения деятельности предприятий и организаций нефтегазового комплекса.

Необходимо отметить, что РГУ нефти и газа им. И.М. Губкина является всемирно признанным учебным и научным центром по подготовке специалистов нефтегазового комплекса. В заключение можно сказать, что выпускники РГУ нефти и газа им. И.М. Губкина могут найти работу по профилю, т.к. предприятия нефтегазовой отрасли знают о профессиональной компетентности и творческих способностях губкинцев.

Ex. 11 Read the main facts from the history of the Russian petroleum industry. Choose those connected with your profession.

1273 AD Marco Polo, on his way to China, records that oil is a subject of trade.

1692 The first mention of Ukhta oilfield in literature.

1750 M. V. Lomonosov examines Ukhta oil in the laboratory of the Russian Academy of

Sciences. 1837 Mining engineer N.I. Voskoboynikov designs new stills (перегонный аппарат,

дистиллятор) for oil distillation and kerosene production for lightning in Balakhan

near Baku. 1846 V.N. Semyonov in Bibi-Eibat area of the Apsheron Peninsular drills the first exploration

wells to the depth of 21 metres. 1857 Two industrialists V. A. Kokorev and P.I. Gubonin construct the first refinery in Surahan

(Baku).

1864 The first oil gusher (выброс, фонтан) strikes from the well drilled by A.N. Novosiltsev in Krasnodar region.

1865 Engineer Ivanitsky invents apump (насос) for oil extraction from a well. 1870 A. Sokhansky begins to produce lubricating oils.

1873 An Astrakhan merchant (купец) N.I. Artemyev is the first to ship oil in tanks from

Baku to Astrakhan. 1873 The Nobels establish the Nobel Brothers Oil Extracting Partnership. Baku oil field

development gets under way. 1876 V.G. Shukhov invents a nozzle (насадка, форсунка) for burning liquid fuel.

1879 The Nobel Brothers Partnership constructs the first oil pipeline in Russia from Balakhan

to Baku. The pipeline is designed by V.G. Shukhov.

A number of refineries are built near Yaroslavl and Nizhniy Novgorod.

Mendeleyev publishes a paper on the inorganic theory of the petroleum origin. 1882 The establishment of Geological Committee of Russia.

1893 Commercial oil production starts in Grosny region.

1905 The largest pipeline in the world at that time, from Baku to Batumi to transport kerosene

is put into operation. The length ofit is 883 km, the diametre—200 mm, it is equipped

with 16 pumping stations.

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1913. LM.Gubkin discovers oil deposits in Maikop region.

1914. The oil pipeline from Grosny to Petrovsk (now Makhatchkala) is built. 1918 The Moscow Mining Academy is founded.

1922. The first large Okha oil field in Sakhalin is discovered.

1922. M. A. Kapelushnikov invents and introduces into industry one-stage turbodrill with gear reducer (редуктор, редукционная передача).

1929 The Tuapse refinery is put into operation.

Sokolov proposes oil prospecting by use of surface gas survey method.

1930 The Moscow Oil Institute is established at the initiative of academician I.M. Gubkin (the ancestor of the Gubkin State University of Oil and Gas).

1932. The unique Yarega heavy oil field is discovered in Petchora basin.

1932. The first inclined (наклонная) well is drilled by rotary method in the former USSR in Baku.

1932. The Ukhta refinery is put into operation.

1932. The first gas complex in the North of the European part of the USSR is founded (Ukhta region).

1933. The first in the world multistage turbodrill is designed by P.P. Shymilov,E.I.Tagievand R. A. Ioannesyan.

1934. The discovery ofTuimasinsk and Syzransk oil fields, Buguruslan gas field, Cambrian oil inYakutiya.

The Berdyansk cracking plant is put into operation. Horizontal drilling, Yarega, USSR.

1939. Russian drillers initiate directional drilling with turbodrill.

1940. Russia develops multisection turbodrills.

1942 The discovery of a gas field in Saratov region.

Orenburg, Syzran and Komsomolsk refineries are put into service.

1943 Cluster (кустовое) drilling begins in Russia.

1946 The first in the USSR long-distance gas pipeline Saratov-Moscow is constructed.

1948. The Ufa Oil Institute affiliates to the Moscow Oil Institute named after I.M. Gubkin. Romashkinskoye oil field is discovered in Tatar Republik.

1949. 3D directional drilling (spiral-directed wells) develops in USSR

1952. The discovery of the first offshore oil field "Neftyaniue Kamni" in the Caspian Sea. Russia develops retractable (раздвижное) drill bit technology.

1953. The first powerful gasser near Beryozovo settlement in West Siberia marks the discovery of the largest gas producing region.

Alexander Grigoryan drills multilateral well in Russia. ,

1955 The Soviet Union begins exporting oil.

1960- 1966 These years are characterized by the discoveries of oil, gas and gas condensate fields

in different parts of this country, among them such giants as Samotlor oil field (2.6

billion tons), Urengoy gas field (7.5 tern). 1961 The method of combustion of oil in-situ is first used in Kuban region.

1963. Russia begins commercial application of electrodrilling system.

1964. The trans-European oil pipeline "Druzhba" is built. 1966 The trunk gas pipeline is laid from Buhara to the Urals.

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1967 The Ukhta Industrial Institute affiliates to the Moscow Institute of Petrochemical and

Gas Industry named after I.M. Gubkin. The first Siberian trunk gas pipeline Nadym-Ukhta-Torzhok is put into service.

1972 The commercial gas production from Medvezheye gas field begins.

Russia uses heavy-wall aluminium drill pipe, tri-cone underreamers (расширитель).

1973 The Soviet Union completes the Northern Lights system, the first dedicated gas export pipeline from Siberia to Europe.

1975. Russia uses retrievable (съемная) system for superdeep drilling and coring development

1976. Astrakhan gas field is discovered.

1978. The trans-continental gas pipeline Orenburg — the western border of the USSR ("Soyuz") is put into operation.

1979. Discovery ofsupergiantTengiz oil field in Kazakh SSR.

1983 The trunk gas pipeline Urengoi-Pomary-Uzhgorod is constructed.

Russian drillers surpass 40.000 ft (12.263 m) 1993 Verticallyintegrated companies "LUKOLL", "YUKOS", "SURGUTNEFTEGAS" are

formed. 1999 Russia (Aquatic Co.) develops aluminium drilling riser.

Ex.12 Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.

Any progressing student, particularly those studying science or engineering thinks of his or her career prospects. Such students never miss an opportunity to gain practical experience, to attend technical conferences or to speak with the workers from the industry. That's why the folks at Anadarko Petroleum Corp., Houston, invited petroleum engineering students who were attending the Society of Petroleum Engineers' (SPE) annual technical conference to discuss their problems. The students represented petroleum engineering departments of 19 universities in the US and abroad. These Universities train specialists for petroleum industry and offer a petroleum engineering degree.

The students discussed their job prospects, spoke about their job interviews for summer intern positions and field experience. One of the students who had been employed to work for Anadarko last summer said:

"I was in production doing frac jobs*, completions, and workovers. The biggest frac job was 400,000 lb (of proppant) and we pumped it at 100 bbl/min (injection rate). It was a neat experience, because we had so many frac jobs going on. I was able to sit in on 11 or 12 of them during the summer."

"It was really good, helping me to learn frac techniques and the theory behind fracturing in general. When you get out to the field and experience it hands-on, you grasp the concept much better than sitting in a classroom."

When asked about possible careers after graduation some students said they wanted to work offshore. While others wanted to work onshore.

Anadarko vice-president and chief information officer stressed that oil and gas companies absolutely depend on new graduates to complete their growing work force. Students the companies employ are top graduates with skills that can be used immediately.

* frac job — fracturing job

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a) Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. Most students don't think of their career prospects.

2. Students can gain professional knowledge attending technical scientific conferences.

3. Field experience helps combine theory and practice much better than classroom studies.

4. The companies mostly employ top graduates.

b) Answer the following questions.

1. When do students begin thinking of their professional career.

2. What skills must a graduate possess?

3. Why is it important for students to take part in scientific conferences?

4. What experience do students gain during summer practice?

5. Speak on your field practice.

Ex. 13 This exercise is to help you to write a letter of application, C.V. (автобиография, резюме) and application form. C.V. is short for Curriculum Vitae, me Latin for "the course of life". Read the job applications that are given in the exercise and do the following tasks:

1. Write your own letter of application and C.V.

2. Fill in the application form.

A Letter of Application

^FJat6

81 String Street London * SE316YH

11 May 2001

MrG.Parland

Personnel Manager

J J Engineering

Enterprise Road

Manchester Ml6 7TY

DearMrParland

Vacancy for Graduate Engineer

I would like to be considered for the post of graduate engineer (reference E 1563) as advertised in New Engineer magazine on 6 May. I attach my C.V.

I will complete my BSc* (Hons)** Environmental Technology degree at the University of South London in July. In my final year I have been carrying out a project on sustainable materials use in motorcycles. This has increased my interest in the practical aspects of environmental technology. I also Kave practical engineering experience from Vacation jobs.

Yours Sincerely, JeffiyAlmondi

* BSc — Bachelor of Science

** Hons — with Honors (с отличием)

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	c.v. Jeffrey ALMONDI
ADDRESS	Flat 6 81 String Street London SE31 6YH
TELEPHONE	07777213886
DATEOFB1RTH	13 November, 1978
NATIONALITY	British

EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS

1998 to 2001

University of South London

Studying for BSc (Hons), Environmental Technology

Due to graduate July 2001.

Final year project: Sustainable materials use in motorcycles.

This has considered strategies for more sustainable use of materials in the

manufacture, use, maintenance and disposal of motorcycles. It has included

a complete life cycle analysis, and multi-criterion analysis for assessment of

relative sustainability of different materials. It concludes that with some

changes to material use, motorcycles offer the best chance for personal

transport to remain a promising option in the future.

1984 to 1996

Long Hall School. Maths, Physics, Computing, English,Italian, Geography, Art

Work Experience July 1996-Sept 1998

After completing my secondary education at school, I started working as a lab assistant. This gave me the opportunity to gain a great deal of valuable experience.

Summer Vacation 1999 (6 weeks)

INTEREST

Laboratory Technician (Electronic Engineering).

University of Manitoba, Canada

This involved maintenance of equipment, and giving assistance to researchers

undertaking practical work. I was given full responsibility for processing the

results of one two-week-long experiment

Sport: Athletics; Sport Club; with responsibility for arranging sport competitions, social events. Music: Singer in a folk group.

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Units

SKILLS

1) Working with minimal supervision

• The work on my final year proj ect has required me to manage my own time, and plan a complete programme of research and analysis. At my suggestion, visits to local factories were included in the project, and I arranged these myself- five in total. All the manufacturing managers I visited expressed an interest in receiving the summary of my results.

• At the University of Manitoba I participated in processing complex experimental results.

2) Organization of Scientific Conferences.

My role as Secretary of the University has developed my organizational skills considerably. The arrangements for events are complex, sometimes involving several other universities, and more than a hundred people. A great deal of tact is required, as students do not like to be organized.

Other

Computing: good familiarity with Word Up, Excite, Project +,

Super-CAD/CAM, and programming in Dstar

Clean driving licence since May 1998

REFEREES

Dr А В Hardness BSc Course Leader School of Applied Science University of South London High Street London SE33 1FG 020 8745 2323

Mr H Denton Director

Denton Deliveries Connection Ноше 24 Acorn Road London SE318NN 020 7888 8899

Ex. 14 Fill in the application form for Schlumberger.

Recruiting

Schlumberger