Причастие и причастные обороты (The Participle and the Participle Constructions) Формы причастия

	Active	Passive
Present	producing	being produced
Past	—	produced
* Perfect	having produced	having been produced

* Выполняет только функцию обстоятельства

Функции причастия в предложении

1. Определение:

Economy ofboth developing and developed countries depends on energy.

Экономика как развивающихся, так и развитых стран зависит от энергетического сектора.

The plant being built will produce equipment for oil industry.

Строящийся завод будет выпускать оборудование для нефтяной промышленности. Завод, который сейчас строится, будет выпускать оборудование для нефтяной промышленности.

The experiment carried out by this scientist showed good results. Эксперимент, проведенный этим ученым, дал хорошие результаты. Эксперимент, который был проведен этим ученым, дал хорошие результаты.

The method used showed good results. Примененный метод дал хорошие результаты.

The data referred to in the report are reliable.

Данные, на которые ссылаются в докладе, надежные.

2. Обстоятельство:

(While) working at her thesis Marie Curie found that the rays of uranium were different from other known rays.

Работая над диссертацией, М. Кюри открыла, что лучи урана отличаются от всех других известных лучей.

Когда М. Кюри работала над диссертацией, она открыла, что лучи урана отличаются от всех других известных лучей.

При работе над диссертацией М. Кюри открыла, что лучи урана отличаются от всех других известных лучей.

Being invited to do research at the University in Montreal, Rutherford moved to Canada. Так как Резерфорда пригласили заниматься исследованиями в Университете Монреаля, он переехал в Канаду.

Petroleum Engineering

9

Unit 1

(When) heated to 100°C water boils.

Когда воду нагревают до 100°С, она кипит.

При нагревании до 100°С вода кипит.

Having obtained her Master's degrees in Physics and Mathematics, M. Curie decided to obtain a Doctor's degree.

Получив степени магистра физических и математических наук, М. Кюри решила получить докторскую степень.

После того, как М. Кюри получила степени магистра физических и математических наук, она решила получить докторскую степень.

Having been translated into many languages, the work became known all over the world. После того, как работа была переведена на многие языки, она стала известна во всем мире.

Независимый причастный оборот (The Absolute Participle Construction)

1. Rutherford taught young scientists in the field of atomic research, with Pyotr Kapitsa being his favourite pupil.

Резерфорд занимался с молодыми учеными в области атомных исследований, причем (а, и) Петр Капица был его любимым учеником.

(With) A. Bell having invented the telephone, the transcontinental telephone communication became possible.

После того, как (когда, т.к.) А. Белл изобрел телефон, трансконтинентальная телефонная связь стала возможной.

Ex. 6 Translate the following word combinations. Mind the Participle.

a) the students attending classes the professor giving the lecture the student making^he report the growing interest

the moving parades

the scientists carrying out the experiment

the report consisting of two parts

the plant producing chemicals

the factor influencing oil production

the properties causing corrosion

b) the answer given by the student the experiment shown at the lecture oil found in Siberia

the subjects studied in the first year

the achieved results

the laboratory provided with all the necessary equipment

10 Petroleum Engineering

Unit 1

the work offered to the students dynamite invented by Nobel the theory developed by Rutherford the letter left on the table

c) the data referred to are...

the problem spoken of at the conference was...

the properties influenced by temperature are...

the lecture followed by the film is...

the information relied on can be...

the lecturer listened to with great attention was...

the children looked after by their granny must be...

the book looked for everywhere is...

the equipment sent for should be...

the questions answered by the teacher are...

d) using new equipment building a new house developing a new plan inventing new instruments

while working on the Periodic Table when completing the task deciding what to do sending a letter to his parents thinking about her future graduating from the University

e) having received new information

having equipped the laboratory with new instruments

having returned from the expedition

having been offered help, he...

having been given the instructions, the students...

having been taken from the library the book was...

having changed the plans

having determined the properties

having been achieved in the laboratory, the results...

having moved to Moscow

Ex.7 Translate into Russian the following word combinations.

1. petroleum exporting countries; petroleum exported from Russia; exportable products.

2. the industry using new technologies; new technologies used in industry, usable technologies.

3. oil producing countries; oil produced in West Siberia; producible oil.

4. the company transporting oil by sea; oil transported by sea; transportable products.

5. measuring instruments; the temperature measured by special instruments; measurable particles.

6. tools detecting underground structures; underground structures detected by geophysicists; detectable structures.

Petroleum Engineering

11

Unit 1

Ex.8 Translate into English.

1. студент, задающий вопрос - вопрос, заданный студентом - задавая вопрос - задав вопрос

2. инженер, использующий новые материалы-использованные материалы-используя новые материалы - использовав все материалы

3. прибор, определяющий глубину - глубина, определенная при помощи прибора -при определении глубины - определив глубину

4. специалист, анализирующий свойства нефти - свойства нефти, проанализированные в лаборатории - анализируя свойства нефти - проанализировав свойства нефти

5. студенты, сдающие экзамены - экзамен, сданный студентами - сдавая экзамен -сдав экзамен

6. ученый, делающий доклад - доклад, сделанный ученым - делая доклад - сделав доклад

7. инженеры, строящие дороги - дороги, построенные в регионе - при строительстве дорог - построив дороги

Ex. 9 Translate the sentences. Mind the Participle.

1. The falling water has kinetic energy.

2. The existing conditions were discussed by the engineers.

3. The operating mechanism was invented by a young scientist.

4. The water heated up to 80°C was necessary for the experiment.

5. OPEC was founded in 1960 by several Middle East countries producing and exporting oil.

6. In the early 1990s OPEC members produced more than half the oil exported in the world.

7. Tankers transporting oil cross many seas and oceans.

8. Oilmen use different methods increasing oil production.

9. Oil production increased in Russia in the 1980s reduced considerably in the 1990s.

10. The analyzed minerals were packed into boxes.

11. When analyzed the minerals were packed into boxes.

12. While carrying out the experiment the scientist tried to prove his theory.

13. The experiment carried out by the young scientist proved the theory of his teacher.

14. The forces affecting atoms within a molecule are very great.

15. Sea water containing about 3.5 per cent of salt cannot be used directly for most needs.

16. Sea water containing about 3.5 per cent of salt, people cannot use it directly for most needs.

17. The workers applying a new method of constructing have achieved good results.

18. The workers having applied a new method of constructing, good results were achieved.

19. The electrons move at various speeds, their speed depending on the temperature and the properties of a material.

20. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.

21. The machine used was not powerful.

22. The machine used required repairing.

23. Though used the machine was not powerful.

24. When solved the problem did not seem so complex.

12

Petroleum Engineering

Unit 1

25. All the problems solved, the scientists started the experiment.

26. If provided with necessary equipment, the expedition could achieve better results.

27. If properly applied the mechanism will work much longer.

28. The catalysts used accelerated the rate of reactions.

29. The oil field discovered produced oil of good quality.

3 0. While finishing the work the engineers noticed a mistake.

31. Having obtained new data the engineers could improve the design of their mechanism.

32. Having split the atom the man obtained a powerful source of energy.

Ex.10 Answer the following questions.

1. What sources of energy do you know ?

2. Why is the petroleum industry paid much attention to ?

3. Why do people look for new oil and gas deposits ?

Ex. 11 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the introductory phrases:

As far as I know I don't really agree Yes, but

I guess I'm afraid it's not correct On the one hand

It's true I wouldn't say that On the other hand I believe so

1. The economy of any nation depends on energy.

2. The main oil producing countries are China and Japan.

3. Oil and gas are the only sources of energy.

4. The 21^st century is the age of alternative sources of energy.

Ex. 12 Read the text and do the tasks which follow it.