
МГИМО_Практикум по юридическому переводу
.pdf3)approval of the company’s annual reports and bookkeeping balance sheets and distribution of its profits and losses;
4)decision on reorganization or liquidation of the company;
5)selection of an audit commission (auditor) of the company.
The law on LLC may also assign decision on other matters to the exclusive jurisdiction of the general meeting.
No matters assigned to the exclusive jurisdiction of the general meeting of the company’s participants may be delegated by it for resolution to the company’s executive body.
4.For the purpose of review and approval of the accuracy of the annual fiscal report of a LLC, it shall have the right to engage, on an annual basis, a professional auditor who is not associated by property interests with the company or its participants (external audit). The auditor’s review of the annual fiscal report of the company may also be conducted upon demand of any of its participants.
The procedure for conducting auditor’s reviews of the company’s activity shall be defined by law and by the company charter.
5.Publication by the company of information about the results of the conduct of its affairs (public report) is not required, with the exception of cases specified by the law on LLC.
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PRACTICE
1. Define the following terms:
Management, body, power, property, reorganization, liquidation.
2.Find the relevant Russian patterns for the expressions given below. Make up sentences of your own using the above-mentioned expressions:
The contract may provide for cases; unless a different order is specified; to carry out the day-to-day management of its activities; to be answerable to the general meeting; a single-person administrative body; matters assigned to the exclusive jurisdiction of the general meeting; for the purpose of; to engage a professional auditor on an annual basis; upon demand; with the exception of cases specified by the law;
3.Fill in the blanks with your own constructions:
a)_________________ shall be carried out by
___________________.
b)The charter may provide for cases
___________________________.
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c)________________________, unless the different order is specified.
d)_______________________fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the general meeting of participants of
______________________.
e)_____________________to carry out the day-to-day management of its activities.
f)For the purpose of review and approval of the accuracy of the annual fiscal report
______________________________;
g)_______________________ may also be conducted upon demand of any of its participants.
4. Translate into English:
Осуществляться по общему согласию всех участников; решение принимается большинством голосов; если не предусмотрен иной порядок; отказ от этого права или его ограничение ничтожны; единоличный орган управления; избрание ревизионной комиссии; к исключительной компетенции общего собрания участников относятся; аудиторская проверка годовой финансовой отчетности общества; публичная отчетность; за исключением случаев, предусмотренных законом.
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REVISION UNIT
(LESSONS 1 - 8)
1. Define the following legal terms:
Individual, legal entity, corporation, partnership, joint venture.
2. Fill in the table:
TYPES OF FOUNDING DOCUMENTS
Устав
Меморандум об учреждении
Заявление об учреждении
Operating Agreement
Partnership Agreement
By-Laws
Заявка на регистрацию
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3. Get ready for dictation-translation:
PART I
I. Общее собрание акционеров
Высший орган управления Обществом, проводить годовое общее собрание акционеров, Совет директоров, ревизионная комиссия, аудитор, годовой отчет, письменное уведомление о созыве собрания, повестка дня, быть правомочным (иметь кворум), при отсутствии кворума, компетенция общего собрания акционеров, внесение изменений и дополнений в устав, ликвидационная комиссия, промежуточный и окончательный ликвидационные балансы, определение вознаграждения, досрочное прекращение полномочий, бухгалтерский баланс, счет прибылей и убытков, порядок ведения общего собрания.
PART II
II. Совет директоров Общества
To carry out the overall management of the Company’s activities, to be elected by the Board members from among their body by a majority vote of all Board members, a tie vote, a casting vote, to delegate the voting rights to, to keep minutes, according to the established procedure, guidelines, to place bonds and other securities, to increase the par value of the shares, to fix the remunerations of the independent auditor, to establish branches, to make major transactions, other matters as provided by federal law.
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PART III
III. Исполнительные органы Общества
Единоличный исполнительный орган, collective executive body, организовывать выполнение решений общего собра-
ния акционеров, to act on behalf of the Company, право пер-
вой подписи под финансовыми документами, to issue powers of attorney, заключать трудовые договора с работниками, to grant incentives to, налагать взыскания.
4.Speak on the following topics:
a)the executive bodies of an LLC;
b)the executive bodies of a JSC;
c)the company’s board of directors;
d)the matters falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the general meeting of participants of a LLC;
e)the matters falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the general meeting of participants of a JSC.
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LESSON 9
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS COMMONLY USED IN LEGAL CONTEXT
1. Read and remember the following:
Latin terms and expressions are a legitimate heritage of Roman law in legal English. Some Latin-derived expressions, as we know, are deeply integrated in everyday language, such as per cent or et cetera; others are mostly confined to special applications. In contracts and other legal instruments, it is difficult to avoid using, where appropriate, such expressions as mutatis mutandis, ad hoc or prima facie, since a legal concept underlying each of these expressions is somewhat more specific that their literal translation into English. Other expressions, although quite replaceable and, indeed, often replaced with their English equivalents, are used by many lawyers due to a longstanding tradition: bona fide, inter alia, supra (infra) etc.. To show a distinction between Latin and English words, the former are typically italicized.
In legal studies and court pleadings, the use of Latin phrases can be wider, and even Latin sentences referring to some wellestablished principles of law may be used. For example: Ubi jus, ibi remedium. - Where there is a right, there is a remedy;
Scire debes cum quo contrahis. - You ought to know with whom you deal.
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2. Examine the tables given below:
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation |
Latin |
|
|
English |
||
A.M. |
ante meridiem |
before noon |
|
|||
c. or ca |
circa |
about, approximately |
||||
cf. |
confer |
compare |
|
|||
c.v. |
curriculum vitae |
curriculum vitae |
||||
ead. |
eadem |
in |
the |
same |
place, author |
|
(female form of ibid.) |
||||||
|
|
|||||
e.g. |
exempli gratia |
for example, for instance |
||||
et al. |
et allii, et alia |
and other people/things |
||||
etc. |
et cetera |
and so on, and other things |
||||
et seq. |
et sequens |
and the following pages |
||||
ib, ibid. |
ibidem |
in |
the |
same |
place, au- |
|
thor(esp. previous reference) |
||||||
|
|
|||||
i.e. |
id est |
that is to say |
|
|||
|
infra |
below |
|
|
||
|
inter alia |
amongst other things |
||||
loc. cit. |
loco citato |
in the place cited/mentioned |
||||
N.B. |
nota bene |
note well/carefully |
||||
op. cit. |
opere citato |
in the work cited/mentioned |
||||
before |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|||
P.M. |
post meridiem |
after noon |
|
|||
P.S. |
post scriptum |
after writing |
|
|||
|
passim |
here & there, throughout, in |
||||
|
several places |
|
||||
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
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pro tem. |
pro tempore |
for the time, temporarily |
|||
Q.E.D. |
quod erat |
which was to be shown |
|||
demonstrandum |
|||||
|
|
||||
q.v. |
quod vide |
which see, elsewhere in the |
|||
same book |
|||||
|
|
|
|
||
sc. |
scilicet |
that is to say |
|||
|
sic |
|
thus used, spelt, etc. |
||
|
stet |
|
as it was originally |
||
|
supra |
|
above |
||
v., vs. |
versus |
against |
|||
|
vide |
|
see |
||
viz. |
videlicet |
namely, that is to say |
|||
v.v. |
vice versa |
the other way round |
|||
|
|
|
EXPRESSIONS |
||
|
|
|
|
||
Latin Expression |
|
|
English |
||
a fortiori |
|
|
with even stronger reason |
||
a posteriori |
|
|
from effects to causes, reasoning based on |
||
|
|
past experience |
|||
|
|
|
|||
a priori |
|
|
from causes to effects, from what comes |
||
|
|
before, deductive reasoning |
|||
|
|
|
|||
ab initio |
|
|
from the beginning |
||
ad hoc |
|
|
improvised |
|
|
bona fide |
|
|
in good faith |
|
|
caveat |
|
|
a caution/warning(e.g., caveat emptor - let |
||
|
|
the buyer beware) |
|||
|
|
|
|||
curriculum vitae |
|
the course of one's life |
|||
de facto |
|
|
from the fact(rather than by right) |
||
|
|
|
49 |
|

de jure |
from the law |
|
ex officio |
out of one's duty or office |
|
ex post facto |
after the fact, retrospectively |
|
in toto |
in its entirety |
|
inter alia |
among other things |
|
ipso facto |
by the fact itself |
|
per capita |
per head |
|
quid pro quo |
something in return |
|
pro rata |
in proportion |
|
sine die |
without a day, with no time fixed |
|
sine qua non |
without which not, essential precondition |
|
status quo |
things as they are |
|
mutatis mutandis |
with appropriate amendments |
|
prima facie |
sufficient, unless the opposite is demon- |
|
strated |
||
|
||
per annum |
annually |
|
res judicata |
“case determined”; judicial precedent |
|
|
|
3.Translate the statements given below. Pay attention to the specific Latin expressions:
A.The Parties agree that the procedure described in Article 2.2 and Article 3 for the payment of purchase price and passage of title to the Option Shares shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the payment of the purchase price for the Transfer Shares and transfer of title to the Transfer Shares.
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