МГИМО_Практикум по юридическому переводу
.pdfA)from English into Russian:
1.As a security for its obligations hereunder, the Borrower shall pledge certain movable property to the Lender as further defined in the Pledge Agreement attached hereto as Annex 2.
2.Rights to a bank account may serve as a collateral for the borrower’s obligations under a loan agreement.
3.The equipment sold hereunder is not subject to any security interest whatsoever.
4.The Borrower shall not, until the Loan is repaid in full, create a pledge over its fixed assets, except as provided in Article 8 hereof.
5.A pledge of inventory shall specify only the value of the pledged property but not the particular items to be pledged.
6.The Land Plot shall remain in the possession of the Mortgagor, provided that the Mortgagee is entitled to inspect the condition of the Land Plot and to do such other things as further described in Article 9 below.
B)from Russian into English:
1.Настоящим Договором устанавливается залог на предприятие, имущество и активы Залогодателя на сумму не более 150 000 долл. США.
2.Любое заложенное имущество, которое будет утрачено или повреждено в течение срока действия настоящего Договора, должно быть немедленно заменено другим имуществом той же стоимости.
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3.Права по любому залогу, установленному в соответствии с настоящим Рамочным соглашением об условиях обеспечения исполнения обязательств, могут быть принудительно осуществлены Залогодержателем при соблюдении положений применимого законодательства.
4.В целях удовлетворения своих требований по настоящему Кредитному договору Кредитор вправе обратить взыскание на имущество, переданное в залог Кредитору, как предусмотрено выше в статье 8.
5.На Заложенное имущество не может быть обращено взыскание до наступления Случая неисполнения обязательств.
6.В договоре о залоге может быть предусмотрено обращение взыскания на предмет залога во внесудебном порядке вместо обращения в суд.
TYPES OF SECURITY
1. Remember the following:
неустойка |
liquidated damages |
залог/ипотека |
pledge/mortgage |
удержание имущества |
lien |
поручительство |
suretyship |
гарантия |
guaranty |
задаток |
earnest money |
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2. Read and translate the following. Learn the definitions of the basic terms:
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A.
DAMAGES – a sum of money awarded by a court as compensation for a tort or a breach of contract.
LIQUIDATED DAMAGES – are a sum fixed in advance by the parties to a contract as the amount to be paid in the event of the breach. They are recoverable provided that the sum fixed was a fair pre-estimate of the likely consequences of a breach but not if they were imposed as a penalty.
MORTGAGE – an interest in property created as a form of security for a loan or payment of debt and terminated on payment of the loan of debt. The borrower, who offers the security, is the morgagor, the lender, who provides the money, is the morgagee.
PLEDGE (PAWN) – an item of goods transferred by the owner (the pledgor) to another (the pledgee) as security for a debt.
LIEN – the right of one person to retain possession of goods owned by another until the possessor’s claims against the owner have been satisfied. The lien may be general, when the goods are held as security for all oustanding debts of the owner, or particular, when only the claims of the possessor in respect of the goods held must be satisfied.
SURETY (SURETYSHIP) – security in the form of money to be forfeited upon nonappearance in court, offered either by
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the defendant himself or by other people of suitable financial resourses, character, and relationship to the defendant.
EARNEST MONEY – is a sum paid by a buyer at the time of entering a contract to indicate the intention and ability of the buyer to carry out the contract.
GUARANTY (GUARANTEE) – a secondary agreement in which a person (the guarantor) is liable for the debt or default of another (the principal debtor), who is the party primarily liable for the debt. A guaranty requires an independant consideration and must be evidenced in writing.
B.
Read and translate the text:
The Russian Civil Code contains several methods of compelling performance of an obligation. To secure the performance of an obligation the Russian Civil Code places at the generous disposal of the creditor six nominate devices denominated respectively as liquidated damages, mortgage, lien, suretyship, bank guaranty and earnest money. Of the six security devices enumerated in Article 329, two are new to Russian law, i.e., bank guaranty and lien. These two devices were introduced into Russian Law for the first time by the 1994 Civil Code.
Under Russian law, pledge is a commonly used device for securing the performance of obligations. A pledge agreement is a typical component of a loan package, i.e. the package of documentation which is prepared between a bank and a bor-
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rower in order to provide a loan and to secure its repayment. Apart from a loan agreement, such a package may include a pledge and/or mortgage agreement, an assignment agreement, a bank guarantee, a suretyship agreement, a bank account management agreement etc..
The Russian word “zalog” is used generally to encompass three separate and distinct doctrines in American law: mortgage (i.e. “conveyance of a conditional fee of a debtor to his creditor, intended as a security for the payment of a loan, usually the purchase price or a part thereof of the real property so conveyed”), chattel mortgage (i.e. “conveyance of an interest in personal property, generally made as security for the payment of money, such as the purchase price of the property, or for the performance of some other act”), and pledge (i.e. “a deposit of personal property as security for a debt” or “delivery of goods by a debtor to a creditor until the debt is repaid”).
The Russian Civil Code recognizes four nominate types of pledge, i.e. the pledge of real property or other property similar in status to real property (“ipoteka”, that corresponds to “hypothecation” in English), pledge of personalty at a pawnshop (“zaklad”, that corresponds to “pledge”, in its narrow sense, in English), pledge of property rights, including rights of claim as well as securities, and pledge of goods in trade (that corresponds to chattel mortgage in English).
A mortgage creates two parallel sets of legal relations, i.e. the first one is between the creditor and the debtor, the second is between the pledgee and the peldged property. However, the legal connection between the pledgee and the pledged property does not create the pledgee’s right in rem with respect to the pledged property.
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Pledge/mortgage may exist in possessory or nonpossessory form. In the event of possessory pledge, the pledged property is held by the pledgee; where pledge is nonpossessory, the pledged property remains with the pledgor. For instance, the mortgage of real property always has a nonpossessory nature, i.e. the mortgagor retains the mortgaged building, apartment or land in his possession and use.
The procedure for the execution of levy on the pledged property (foreclosure) constitutes an essential part of legislation concerning pledges. According to Russian law, execution may be levied in both judicial and extrajudicial manner, although execution on mortgaged real property may only be levied through a court action. A typical foreclosure procedure is described below:
ПОРЯДОК ОБРАЩЕНИЯ ВЗЫСКАНИЯ НА ЗАЛОЖЕННЫЕ АКЦИИ
PROCEDURE FOR LEVY OF
EXECUTION ON THE PLEDGED
SHARES
1.1. В соответствии со стать- 1.1. In accordance with Article 7 ей 7 Договора Залога все Заof the Pledge Agreement, all or ложенные акции или любая any part of the Pledged Shares их часть может быть продана may be sold at the Pledgee’s opпо выбору Залогодержателя с tion at public auction (in one or публичных торгов (в один more stages) to be organized by или несколько этапов), оргаthe Pledgee or a specialized orнизуемых Залогодержателем ganization in the manner conили специализированной орtemplated by Applicable Law, ганизацией в порядке, предуwith an opening price equal to (i) смотренном Действующим at the first public auction – eighty законодательством, с начальpercent (80%) of the value speci-
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ной ценой, равной (i) на перfied in Clause 2.3 of the Pledge вых публичных торгах - 80% Agreement, and (ii) at the second (восьмидесяти процентам) public auction – sixty percent стоимости, указанной в ста- (60%) of the value specified in тье 2.3 Договора Залога, а (ii) Clause 2.3 of the Pledge Agree-
на вторых публичных торгах ment. - 60% (шестидесяти процентам) стоимости, указанной в статье 2.3 Договора Залога.
1.2. Залогодержатель вправе 1.2. The Pledgee shall be entiпо своему исключительному tled, at its sole discretion:
усмотрению:
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1.2.1. |
(а) |
определять |
дату, |
1.2.1. |
(a) to |
set |
the date, time, |
время |
и |
место проведения |
and place for holding each public |
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каждых |
публичных торгов; |
auction; |
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(б) устанавливать порядок |
(b) |
to set |
the |
procedures for |
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проведения каждых |
публич- |
holding each public auction; |
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ных торгов; |
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(в)осуществлять все мероприя- (c) to execute all measures with тия по проведению каждых respect to conducting each public публичных торгов, включая, auction, including (without limi- помимо прочего, рекламные tation) promotional campaigns as мероприятия, признанные целе- may be deemed advisable by the
сообразными Залогодержателем; Pledgee;
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(г) утверждать результаты |
(d) to approve the results of the |
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публичных торгов и уведом- |
public auction and to notify the |
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лять о них Залогодателя и |
Pledgor and other interested par- |
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других |
заинтересованных |
ties of such; |
лиц; |
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(д) |
привлекать агента для |
(e) to hire an agent to assist the |
содействия Залогодержателю |
Pledgee in exercising the powers |
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в |
осуществлении полномо- |
specified in items (a) - (d) above, |
чий, предусмотренных под- |
and to delegate such powers to |
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пунктами (а) - (г) выше, и де- |
the agent; |
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легировать агенту такие пол- |
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номочия; |
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(е) нанимать |
профессио- |
(f) to employ professional con- |
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нальных |
консультантов, |
sultants, |
including |
appraisers, |
включая оценщиков, обмер- |
measurers, |
engineers, |
attorneys, |
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щиков, инженеров, юристов и |
and accountants in |
connection |
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бухгалтеров в связи с прове- |
with conducting the auction and |
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дением торгов и осуществле- |
exercising the rights of the |
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нием прав Залогодержателя; а |
Pledgee; and |
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также |
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(ж) |
нести |
и оплачивать |
за- |
(g) to incur and pay the expenses |
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траты и расходы по проведе- |
and costs for conducting the auc- |
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нию торгов, затраты и расхо- |
tion, the expenses and costs of its |
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ды своих агентов и консуль- |
agents |
and |
consultants |
under |
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тантов, |
нанятых |
согласно |
items (e) and (f) above, as well as |
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подпунктам (д) и (е) выше, а |
notary, |
registration, |
and |
other |
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также нотариальные, регист- |
fees and costs connected with |
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рационные и иные затраты и |
transferring |
ownership |
of |
the |
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расходы, связанные с переда- |
Pledged Shares to a buyer or to |
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чей |
права |
собственности |
на |
the Pledgee. |
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Заложенные акции покупате- |
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лю или Залогодержателю. |
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1.2.2.Залогодержатель |
не |
1.2.2. The Pledgee shall not be |
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вправе начинать |
торги |
по |
entitled to open an auction for |
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продаже Заложенного обору- |
sale of the Pledged Shares at a |
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дования с цены ниже началь- |
price lower than the opening |
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ной цены, указанной в пункте |
price specified in Clause 1.1 |
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1.1 выше. |
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above. |
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1.2.3 Все |
затраты |
и расходы |
1.2.3. All expenses and costs of |
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Залогодержателя |
(включая, |
the Pledgee |
(including, |
without |
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помимо прочего, все затраты |
limitation,, all expenses and costs |
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и расходы, понесенные в свя- |
incurred in connection with the |
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зи с Договором Залога, тор- |
Pledge |
Agreement, |
the |
auction, |
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гами и передачей права соб- |
and transfer of ownership of the |
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ственности |
на Заложенные |
Pledged Shares) shall be included |
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акции, включаются в сумму |
in the amount of the Secured Ob- |
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Обеспеченных обязательств. |
ligations. |
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1.2.4.Вся выручка от продажи |
1.2.4. All proceeds from the sale |
Заложенных акций направля- |
of the Pledged Shares shall be di- |
ется на погашение Обеспе- |
rected toward repayment of the |
ченных обязательств. |
Secured Obligations. |
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1.2.5.Залогодержатель 1.2.5. The Pledgee shall be enti-
вправе самостоятельно, в ка- |
tled independently, as the |
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честве |
Залогодержателя |
от |
Pledgee on the Pledgor’s behalf, |
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имени Залогодателя, переда- |
to transfer legal ownership of |
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вать любому покупателю за- |
Pledged Shares to any buyer, free |
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конное |
право |
собственности |
of any all proprietary and other |
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на Заложенные акции, сво- |
rights of the Pledgee and the |
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бодное от всех имуществен- |
Pledgor, and to certify payment |
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ных и иных прав Залогодер- |
by the buyer of the purchase |
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жателя и Залогодателя, а так- |
price, for which the signature of |
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же удостоверять уплату по- |
an officer of the Pledgee shall be |
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купателем |
покупной |
цены, |
sufficient. Such buyer shall be |
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для чего достаточно подписи |
entitled to register its ownership |
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должностного |
лица |
Залого- |
with all respective governmental |
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держателя. Такой покупатель |
bodies by presenting to such bod- |
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вправе |
регистрировать |
свое |
ies a certification regarding the |
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право собственности во всех |
Pledge Agreement together with |
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соответствующих |
органах |
certification from an officer of |
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власти путем представления в |
the Pledgee indicating that such |
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такие |
органы |
свидетельства |
buyer is the owner of the Pledged |
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относительно Договора зало- |
Shares. |
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га вместе со свидетельством |
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должностного |
лица |
Залого- |
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держателя о том, что такой |
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покупатель |
является |
собст- |
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венником Заложенных акций. |
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