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90
Petroleum Engineering
The Gubkin University Revision
Ex.1
Read the following international words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents:
|
productivity |
['pradAk'tiviti] |
diploma |
[dip'loums] |
|
career |
[кэ'пэ] |
design |
[di'zam] |
|
institution |
[,msti'tju:J"an] |
focus |
['fouk3s] |
|
academician |
[3,kaeda'mij3n] |
course |
[ka:s] |
|
status |
['steit3s] |
vacuum |
['vaekju3m] |
|
aspect |
['aespekt] |
creative |
[krir'eitiv] |
engineering faculty
to optimize manufacturing
complex processes
to combine competence and initiative
national economy
qualified candidate
[,endtji'ni3rirj 'fask9lti]
[t9 'optimaiz ,maenju'f2ektj3nrj]
['kompleks'prousssiz]
[t3 кэт'Ьат 'kompitsns 3nd I'mjrativ]
['пае/эп! к'кэпэпи]
['kwohfaid 'kasndidit]
Ex. 2 Perform structural analysis of the sentences and translate them.
The review presented provided evidence that oil demand expectations were generally underestimated.
Reservoir fluid properties experimentally measured in a laboratory or estimated using empirical correlations are the basis of many petroleum engineering calculations.
Petroleum Engineering
91
Unit 5
Additional cost results when drilling fluids which may contain lost circulation are lost to fractured, low-pressure, or high-permeability reservoirs.
When temperatures warm next spring testing will focus on deposition of paraffin in crude oil operations.
The partners nearly doubled oil production, which totaled 4.200 b/d last year.
The most commonly understood everyday uses for petroleum are in energy conversion - powering transportation, the generation of electricity and the direct heating of spaces.
It is likely these pumps will function much like the ones used under subnormal pressure conditions.
Massive amounts of data points thus collected are then visualized and analyzed.
A study of the effects of water saturation thickness changes on hydrocarbon concentration at the surface requires an appropriate measuring technique.
If liquids from small leaks do not surface, they can seep into the surrounding soil undetected.
Oil and gas companies recognize good safety and environmental management make economic sense and are essential to guaranteeing long term presence in the industry.
Ex. 3 Analyse different forms and functions of the verb "to produce". Translate the sentences.
To produce hydrocarbons sophisticated technology is used.
To produce energy for mankind is the task of oil and gas industry.
Producing gas in the north requires new technologies and equipment.
The major traffic in crude oil transportation is from the producing areas to the industrialized ones.
The crude oil produced from a well is of no use until it is changed into petrol, fuel oil, lubricating oil and many other products.
In the early days of petrochemical industry crude oil was usually refined near to where it was produced.
Pipes to be produced from cold-resistant grades of steel will not be affected by temperatures of50°-60° below zero.
The equipment currently being produced by machine builders no longer satisfies Siberian oil men either in quality or in engineering standards.
The newspapers reported a new plastic material capable of withstanding 2000°C to have been produced by Russian researchers.
The most viscous oil in the world seems to be produced in Ukhta oilfield.
Having produced oil from the first oil well in the world E.L. Drake is considered to be the pioneer of oil industry.
Natural gas being produced commercially on Sakhalin, export pipelines to transport LNG to either China or Japan will be built.
Oil from the wells in which reservoir pressure has decreased is likely to be produced by one of the secondary recovery methods.
Russia's producingmodern welding equipment for pipeline construction is known all over the woiid
When produced, gas is freed of liquids and unwanted components such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide.
The development of the gas field situated about 450 km north of Irkutsk is a long-term project and gas is not expected to be produced before 2020.
92
Petroleum Engineering
Unit 5
A barrel of oil saved is essentially equivalent to a barrel of oil produced.
New methods of producing corrosion-resistant materials are being developed in the research institute.
The well drilled to the depth of 525 ft was the first to produce oil in this region.
In addition to producing gas this region produced gold as well.
If oil were produced where it is needed, it wouldn't be so expensive.
The amount of oil produced depended on the recovery method used.
Natural reservoir pressure was high enough to produce oil without using secondary methods.
In early 1960s the newspapers reported about the first oil having been produced in Samotlor oilfields.
The oil field has always been of economic significance, with oil being produced at low cost.
Ex. 4 Read the text and comment on the statements below it. Use the following phrases:
I guess, to my mind, frankly speaking, I'm (not) sure, it's worth mentioning, it goes without saying, no doubt, on the contrary.
You may also use the introductory phrases from the previous units. (Unit 1 ex.11, Unit2ex. 13)