10. Crude oil

syn. petroleum

11. Well л

syn. bore-hole

12. drill v

крупная (ведущая) компания, лидер отрасли

oil major источник

Oil reserves are an important source of the growth

of national economy, уголь

Coal is a black or brown mineral which can be burnt to give heat, торф

Peat is used by gardeners to make plants grow, поверхность

the earth's surface

The submarine slowly rose to the surface, залежь, отложение, месторождение

mineral deposits

There are rich deposits of gold in East Siberia, просачивание

Seepages are the result of slow oil movement through cracks

in the surface 1) встречаться, попадаться, 2) случаться, 3) залегать (геол.)

1. Misprints occur on every page.

2. The accident occurred last night.

3. Oil occurs deep under the surface.

1) случай, 2) местонахождение, З) залегание (геол.)

1. The unfortunate occurrence has changed her life.

1. The occurrence of oil in this region should be proved, факел

The Olympic torch was delivered to Athens after travelling through all the continents, сырая нефть

Crude oil as it comes from the ground is not a usable product, скважина

A well is a deep hole in the ground from which oil is produced, бурить

to drill a hole in the wall; to drill for oil

Petroleum Engineering

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Unit 1

13. depth я

14. foot n (pi. feet)

15. shallow a

16. throughout

17.	make up v
18.	income n
19.	powers
	power v
20.	fuel л

fuel v

21. commercial a

22. spread (spread) v

23. demand n

24. forecast v

глубина

The depth of the river here is about 3 meters, зд. фут

A foot is a measure of length which is equal to 30.5 cm. мелкий

to become shallow; shallow water; a shallow person

1. adv повсюду; на всем протяжении

2. prep через; по всему; в продолжение

1) The house was beautifully decorated throughout. We didn't enjoy the holiday because it rained throughout the day.

2) We were looking for the book throughout the house, составлять

Atoms make up molecules.

доход

The money earned by the members of the family make up the family income.

сила, мощность, энергия

nuclear power; of high power; power station

At present time people can use solar or wind power.

приводить в движение, питать энергией The boat is powered by an outboard motor.

топливо, горючее

Fuel is a material for producing heat or energy, e.g. wood, coal, oil, uranium.

заправлять(ся) топливом, питать

Her interest in the Spanish language was fueled by a visit to Spain.

Airplanes sometimes fuel while in the air. 1) коммерческий, 2) промышленный

1. commercial bank

2. commercial production of oil распространять (ся)

The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. 1) требование, 2) спрос

1. It's impossible to satisfy all the demands.

2. demand for goods прогнозировать, предсказывать

The government doesn't forecast the rise of inflation.

16

Petroleum Engineering

Unit 1

forecast n

25. hydrocarbon n

26. consume v consumption n

27. spanv

прогноз, предсказание

The weather forecast said it would be fine tomorrow.

углеводород

Hydrocarbon is a substance consisting of two elements: hydrogen and carbon.

потреблять, расходовать

The country imports 50% of the oil it consumes, потребление, расход

a car with low fuel consumption охватывать

28. currently adv syn. at present, presently

29. seek (sought) v

1. Tolstoy's life spanned almost the whole of the 19^th century.

2. Can you span an octave on the piano? в настоящее время

He is currently working in Siberia, искать

He is going to Canada to seek his fortune. 30. be engaged in smth заниматься чем-либо

31. solve v

The scientist is engaged in experimental work, решать (проблему)

32. drya

Mendeleyev solved the problem of oil separation, сухой

dry weather; dry heat;

dry (up) v

Don't put your shirt on until it is dry. сушить, зд. истощаться, заканчиваться

The river dries up during the hot summer.

33. refine v refining n

refinery n

34. ever-increasing

35. especially adv

We hope water resources will never dry up. перерабатывать, очищать (нефть)

Oil must be refined before it can be used, переработка

The most important processes in refining are distillation and cracking, нефтеперерабатывающий завод (НПЗ)- see Fig. 1 постоянно возрастающий

the ever-increasing problem of clean water особенно

She loves animals, especially dogs.

Petroleum Engineering

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Unit 1

Fig.1

18

Petroleum Engineering

Unit 1

36. raise v

37. living standard n

38. result in v

39. result from v

40. include v

41. shortage»

42. environment n

43. pollute v pollution n pollutant a

поднимать

If you want to ask a question raise your hand.

жизненный уровень

The living standard in the developed countries is higher than in the developing ones.

приводить к чему-либо

The economic growth of the country resulted in higher living standard, происходить в результате

The progress in his study resulted from his hard work, включать, содержать в себе

The space crew included one woman, нехватка, перебои в снабжении

Illness can be caused by vitamin shortage. 1) окружающая среда, 2) окружение

1. We need stronger laws to protect the environment.

2. to grow up in a happy environment

3. The Gubkin University aims to provide the finest environment for teaching, learning, research and innovation.

загрязнять

Some rivers are polluted with toxic materials from factories, загрязнение

Environmental pollution negatively influences man's health, загрязняющее вещество

Carbon dioxide is a bad pollutant of the atmosphere.

Ex. 14 Read the text and find: a) international words,

b) Participles and state their forms and functions.