МГИМО_Практикум по юридическому переводу

МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАПИСКА

Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов III курса дневного отделения и второго высшего образования (1 год обучения) МИУ, обучающихся по специальности «Юриспруденция. Правовое регулирование рыночной экономики».

Целью пособия является формирование у студентов знаний, навыков и умения по переводу юридических документов (основных видов контрактов, доверенностей, аффидавитов и т.д.) с английского языка на русский и с русского на английский.

В пособие вошли оригинальные образцы юридических документов из сетевых источников в интернете, переводы, сделанные автором пособия для зарубежных и отечественных юридических фирм, а также тематические глоссарии, разработанные на основе таких материалов.

Пособие состоит из двух частей: теоретическая часть освещает структуру и принципы построения основных юридических документов, равно как и сферу их применения, а практическая включает в себя систему сопровождающих лексикограмматических упражнений, направленных на формирование устойчивых навыков перевода вышеупомянутых документов.

Структура урока включает в себя теоретические положения (тематическую статью, отрывок из Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации или соответствующего юридического документа), глоссарий, а также ряд лексико-грамматических упражнений. Для закрепления наиболее важных разделов пособием предусмотрены дополнительные блоки лексикограмматических заданий (Revision Units), а также тесты и словарные диктанты. В пособие входят шесть приложений, содержащих дополнительный информативный материал по основным типам договоров, стандартным контрактным положениям, а также образцы таких юридических документов, как аффидавит, вексель, доверенность и апостиль, предназначенный для самостоятельной работы студентов.

Учебный материал рассчитан на 136 часов аудиторных занятий на курсе и 100 часов самостоятельной работы студентов.

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LEGAL ENGLISH

(TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING)

INTRODUCTION

THE CONCEPT OF THE COURSE,

ITS TASKS AND SPECIFIC FEATURES

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1.Read and translate the following text. Comment on the highlighted statements:

The title of the course is “Theory and Practice of Legal Translation/Interpreting”. Legal translation means the translation of English legal texts and documents into Russian and vice versa and has a number of specific features and difficulties that we will discuss during our subsequent classes.

This course is intended to cover the branches of law related to business regulation. Thus, primary emphasis is placed on the matters covered by the RF Civil Code, Tax Code, Code of Civil Procedure, Code of Arbitration Procedure and Labor Code, as well as the relevant sections of Anglo-Saxon and international law.

Since the last decade has seen radical changes in Russian legal and economic realities, it is important that the course is up to date, particularly by using the experience and works of translators active in business and legal translation. Some of these changes make the work of a translator easier, e.g. now one should not think a lot on how to translate into Russian such words as “affiliate” or “underwriter”, because these terms have been imported into Russian legislation from the AngloSaxon legal systems with minimum adaptation: «аффилированное лицо» and «андеррайтер», though they simply mean a related entity and a person who arranges for the issuance of securities, respectively, that could have easily been translated into Russian in a more Russian, though maybe lengthier, style. On the contrary, the fast-changing business environment in Russia creates some new problems for a translator who is required to express in English such words as «мнимые сделки», «при-

творные сделки», «крупные сделки» – concepts which are

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new to Russian law but have no direct analogs in English or American law, or such new realities of public administration as «мэрия», «административный округ», «Министерство по антимонопольной политике», «налоговая инспекция», especially as these phenomena are rather volatile due to frequent reforms.

Particular attention is given to practical difficulties of translating/interpreting both into English and Russian attributable to grammatical, stylistic or terminology problems.

(1)Enumerations, where Russian grammar requires different coordination between various verbs and nouns while English grammar does not.

(2)The translation of a term may differ depending on legal context, e.g. the word “Guarantor” should be translated into Russian as «Гарант» where the relevant party is a Russian bank but as «Поручитель» where it is a Russian non-banking entity, since Russian law envisages the issue of banking guarantees which cannot be issued by other corporations.

Likewise, the word “company” should always be translated as «компания» where the relevant entity is foreign, but in certain contexts should mandatorily be translated as «общество» where a Russian entity is at issue (e.g. in translations of founding documents or official applications).

Such technical aspects of translation as the formal requirements for legal documents, translation editing, commenting and summarizing are also particularly addressed.

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LESSON 1

TYPES OF PERSONS

INDIVIDUALS

LEGAL ENTITIES (CORPORATIONS)

FOUNDING DOCUMENTS

1.Read and translate the text given below. Learn the key terms and definitions:

The types of persons include individuals and legal entities. An individual means a natural person (i.e. human being), but, for the purposes of our course, legal entities represent the principal interest. Thus, let’s focus on their types, activivites and lifecycle. Legal entity or juristic person means an entity, such as corporation, that is recognized as having legal personality, i.e. it is capable of enjoying and being subject to legal rights and duties. It is contrasted with a human being, who is referred to as a natural person or individual.

Legal entities consist of corporations and partnerships. A corporation is a legal entity created under the authority of the legislature. Its principal characteristics include a)limited liability, b) free transferability of interests, c) centralized management and control (a board of directors and officers), d) continuity of existence (perpetual existence).

Partnership is divided into general partnership, joint venture and limited partnership. A general partnership is an association of two or more persons who are engaged in business as co-owners. A partnership does not have a legal personality of its own and therefore partners are liable for the debts of the

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Assignments

1. Read and translate the following text:

The formalities in organizing a corporation include preparation and filing of founding (or constitutional) documents: its

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