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Файл:Особенности употребления англоязычной терминологии дизайна = English Design Terminology in Use. Учебное пособие.pdf
For such a bathroom only expensive accessories in the form of
relief vases and small statues are bought. Have you ever wondered
why you constantly save up some particular types of things like
magazines, cosmetics, or clothing accessories? There were all the
necessities for absolute comfort: electric accessories, air
conditioning, electric mirrors, etc.
2. Aperture брит. [ˈæpətʃə], амер. [ˈæpətʃər] (n) отверстие,
апертура, проем, щель, скважина, пролет
Through a narrow aperture in the wall, the travellers entered the
cave. He saw a white figure in the dark doorway and stopped. We
found ourselves in the atrium, a covered courtyard with a pool into
which rainwater flows through an aperture in the roof.
3. Furniture cover брит. [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə ˈkʌvə], амер. [ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər
ˈkʌvər] (n) накидка, чехол для мебели
A big role in the design of interiors was played by the
correspondence between different elements: for example, furniture
covers, bedspreads and curtains were not only of the same colour,
but also of the same fabric. She has to sew furniture covers all day
long at her factory.
4. Clarity брит., амер. [ˈklærəti] (n) ясность, четкость,
прозрачность, чистота
Headphones from this manufacturer have amazing sound clarity.
There is no clarity and peace in my understanding of this problem,
my thoughts are confused and restless. This design is a perfect
example of brevity and clarity.
5. Completeness брит., амер. [kəmˈpliːtnəs] (n) полнота,
завершенность, законченность
This helps to describe this interaction with a high degree of
completeness. These are beautiful little things that give completeness
to the style of the interior. For the sake of completeness, I have to say
more about the disadvantages as well.
6. Curtain брит. [ˈkɜːt(ə)n], амер. [ˈkɜːrtn] (n) занавес,
штора, завеса, портьера; (v) занавешивать
The huge, luxurious hall seemed gloomy and stuffy because of
the tightly closed curtains. There is no definite answer to this
mystery, but we can try to at least lift the curtain of obscurity. If you
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feel like there are extra windows in a particular room, they can be
curtained off.
7. Convenience брит., амер. [kənˈviːnɪəns] (n) удобство,
комфорт; marriage of convenience – брак по расчету
Today everybody is looking for convenience. A real car is all
about convenience and safety for drivers and passengers. Maugham
wrote a touching story about how a marriage of convenience became
a happy one.
8. Discreet брит., амер. [dɪˈskriːt] (adj.) сдержанный, осто-
рожный, благоразумный
The tribe lived in dugouts or small houses and wore homespun
clothing and discreet jewelry. Furniture of this style has a discreet
and practical design. No one will ever think you‟re doing discreet
surveillance.
9. Intertwine брит. [ɪntəˈtwaɪn], амер. [ˌɪntərˈtwaɪn] (v) пере-
плетать, скручиваться
10. Lack (of) брит., амер. [læk] (n) нехватка, отсутствие,
недостаток
This book describes the reasons why we feel lack of time. He is
handsome, but his lack of tact is simply astonishing. Students often
lack time due to heavy workload.
11. Meticulously брит. [məˈtɪkjʊləslɪ], амер. [məˈtɪkjələslɪ]
(adv.) тщательно, дотошно, придирчиво
You have to choose meticulously the sauce for this dish. The
interior has been meticulously designed. When decorating children‟s
rooms, it is necessary to meticulously go into every detail.
12. Monochrome брит. [ˈmɒnəkrəʊm], амер. [ˈmɑːnəkrəʊm]
(adj.) монохромный, одноцветный
A grisaille is a painting made with shades of a monochrome
colour. Furniture should be monochrome, made of the same material.
Works of modern art and reproductions of famous paintings look
particularly well on monochrome walls.
13. Panoramic брит., амер. [ˌpænəˈræmɪk] (adj.) пано-
рамный
The panoramic windows gave the house a great view. Gothic
architecture is characterized by panoramic arched glazing.
A panoramic image will be required to add depth to the space.
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14. Predominance брит. [prɪˈdɒmɪnəns], амер. [prɪˈdɑːmɪnəns]
(n) преобладание, господство, превосходство
Paintings with a predominance of red colour motivate nervous
activity and heart function. Rustical style in design is characterized
by the predominance of natural materials. The Middle Ages in
Europe was a time of predominance of Church-Catholic ideals.
15. Proclaim брит., амер. [prəˈkleɪm] (v) провозглашать,
объявлять
An old servant opened the gate and proclaimed the name of the
guest who had arrived. After the queen‟s death, her son was
proclaimed king. After Ivanhoe‟s victory, Rebecca was proclaimed
innocent.
16. Reject брит., амер. [rɪˈdʒekt] (v) отвергать, отклонять
Romantic painting rejected everyday life and people. Avantgarde Art of the 20th century rejected all the usual previous norms.
Paris Salon d‟Art jurors rejected some 3.000 artists‟ works, denying
them entry to the annual exhibition.
17. Spire брит. [spaɪə], амер. [ˈspaɪər] (n) шпиль
The tall church spire sparkled in the sun. At the end of the
avenue the Admiralty spire was darkening. Thin spires of towers rose
above the main building.
18. Tapestry брит. [ˈtæpɪstrɪ], амер. [ˈtæpəstrɪ] (n) гобелен
Dark walls were decorated with tapestries of geometric figures.
Therefore, the only protection from the wind was dense fabric and
tapestries. The only luxury item in the room was an antique tapestry.
19. Unsophisticated брит. [ʌnsəˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd], амер.
[ˌʌnsəˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd] (adj.) простой, неподдельный, неискушенный
Despite her age, she was unsophisticated and inexperienced.
After throwing a few unsophisticated dresses into my suitcase,
rightly reasoning that ball gowns were better left untouched, I began
to put my shoes together. Furniture was very simple and
unsophisticated, often uncomfortable.
20. Vaulted ceilings брит. [ˈvɒltɪd ˈsiːlɪŋ], амер. [ˈvɒltəd ˈsiːlɪŋ]
сводчатый потолок, перекрытие
Multicoloured chandeliers hung from the high vaulted ceiling.
Buildings in the Romanesque style were thorough, squat, with stone
vaulted ceilings. The white vaulted ceiling high above her head was
decorated with exquisite frescoes.
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1) aperture
2) convenience
3) curtain
4) intertwine
5) meticulously
6) monochrome
7) predominance
8) spire
9) tapestry
10) unsophisticated
a) шпиль
b) удобство
c) придирчиво
d) преобладание
e) переплетать
f) отверстие
g) неподдельный
h) одноцветный
i) гобелен
j) штора
2. Match the words with their translation.
3. Match the words from the Active Vocabulary with the
following definitions:
1) an object or device that is not essential in itself but adds to
the beauty, convenience, or effectiveness of something else;
2) to unite by twining one with another;
3) is to announce or declare something publicly;
4) a heavy hand-woven reversible textile used for hangings,
curtains;
5) prevailing position, superiority in size or number;
6) to refuse to accept, consider, submit to, take for some
purpose, or use;
7) is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of
a building or tower;
8) in a way that pays careful attention to every detail;
9) the quality of being expressed clearly;
10) careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much
attention, especially by keeping something secret.
4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the Active
Vocabulary.
1. Earrings and a handbag will give … to the look.
2. She was still a naive, … child in her twenties.
3. In medieval buildings, the arch often replaced the usual
rectangular … .
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4. ... means showing a full or wide view.
5. A scout must be ordinary, …, not conspicuous.
6. The back of the stage was covered by a luxurious velvet … .
7. Sofas and chairs covered with … and curtained windows
gave the house an uninhabited appearance.
8. Someone would invariably … a toast to him, and he would
be embarrassed and object.
9. For the sake of …, all names are given in full.
10. In this resort you can enjoy all the comfort and … of
modern tourism.
5. Make up your own sentences with the words from the
Active Vocabulary.
6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into
English using the words from the Active Vocabulary.
1. Невесте, кроме свадебного платья, необходимы разно-
образные аксессуары.
2. Без правильно подобранной сумки образу не хватает
ощущения завершенности.
3. Теперь наши жизни неразрывно переплетены.
4. Купола церквей часто украшаются высокими шпилями.
5. В оконном проеме появился худощавый рыжий маль-
чишка лет десяти.
6. Он был искусным мастером и всегда работал не спеша,
тщательно и безупречно.
7. Самая большая наша трудность – нехватка рабочих
и оборудования.
8. У дальней от двери стены было огромное панорамное
окно, откуда открывался вид на проспект.
9. В путешествии часто приходится отказываться от
привычных удобств.
10. Любое изделие фирмы тщательно проверяется на ка-
чество.
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Section 2. READING
1. Before you read the text, answer the following questions.
1. Can we say that design as a phenomenon is older than its
name?
2. What does the Latin word ars mean?
3. About which architectural style can we say that the building
seems to aspire to the sky?
4. How were rooms protected from the cold before glazing was
widely used?
5. When did convenience come first in room design?
6. What styles of design emerged in the 20th century?
7. What features are characteristic of the high-tech style?
2. Read the text about the history of the interior design.
Interior Design through the Ages
Interior design dates back long before the word design itself.
The “decoration of furnishings” existed already when there were not
even houses yet. In the ancient style amazingly intertwined beauty
and functionality. The main features of the style of that time can be
called the scale, the predominance of natural materials in the
decoration, discreet design, large windows, a moderate amount of
decoration and a lot of natural light.
During the Middle Ages, both decorative and applied arts were
called by the Latin word ars. Buildings in the Romanesque style
were thorough, squat, with stone vaulted ceilings, wide arched
apertures, rough heavy doors, windows-battlements. Inside, the
interior was not surprisingly refined either. Everything is quite
massive and heavy. The Gothic architecture, on the contrary, seemed
to stretch upwards and had panoramic arched glazing, sharp spires,
stained glass windows. Inside, everything was quite modest. The
interiors and furniture of that time were exceptionally light and
multicoloured.
During the Renaissance, the interior was meticulously thought
out. The Renaissance was characterized by large rooms with rounded
arches and carved woodwork. Furniture was very simple and
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unsophisticated, often uncomfortable. Palaces and castles were built
of stone. Windows were actively glazed a little later. Therefore, the
only protection from the wind was dense fabric and tapestries.
In the middle of XVIII, convenience came first. The design of
the Industrial Revolution was characterized by very expensive Art
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Deco. It mixed Egyptian motifs, combined with Empire, Rococo and
Classicism. The calling card of Art Deco are: large heavy mirrors,
a large number of elements and style contrasts, clear forms, curves.
Art Nouveau appeared in the early XIX century. Its main
features: roundness of lines, almost complete lack of symmetry,
a large number of fabrics (both on the walls and in such stylistic
elements of decor: small pillows, furniture cover and curtains).
Furniture should have rounded corners and be made of wood. The
restraint of the colour scheme is characteristic. Much attention is
paid to accessories – it is the beautiful little things that give
completeness to the style of the interior.
Styles of the XX century are constructivism, deconstructivism,
pop art, glamor, high-tech, minimalism. Their founders were
considered artists, architects and engineers who proclaimed
a complete rejection of existing norms and canons in favor of finding
something new and unusual. For example, high-tech is characterized
by brevity and the use of modernity stylistics. The main style
component is the clarity of lines, the poverty of the colour scheme,
the use of metal, glass and stone. Furniture should be monochrome,
made of the same material, have smooth curves. It is also
characterized by a large number of appliances and maximum
functionality.
3. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct
the false ones.
1. Ancient people did not decorate dwellings, decoration of
rooms appeared when our ancestors began to build houses.
2. Large windows and natural light were key features of ancient
interior design.
3. Buildings in the Romanesque style were usually graceful and
tall.
4. The interior decoration of Gothic cathedrals was usually light
and colourful.
5. Gothic architecture featured tall structures with pointed
spires and stained glass.
6. During the Renaissance, castles were often built of stone.
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1) applied
2) dense
3) main
4) natural
5) rounded
6) carved
7) discreet
8) sharp
9) large
10) stained
a) glass windows
b) spires
c) arches
d) materials
e) features
f) windows
g) design
h) fabric
i) woodwork
j) art
7. Tapestries were used as wind protection before widespread
window glazing.
8. The Industrial Revolution introduced Art Nouveau.
9. Art Deco prioritized affordability and minimalism.
10. The design in hi-tech style is characterized by calm, often
monochromatic gamma.
4. Match the two of the phrases from the text and recall the
sentences with them.
5. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell it
in English using the words from the Active Vocabulary.
Section 3. SPEAKING
1. Consider the following passages [3] about the meaning
of the word predominance.
Predominance. In 1570s the word meant “ruling; controlling;
exerting power, authority, or influence”, from French prédominant
(14 c.), from Medieval Latin *praedominantem (nominative
praedominans), present participle of *praedominare, from Latin
prae “before” (see pre-) + dominari “to rule, dominate, to govern”,
from dominus “lord, master”, from domus “house” (from PIE root
*dem- “house, household”). Weakened sense of “more frequent,
prevalent” is from c. 1600. Suffix -ance is attached to verbs to form
abstract nouns of process or fact (convergence from converge), or of
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state or quality (absence from absent); ultimately from Latin -antia
and -entia, which depended on the vowel in the stem word, from PIE
*-nt-, adjectival suffix.
Latin present-participle endings for verbs stems in -a- were
distinguished from those in -i- and -e-. Hence Modern English
protestant, opponent, obedient from Latin protestare, opponere,
obedire.
As Old French evolved from Latin, these were leveled to -ance,
but later French borrowings from Latin (some of them subsequently
passed to English) used the appropriate Latin form of the ending, as
did words borrowed by English directly from Latin (diligence,
absence).
2. Answer the following questions.
1. Has the meaning of the words changed since the mid-16th
century?
2. What grammatical form does the word go back to?
3. Words with what common meaning are formed with the
suffix -ance?
4. What do you think is a PIE?
5. What is the purpose of the “*” sign?
3. In pairs/groups, discuss what period or style in design
was the most interesting? What style would you prefer for your
home or office? Why?
4. Prepare a short talk on the one of the following topics.
1. The History of Design Thinking.
2. American Modernity.
3. Art Deco Origins and Influences.
4. Art Nouveau: History, Characteristics and Artists.
5. Arts and Crafts Movement.
Section 4. LISTENING
Dialogue 1
1. Listen to the recording and answer the questions below.
1. What do the speakers think the drawing depicts?
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