3. Обстоятельство

В данной функции перед герундием употребляется предлог.

Geologists discovered the presence of oil without drilling a well.

Геологи обнаружили присутствие нефти, не разбуривая скважину (без бурения).

In drilling hard rocks diamond bits are used.

При бурении твердых пород используются алмазные долота.

4. Определение

В данной функции перед герундием употребляется предлог of (for).

Anew method of drilling—turbodrilling—was developed by the Russian engineer Kapelushnikov. Новый метод бурения — турбобурение — разработан русским инженером Капелюшниковым.

Герундиальные конструкции (The Gerundial Constructions)

1. существительное в притяжательном падеже 2. существительное в общем падеже 3. притяжательное местоимение

+ герундий

J. Alferov's being awarded the Nobel prize in physics is a great achievement of Russian science.

To, что Ж.Алферов награжден Нобелевской премией в области физики, является большим достижением российской науки.

J. Alferov is a great Russian physicist/ Everybody knows of his (Alferov) having been awarded the Nobel prize.

Ж.Алферов — крупнейший российский физик. Все знают о том, что он награжден Нобелевской премией.

Герундий употребляется после следующих глаголов и выражений:

to avoid —избегать

to enjoy — получать удовольствие от

to excuse — извинять

to continue —продолжать

to finish —заканчивать

to give up —бросать, отказываться от

to go on — продолжать

to keep on — продолжать

to mind —возражать

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to stop	— прекращать
to prefer	— предпочитать
it is worth	— стоит (что-то сделать)
it's no use	— нет смысла, бесполезно
to account for	— объяснять (лежать в основе чего-либо)
to aim at	— стремиться к
to agree to	— соглашаться с (чем-то)
to depend on	— зависеть от
to differ in	— отличаться по
to be fond of	— увлечься
to be interested in	—интересоваться
to insist on	— настаивать на
to object to	— возражать
to prevent from	— мешать, препятствовать, предотвращать
to rely on	— полагаться на
to result from	— проистекать из (от)
to result in	— приводить к
to succeed in	— удаваться, добиваться
Предлоги,	после которых употребляется герундий
apart from	— помимо, кроме > — кроме, вдобавок
in addition to
besides	— кроме
because of	—- из-за
despite	— несмотря на
due to	— благодаря
instead of	— вместо
in spite of	— несмотря на
thanks to	— благодаря
owing to	— благодаря

Ex. 5 Translate the following word combinations:

1. the way of separating oil; a method of exploring a territory; the problem of refining crude oil; the process of converting oil into useful products.

2. to be interested in obtaining new data; to prevent from mixing with smth; to result in solving the problem; to succeed in studying a new process; it's no use asking this question; it's worth trying to survey the area.

3. on heating the mixture; after heating the mixture; before heating the mixture; by (through) heating the mixture; for heating the mixture; without heating the mixture; apart from polluting; in addition to increasing; because of reducing; instead of drying; in spite of forecasting.

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Ex.6 Translate the following sentences.

1. He is fond of reading.

2. Heisfondofbeingreadto.

3. I like asking questions but not being asked questions.

4. I object to his asking questions.

5. I don't object to his being asked questions.

6. I remember having met you.

7. Do you mind her working with us?

8. He didn't agree to their taking part in the conference.

9. We insist on your conducting this experiment.

10. They know of our having finished the work in time.

11. The engineers are interested in solving the problem of protecting pipes against corrosion as soon as possible.

12. A new method of exploring a well was introduced last month.

13. On forecasting oil reserves one should apply the data of geophysical survey.

14. Reducing the cost of drilling results in lowering oil prices.

15. Oil being a complex mixture of hydrocarbons makes it possible to separate it into various fractions.

16. Besides being important as a fuel, natural gas is an important raw material for chemical industry.

17. There is a great problem of refineries polluting the environment.

18. Without being treated oil is of little economic value.

Ex. 7 Complete the following sentences using the Gerund and Gerundial Constructions.

1. Excuse (I ask a question)

2. Thank you for (you help me)

3. Our group has succeded in (to solve the problem)

4. The experiment is worth (to do)

5. Would you mind (I open the window)

6. Goon(toread)

7. I insist on (to be told the truth)

8. I object to (she is sent to the conference)

Ex.8 Answer the following questions.

1. Why is our University named after LM.Gubkin?

2. In what field of science did LM.Gubkin work?

3. What other scientists contributed to the development of petroleum industry and our university?

Ex. 9 Read the text and do the tasks that follow it.

Academician LM.Gubkin (1871-1939) is the founder of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas. He is known as the prominent scholar who established a new branch of geological science in Russia - petroleum geology. It should be noted that as a petroleum geologist he was mainly concerned with the exploration for hydrocarbons. He advocated the organic theory of oil origin. In his fundamental

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work "Studies on Oil"* I.M.Gubkin describes the conditions of accumulating organic matter and the changes it undergoes. In addition to studying the origin of oil Gubkin was interested in the problems of stratigraphy, tectonics and other geological subdisciplines. It was Gubkin who recommended to apply, develop and perfect a multi-disciplined approach in searching for hydrocarbons. He stated that petroleum geology should be integrated with physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, and other sciences. Thanks to Gubkin's ideas new oil fields were discovered.

Another focus of his academic interests was the rational use of hydrocarbon resources. Particular attention was directed to exploratory drilling and oil field development.

Apart from the research work I.M.Gubkin was engaged in teaching. I.M.Gubkin put forward a new idea of training a petroleum engineer with a profound academic background. He stated that a petroleum engineer should be an expert in deep drilling, exploitation, chemistry and technology of oil as well as economics. With this in mind he founded the petroleum department at the Mining Academy. In 1930 on the basis of this department the Moscow Oil Institute was formed and Gubkin was its first rector.

Here he had several years' experience of teaching a special course of petroleum geology which he had introduced into the curriculum.

LM.Gubkin put forward a new concept of teaching petroleum engineers. He was the first to introduce a special-purpose academic program designed to balance theory and practice, field and lab studies. On his initiative many outstanding scholars in the field of petroleum engineering were invited to deliver lectures and do R&D** at the Institute.

1. Speak on Gubkin's research work.

2. Speak on Gubkin's contribution to the foundation and development of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas.

The following phrases can help you:

1. prominent scholar

2. to found smth

3. to be concerned with

4. to be (particular) interested in

5. to advocate a theory

6. the focus of his interests

7. to be engaged in

8. to put forward an idea (a concept)-

9. to train specialists

10. background

11. to be an expert -

12. to deliver lectures

13. to do R&D

выдающийся ученый

основывать что-либо

заниматься чем-либо

интересоваться (в частности) чем-либо

поддерживать теорию

его основной интерес

• заниматься чем-либо

• предложить идею (концепцию) готовить специалистов подготовка, квалификация быть специалистом

• читать лекции

• заниматься исследованием и разработкой

* The book is considered to be a hand book of a petroleum geologist. ** R&D - Research and Development

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