Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5432_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
X
- •Thank You
- •Contents
- •Authors
- •Chapter Contributions
- •Notice
- •The Why
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •The Theory
- •Adverse Event (AE)
- •Adverse Reaction (AR)
- •Unexpected Adverse Event — FDA
- •Unlisted Adverse Reaction — EMA
- •Expected (Listed versus Labeled)
- •The Practice
- •United States
- •European Union
- •Consensus Documents
- •The Practice
- •Over-the-Counter Drugs
- •United States
- •European Union
- •Staying Up to Date
- •Scientific/Medical Literature
- •Meetings and Conferences
- •The Internet
- •Introduction
- •The Safety Reporting Portal
- •Risk Management
- •MedWatch
- •Safety Databases
- •Other Useful FDA Web Pages
- •Over-the-Counter Products
- •Drug Safety Oversight Board
- •21st Century Cures Act
- •Drug Safety Inspections
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •European Medicines Agency
- •Organization and Structure
- •Risk Management
- •The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee
- •Volume 10 Clinical Trial PV
- •The EMA Website
- •Newsletters and RSS Feeds
- •Comments
- •Missions
- •Scope
- •Organization
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •CIOMS VIII (2010):
- •Additional Working Groups
- •Definitions
- •Managing Blinded Cases
- •The E2B(R3) and M2 Documents
- •Good Case Management Practices
- •Background and Scope
- •Pharmacovigilance Plan
- •Key Functions of UMC
- •Benefits of the UMC
- •Why a chapter on the UMC?
- •Introduction
- •Mid-sized and Small Pharma
- •Introduction
- •General Remarks
- •Investigator Training and Meetings
- •Project Planning & Development
- •Abstracts and Poster Presentations
- •Data Management
- •CROs
- •Marketing and Sales
- •The Labeling Department
- •The Legal Department
- •New Business Due Diligence
- •General Remarks
- •Introduction
- •Organization
- •Small to Mid-Size Companies
- •Large Companies
- •Triage Unit
- •Data Entry Unit
- •Case Processing Unit
- •Medical Case Review
- •Transmission Unit
- •PV Regulatory Intelligence
- •Regulatory Unit
- •Legal Unit
- •Archive/File Room
- •Training
- •Quality Assurance/Control
- •Literature Review
- •Data Dictionary Maintenance
- •Coding Unit
- •Risk Management
- •Education
- •Skills
- •Profile
- •Introduction
- •Initiating the Research
- •Phase I
- •Phase II
- •Phase III
- •Phase IV
- •Late Phase Studies
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Other Study-Related Issues
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •Triage
- •Database Entry
- •Quality Review
- •Follow-Up
- •Medical Review
- •Case Closure
- •Tracking
- •Investigator Notification
- •Introduction
- •Seriousness
- •Expectedness
- •Relatedness (Causality)
- •Methodology
- •Global Introspection
- •Algorithms
- •Comment
- •United States FDA
- •European Union
- •Summary and Comments
- •AR/AE Coding
- •MedDRA
- •Regulatory Status
- •MedDRA in Practice
- •Training
- •AE Severity Coding
- •WHO Drug Global
- •Future
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Introduction
- •Sources of Spontaneous AEs
- •United States Regulations
- •Other Regions
- •Process Issues
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •Generics
- •Excipients
- •Placebo
- •Generics
- •Online Pharmacies
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Overview
- •AI and PV
- •Comments
- •Expedited Reporting
- •Clinical Trial Reporting
- •IND Annual Reports
- •Canadian Requirements
- •Elsewhere
- •Bottom Line
- •General Principles
- •Sources of AEs
- •Literature and Publications
- •Other Sources of Reports
- •Follow-Up
- •European Union Regulations
- •General Comments
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •NDA Periodic Reports
- •PSURs to the FDA
- •Section 3: Index Line Listing
- •Section 4: ICSRs
- •Other Reports
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Introduction
- •Aggregate Reports
- •Spontaneous Reports
- •Reporting Rates versus Risk
- •Numerator calculations
- •Denominator calculations
- •Other Data Mining Methods
- •Introduction
- •The Cohort Study
- •The Case-Control Study
- •The Nested Case-Control Study
- •Confidence Intervals
- •Conclusions
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •The Signal — Definition
- •Data Mining
- •Other Sources of Signal Data
- •Putting It All Together
- •Organizational Team
- •Signal Workup
- •Prioritize
- •Arrange and Review
- •The Workup
- •The Conclusions and Next Steps
- •The Safety Committee
- •Investigating a Signal
- •Interpreting a Signal
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •Why Risk Management?
- •The US FDA
- •The Approved REMS
- •Comments
- •Shared System REMS
- •REMS Template
- •Comments
- •European Union RMPs
- •When is an RMP Needed?
- •EU RMP Content
- •General Remarks on the EU RMP
- •Comments and Suggestions
- •27. Drug Interactions
- •Introduction
- •Cytochrome P450
- •Frequency
- •Communication
- •Introduction
- •Governments
- •Media
- •NGOs and Lobbies
- •Industry Organizations
- •Other Groups
- •Conclusion and Comments
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Introduction
- •Comment
- •Practicalities
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •31. Product Labeling
- •Introduction
- •Investigator Brochure
- •Other Countries
- •Labeling Update Process
- •Comments
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •Introduction
- •Safety Agreement Contents
- •Regulatory Status
- •Regulatory Responsibilities
- •Regulatory Documents
- •Regulatory Submissions
- •Safety Databases
- •Definitions
- •Audits
- •Other Issues
- •Soft Points
- •Comments
- •Drug Due Diligence
- •33. Where Data Reside
- •Introduction
- •FAERS Public Dashboard
- •FAERS Quarterly Data Files
- •Redacted ICSRs
- •Clinical Trial Data
- •VigiBase
- •Health Canada
- •MHRA
- •Teratology Data
- •Introduction
- •Data Entry
- •Workflow
- •Administration
- •Validation
- •Labeling Functions
- •Reporting Functions
- •Data Export and Import
- •Pharmacovigilance Functions
- •Database Support
- •Data Entry
- •Data Transmission (E2B)
- •E2B(R3)
- •Database Migration
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Introduction
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •The Theory
- •Children
- •In the United States
- •In the European Union
- •The Elderly
- •FDA and the ICH E7 Guideline
- •FDA Guidance and Geriatric Rule
- •Other Special Groups
- •Women
- •African Americans
- •Introduction
- •Bendectin®: A False Alert
- •Market Removal
- •Adriamycin®
- •Gene Therapy
- •Anti-retroviral Drugs
- •Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
- •Actions Taken
- •Future for Long-Latency AEs
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Introduction
- •Pregnancy
- •Lactation
- •Good Epidemiologic Practices
- •Situation in the European Union
- •Lactation
- •Other Resources
- •perinatology.com
- •Frequently Asked Questions
- •39. Product Quality Issues
- •Introduction
- •Basics
- •Manufacturing Considerations
- •Product Recall
- •General Remarks
- •Frequently Asked Question
- •Introduction
- •Databases
- •Archiving
- •Record Retention Times
- •41. PV Quality System
- •Introduction
- •42. Training
- •Introduction
- •What is Pharmacovigilance?
- •Safety Database
- •Workflow
- •Signaling and Pharmacovigilance
- •Academic Training
- •Other External Training
- •43. Audits and Inspections
- •The Basics
- •Scope of the Audit
- •How an Inspection Flows
- •Findings
- •Penalties
- •FDA Safety Inspections
- •Key Documents
- •Summary and Comments
- •Introduction
- •Codes of Conduct
- •Comments and Summary
- •Translational Medicine
- •North America
- •Europe
- •Academic Consultation
- •The Sunshine Act




Published by
World Scientic Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA oce: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK oce: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
COBERT’S MANUAL OF DRUG SAFETY AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE
Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2025 by World Scientic Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written
permission from the publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher.
ISBN 978-981-12-9771-7 (hardcover)
ISBN 978-981-98-0021-6 (paperback)
ISBN 978-981-12-9772-4 (ebook for institutions)
ISBN 978-981-12-9773-1 (ebook for individuals)
For any available supplementary material, please visit
https://www.worldscientic.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/13970#t=suppl
Typeset by Stallion Press
Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com
Printed in Singapore

v
Thank You
Barton Cobert: Thanks to Chris Davis who saw
enough merit in the earlier editions to publish a fourth
edition. And thank you to the team at World Publish-
ing. Great to work with all of you!
Thanks to our many colleagues in the drug safety
world for their advice and clarification.
And again, thanks to my loving and lovely wife
Josiane and our children Julien Cobert, MD and
Emilie Murray, MD, JD, MPH for their advice and
contributions.
Thanks to Catherine, Bill and Jean-Loup for taking
much of the work and pressure off my retired shoulders!
Jean-Loup Thomas: Thanks to all my colleagues and
ex-colleagues who have been so professional and nice
to work with.
William Gregory: To Lauren and Carly for their
incredible love and understanding, for giving me a
sharper appreciation of lawyers and veterinarians,
and for making my soul blossom every day. To my co-
authors for being so smart and easy to work alongside,
chapter by chapter.
Catherine Baldridge: To my patient husband and
three beautiful children for giving me love, support, and
encouragement; To my late brother, Philip, for fueling
my fire to fight for ethical product development and
safety; To my sister for her constant “you can do this”
and daily reminder that I have something important to
say, and to my parents for providing me with an educa-
tion & skills that have allowed me to succeed. Lastly,
thank you to Bart, Bill, and Jean-Loup for allowing me
to contribute to the text and learn from their illustrious
careers and valuable experience!

vii
Contents
Thank You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Manual 4 Introductions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Authors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Chapter Contributions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Notice
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii
Chapter 1 The History and Theory of Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
The Why . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
A Brief History, Focusing on the US FDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Regulations, Laws, and Guidances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The United States and EU Laws, Regulations, Guidances, Guidelines,
Directives and Practices
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Safety & PV Operational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
The Mission of a Safety Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 2 Primary Definitions relevant to Safety & Pharmacovigilance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

viii Cobert’s Manual of Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance
The Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Adverse Event (AE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Adverse Event/Experience (AE) — FDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Adverse Reaction (AR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Serious Adverse Event and Serious Adverse Reaction (SAE/SAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Suspected Adverse (Drug) Reaction (SADR) — FDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Serious, Unexpected, Suspected Adverse Reaction (SUSAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Serious, Expected, Suspected Adverse Reaction (SESAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Unexpected Adverse Event — FDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Unexpected Adverse Reaction — EMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Unlisted Adverse Reaction — EMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Expected (Listed versus Labeled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
The Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Q&A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Chapter 3 Regulations, Directives, Guidance, Laws and Consensus Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Consensus Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
The Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Over-the-Counter Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Staying Up to Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Scientific/Medical Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Meetings and Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
The Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Chapter 4 The United States Food and Drug Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Safety Reporting Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
MedWatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Safety Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Other Useful FDA Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Center for Devices and Radiologic Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Over-the-Counter Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Drug Safety Oversight Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Prescription Drug User Fee Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Prescription Drug User Fee Act: Five-Year Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Food and Drug Administration Act (FDAAA) of 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
21st Century Cures Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The Sentinel System and ARIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Contents ix
What is Expected from Drug Companies by the FDA?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
What is Expected from Consumers and Healthcare Professionals by the FDA? . .42
FDA Publications and Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Drug Safety Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Chapter 5 The European Medicines Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Due to Brexit, the EMA moved from London to Amsterdam, The Netherlands
and the number of EU countries is back to 27. Note that there is a pathway for
additional jurisdictions to enter the EU. Registration Procedures in the EU
. . . . . . .48
European Medicines Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Organization and Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
EudraVigilance — The EU Safety Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
What Is Not in the Scope of EMA? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
The Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Post-marketing PV EU Regulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Volume 10 Clinical Trial PV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
The EMA Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
European Network of Centers for Pharmaco epidemiology and
Pharmacovigilance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Newsletters and RSS Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Agence Nationale de Sécurité des Médicaments et Produits de santé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chapter 6 Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
CIOMS I (1990): International Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
CIOMS II (1992): International Reporting of Periodic Drug-Safety Update
Summaries
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
CIOMS III (1995 and 1998/1999): Guidelines for Preparing Core Clinical
Safety Information on Drugs (1995), Including New Proposals for
Investigator’s Brochures (1998/1999)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
CIOMS IV (1998): Benefit–Risk Balance for Marketed Drugs: Evaluating
Safety Signals
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CIOMS V (2001): Current Challenges in Pharmacovigilance: Pragmatic
Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CIOMS VI (2005): Management of Safety Information from Clinical Trials . . . . . . . 77
Regulatory Reporting and Communications of Safety Information from
Clinical Trials
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
CIOMS VII (2006): Development Safety Update Report (DSUR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

x Cobert’s Manual of Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance
CIOMS VIII (2010): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CIOMS/WHO Working Group on Vaccine Pharmacovigilance (2012):
Definitions and Applications of Terms for Vaccine Pharmacovigilance
. . . . . . . . . . .83
CIOMS IX (2014): Practical Approaches to Risk Minimization for Medicinal
Products
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CIOMS X (2016): Evidence Synthesis and Meta-analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CIOMS SMQs (2016): Development and Rational Use of Standardized MedDRA
Queries: Retrieving Adverse Drug Reactions with MedDRA — Second Edition
Japanese Translation Available
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
CIOMS (2017): Guide to Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
CIOMS ICH Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
CIOMS (2020) Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CIOMS XI Patient Involvement in the Development, Regulation and Safe
Use of Medicines (2022)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CIOMS XII (2023, Draft) — Benefit-Risk Balance for Medicinal Products . . . . . . . . . . 85
Additional Working Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Chapter 7 International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for
Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for Drugs
Intended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life Threatening Conditions . . . . . . . .89
E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for
Expedited Reporting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Managing Blinded Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
E2B: Clinical Safety Data Management: Data Elements for Transmission of
Individual Case Safety Reports
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
The E2B(R3) and M2 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
The E2B(R3) and ISO/HL7 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
E2C(R2) Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report and E2C(R2) Q&As . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
E2C(R2) Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report (PBRER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards
for Expedited Reporting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Sources of Individual Case Safety Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Good Case Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Background and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
The Sections of a Pharmacovigilance Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Pharmacovigilance Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
E2F: Development Safety Update Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
E19: Optimization of Safety Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
M1: MedDRA
®
Terminology (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) . . . . .102
Chapter 8 The Uppsala Monitoring Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
UMC and the WHO Program for International Drug Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Contents xi
Key Functions of UMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Benefits of the UMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Pharmacovigilance Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Why a chapter on the UMC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Chapter 9 Biopharmaceutical Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
Big and Somewhat Big Pharma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Mid-sized and Small Pharma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Contract/Clinical Research Organizations (CROs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Bankruptcies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Chapter 10 The Safety Department’s Role in Cross-Functional areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Clinical Operations & Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Investigator Training and Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Interim Analysis, Annual and final study reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Signal Detection & Benefit Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Project Planning & Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Abstracts and Poster Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
CROs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Marketing and Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
The Labeling Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
The Legal Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
Regulatory Affairs Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
The Quality and Compliance Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
New Business Due Diligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Pre-Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Signaling and Epidemiology Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
The Medical Information/Medical Affairs Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Manufacturing (Product Quality Complaints) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Chapter 11 Organization of a Typical Drug Safety Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Small to Mid-Size Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Large Companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Triage Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Case Assessment and Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Data Entry Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Case Processing Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Medical Case Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Transmission Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана
