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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5430_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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44
Metals in Medicine, Volume 2
-
ibility.
8
enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) and selective cytotoxicity against
such as damaging cancer cell components like lipids, proteins, and nucleic
2
),
hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), and hydroxyl radical (OH), results in denaturation
5,13
limiting cancer spread and recurrence, reducing cancer cell adhesion and
-
10,14
-
15,10,16
treatment such as medication and gene delivery, nanomachines that may
mimic biological processes, shape-memory polymers used in molecular
-
tical ingredients.
17
5
-
immunologic adjuvant.
5,18
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Zinc Oxide Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy
45
proportionate increase in toxicity has been linked to the increased amount
4,10,19–22
ZnO nanoparticles
detrimental impact on healthy bodily cells. As a result, they become more
against the target tissue.
nanotubes, nanobelts, and other complex morphologies, have been created
10
Synthesis processes
lines. For osteoblast development and osteointegration, the topographic
23,24
diagnosis, sustained drug delivery, in vivo bioimaging, and as a multitarget
antitumor agent.
3
9,25
as in alkali hydroxides to produce corresponding salts.
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46
Metals in Medicine, Volume 2
2
2
O
2
2
4
Zn–O has a very strong ionic bond (Zn
O
), but it also displays light
-
-
26
27–29
30
It exhibits a broad
-
electric, electrical conductivity, and optical characteristics.
7,31,32
33
34
-
32
researched as acoustic resonator material.
35
ZnO occurs in three poly-
36
37
HW
over CZ.
38
Many research studies have provided evidence that a decrease in metal
39
ZnO
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Zinc Oxide Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy
47
and electronic industries. Besides use in electronic devices and as photo-
NPs have been demonstrated to display antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and
various other important biological activities.
41–43,60
ZnO NPs are unstable
32
(3D) nanomaterials.
44
and 3D structures, lies outside the nanoscale range (diameters less than 100
nm) (Fig. 2.2).
41
such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanospheres, tetrapods, hexagonal tripods,
41,45,46
FIGURE 2.1
36
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48
Metals in Medicine, Volume 2
FIGURE 2.2
2.2 SYNTHESIS OF ZnO NPS
29
-
sion, condensation), chemical (micro-emulsion, spray pyrolysis, precipita-
methods (plants, microbes) as outlined in Figure 2.3.
16
max
), Fourier
ultra-high resolution images at atomic scale), transmission electron micros-
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Zinc Oxide Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy
49
16,47
FIGURE 2.3
phase chemical synthesis method. Sol-gel, precipitation, co-precipitation,
solvothermal, hydrothermal, micro-emulsion, etc., involve liquid phase
chemical synthesis.
48
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50
Metals in Medicine, Volume 2
commonly used to convert a colloidal solution into gel. An inorganic alkali
49
A solvothermal method uses a solvent at moderate to
16
50
to produce NPs. Ball milling, sputtering, laser ablation, ion implantation,
16
Physical methods are
48
Biological or green synthesis methods have gained popularity over the
the process and product toxicity vis a vis are less expensive.
48
In biological
or green synthesis method, plant extract, microbes, algae etc. are used as
-
51,52
Several bacterial strains such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Lactobacillus
sporogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans Bacillus
licheniformis, Serratia ureilytica, Arthrospira platensis, Desertilum sp.
EAZ03 and Marinobacter sp. 2C8 and Vibrio sp. VLA
16
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Zinc Oxide Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy
51
TABLE 2.1
S. no Plant part used Plant name [reference]
1 Leaves
Abutilon indicum
16
Agathosma betulina
48
Aloe perryi
51
Aloe Vera
48
Anisochilus carnosus
48
Artocarpus heterophyllus
51
Atalantia monophyla
51
Azadirachta indica
48
Berberis aristate
16
Berberis aristate
51
Calatropis gigantea
48
Calliandra haematocephala
51
Cassia alata
51
Cassia fistula
16
Cinnamomum tamala
51
Couroupita guianensis
54
Eclipta alba
54
Eryngium foetidum L
51
Eichhornia crassipes
48
Euphorbia hirta
51
Hibiscus subdariffa
54
Juglans regia L.
51
Melia azedarach
48
Moringa oleifera
48
Morus nigra
51
Mussaenda frondose
16
Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens
48
Paris polyphylla Sm
51
Parthenium hysterophorus L.
48
Phyllanthus niruri
48
Plectranthus amboinicus
48
Pongamia pinnata
48
Prosopis juliflora
51
Punica granatum
54
Santalum album
48
Solanum nigrum
48
Urtica dioica
51
Vaccinium arctostaphylos L
51
Vitex negundo
48
2
Coptidis Rhizoma
48
3
Aspalathus linearis
47
Nyctanthes arbortristis
47
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
51
Solanum lycopersicum
47
Trifolium pratense
47
Trifolium Pratense
48
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52
Metals in Medicine, Volume 2
S. no Plant part used Plant name [reference]
4 Fruits
Lycopersicon esculentum
54
Myristica fragrans
16
Nephelium lappaceum L.
48
Rosa canina
48
Vitex negundo
48
Zizyphus jujube
51
5 Seeds
Cucurbita andreana naudin
51
Cuminum cyminum
51
Cydonia oblonga
48
Peganum harmala
54
6 Peel
Citrus aurantifolia
54
Citrus paradise
54
Citrus sinensis
54
Musa acuminate
51
7
Coccinia abyssinica
51
8 Bark
Albizia lebbeck
16
Artemisia annua
51
Kalopanax septemlobus
51
9 Root
Codonopsis lanceolata
51
Polygala tenuifolia
47
10 Stem
Mussaenda frondose
16
or intracellular environment.
48
It is a complex, costly, and time-consuming
53
Algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhar dtii, Sargassum muticum, S. myrio-
cystum.
48
and Ulva lactuca.
16
Asper-
gillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terr eus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and
Xylaria acuta
large-scale productivity, and metal bioaccumulation property.
16,48
2.3 POSSIBLE MECHANISMS AND CELL-BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF
ZnO
55,56
TABLE 2.1 (Continued)
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Zinc Oxide Nanoformulations for Cancer Therapy
53
played a major role due to their unique physicochemical properties compared to
other metal nanoparticles.
40,57,58
59
acids.
45,58–60
59,61
Hence, ZnO NP is considered a promising nanomate-
Moreover, the ZnO NPs have the inherent ability to destroy the cancer
cell alone among the noncancerous cells.
62–64
63
Because the ZnO nanoparticles
properties.
63
When the ZnO NP is administered, it undergoes a dissolution
generation by Zn
-
59,65–68
apoptosis cell signaling.
59,69–71
dissociated Zn
proteins (Bak and Bax) on the mitochondrial membrane. Its results are that
gene expression, resulting in apoptosis cell death in cancer cells.
5
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