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Файл:Особенности употребления англоязычной терминологии дизайна = English Design Terminology in Use. Учебное пособие.pdf
3) the act of showing, demonstrating, or displaying something,
often in a visible or tangible form;
4) the process of converting raw materials or semi-finished
goods into finished products using tools, human labor, machinery, or
chemical and biological processing;
5) a craftsman who coats copper and other metal surfaces with
a thin layer of tin for best soldering or to prevent corrosion;
6) work requiring special skills on the manufacture of any
products by hand, artisanal method;
7) to supply with necessities such as tools or provisions; to
furnish (someone) with the qualities necessary for performance;
8) to make an indication of impending danger or harm;
9) process of making data unreadable without a special key or
code;
10) popular trends in clothing and related industries.
4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the Active
Vocabulary.
1. After the advertising campaign we made some … conclusions.
2. The hotel has all the necessary … – closet, bed, table and
a few chairs.
3. I‟m … to your courage.
4. Mirrors and … are very fragile and must be transported with
care.
5. The decorative arts are often categorized in opposition to
the …, namely, painting, drawing, photography, and large-scale
sculpture.
6. Ban on … sales has allowed African elephant populations to
recover.
7. Wire weaving is an ancient … .
8. Your … of our work means everything to us.
9. A certain amount of background … gives the photo depth
and aesthetic appeal.
10. When you pass sentence, I ask you to take into account his
youth.
5. Make up your own sentences with the words from the
Active Vocabulary.
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6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into
English using the words from the Active Vocabulary.
1. Мы понравились друг другу, и я подумала, что он очень
привлекательный.
2. В спокойной красоте природы древние видели про-
явление силы и творчества богов.
3. Просматривая старые газетные вырезки об отце, она все
время вспоминала его.
4. Хотя охранник был вежлив, его тон был скорее угро-
жающим.
5. Нужно сначала оборудовать комнаты для гостей.
6. Хорошие жестянщики всегда найдут для себя работу.
7. Все эти советы касаются и вас.
8. В этом отделе продавались платья всех фасонов и размеров.
9. Для того, чтобы не ошибиться, нужно принять во
внимание все обстоятельства.
10. Рунический алфавит состоял из прямых линий, чтобы
было удобнее его вырезать по камню.
Section 2. READING
1. Before you read the text, assume what the difference
between design and art is. Answer the following questions.
1. What is art?
2. What disciplines do the decorative arts include?
3. What are the similarities between design and art?
4. What common principles are used in both activities?
5. What is the main difference between decorative arts and
design?
2. Read the text about the difference between art and design.
Design and Art: What’s the Difference?
The decorative arts are arts or crafts concerned with the design
and manufacture of beautiful objects that are also functional. It
includes interior design, but not usually architecture. The decorative
arts are often categorized in opposition to the “fine arts”, namely,
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painting, drawing, photography, and large-scale sculpture, which
generally have no function other than to be seen. Some examples of
decorative art are ceramic art (that is pottery), glassware, furniture,
hardstone or ivory carving, metalwork, especially by goldsmiths and
whitesmiths, jewelry, textile arts etc.
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Art is a manifestation of creative imagination. Art can serve
a variety of purposes or exist simply for self-expression. The
appreciation of art is always subjective and its definition evolves
over time. Design, on the other hand, is a plan for creating objects,
systems or processes. It plays an important role in different areas of
life such as fashion, interiors, products, video games and advertising.
Design and decorative arts are similar in some aspects. They
both share the same fundamental creative visual principles: form,
colour, line, contrast, balance, rhythm, etc. and can be visually
appealing. Both designers and artists learn artistic techniques such as
drawing, painting or sculpture to develop their creative abilities.
The main difference between art and design lies in their goals
and approaches to creativity, although sometimes the boundaries
between the two can be blurred. Good design should combine beauty
and functionality, taking into account the needs of users. The primary
goal of design is to create a usable and practical product. Design is
oriented towards others, whereas art is often focused on selfexpression.
Art influences design and vice versa, especially our times. For
example, the pop art movement drew inspiration from product design
and comic books. Some pop art artists began their creative journey in
commercial design, then integrated its techniques into their work.
Others created collages using magazine clippings. Design plays
a significant role in the evolution of art. Fashion photographers and
artists transform design and pop culture elements into unique works
of art. Designers are inspired by commercial products while creating
sculptures, blurring the lines between design and art.
Art and design are two different spheres, each with their own
characteristics. Art attracts attention for its beauty and depth,
whereas in design is important primarily for its practicality and
functionality. It is created with the needs of a wide audience in mind,
is often accessible and not costly.
3. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct
the false ones.
1. Both art and design are functional.
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1) large-scale
2) interior
3) decorative
4) creative
5) artistic
6) main
7) primary
8) commercial
9) important
10) different
a) imagination
b) sculpture
c) role
d) art
e) goal
f) design
g) techniques
h) difference
i) spheres
j) products
2. The main purpose of art is self-expression.
3. You can‟t draw a clear boundary between design and art.
4. Design has had a significant impact on the arts.
5. Despite their differences, design and art have some common
principles.
6. The purpose of both art and design is first and foremost to
create beauty, the rest is unimportant.
7. Stone and ivory carving is a type of decorative art.
8. Design and art use similar principles – colour, shape, line,
and so on.
9. One of the most important design goals is practicality.
10. Design has an impact on different areas of life.
4. Match the two of the phrases from the text and recall the
sentences with them.
in English using the phrases from the exercise 4.
Section 3. SPEAKING
the word ornament.
appearance of something to which it is added or of which it is a part:
architectural ornaments” (Collins Online Dictionary).
5. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell it
1. Consider the following passages [3] about the meaning of
Modern definitions
Оrnament. “An accessory, article, or detail used to beautify the
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“An object that is beautiful rather than useful: a glass ornament,
garden ornaments such as statues and fountains” (Cambridge Online
Dictionary).
“a) something that lends grace, beauty, or festivity: holiday
ornaments; b) a manner or quality that adorns” (Merriam-Webster
Online Dictionary).
Etymological reference
Ornament (from Latin ornamentum – “ornamentation”) is, as is
known, a pattern based on rhythmic alternation and combination of
stylized geometric or pictorial elements.
Ornamental (adj.) “serving as an ornament; adding beauty,
grace, or attractiveness:”, 1640s, formed in English from ornament
(n) + -al (1) and partly from Latin ornamentalis, from ornamentum.
Also from 1640s
Entries linking to ornamental
Ornament (n) c. 1200, ournement, “an accessory; something
that serves primarily for use but also may serve as adornment;
ornamental apparel, jewels”, from Old French ornement “ornament,
decoration”, and directly from Latin ornamentum “apparatus,
equipment, trappings; embellishment, decoration, trinket”, from
ornare “to equip, adorn”, from stem of ordo “row, rank, series,
Arangement” (see order (n)).
The sense shift in English to “something employed simply to
adorn or decorate, something added as an embellishment, whatever
lends grace or beauty to that to which it is added or belongs” is by
late 14 c. (this also was a secondary sense in classical Latin).
Meaning “outward appearance, mere display” is from 1590s. The
figurative use is from 1550s; the meaning “one who adds luster to
one‟s sphere or surroundings” is from 1570s.
2. Answer the following questions.
1. Where did the meaning ornament come from?
2. How did the meaning change though years?
3. What is considered an ornament today?
4. What does an ornament do?
5. Is ornament and jewelry same?
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3. In pairs/groups, discuss the functions of ornaments in
decorative art, design, and architecture.
For more information you may visit the following website:
https://hartlandmill.co.uk/category/ornaments/
4. Prepare a short talk on the one of the following topics.
1. How Nature and Its Forms Inspire Art and Design.
2. The Difference between Art and Decor.
3. Ornamental Traditions around the World.
4. Evolution of Ornamental Design through the Ages.
5. Innovations and Techniques in Ornamental Design.
Section 4. LISTENING
1. You will hear an opinion on what the Decorative Arts is.
Listen to the recording and answer the questions below.
1. What are the main properties of the decorative arts in
contrast to the fine arts, according to the text?
2. What examples of decorative arts does the speaker give?
3. Is the understanding of decorative and fine art the same
between European and non-European peoples? What are the
differences?
4. How did the fact that basket weaving or textile production
were not considered fine arts affect the understanding of women‟s
role in culture?
5. Is the understanding of the difference between decorative
and fine arts the same before and today?
2. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases you hear.
1. The fuzzy edges often come from question like “well what
exactly do you mean by …” ? Functional and utilitarian?
2. But what exactly is the utilitarian function of a ceremonial … ?
3. This separation of the definitions doesn‟t apply to … .
4. However, in the context of Western European categorization,
works made by … were categorized as decorative arts.
5. Many artists work in … that include traditional practices
such as painting.
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UNIT 6. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
LEAD-IN
Comment on the picture given below. What is there in the
picture? What is happening? What could have happened before?
Section 1. VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Study the Active Vocabulary. Read and translate the
given sentences into Russian. Memorise words.
1. Agronomy брит. [əˈɡrɒnəmɪ], амер. [əˈɡrɑːnəmɪ] (n) агрономия, сельское хозяйство, земледелие
He is considered the founder of modern agronomy. With the
advent and development of agronomy, man began to need the close
proximity of water to ensure that plants were properly watered. The
Agronomy Department was established in 1938 and is the oldest
University.
2. Comply (with) брит., амер. [kəmˈplaɪ] (v) соответ-
ствовать, удовлетворять, повиноваться
No one is demanding that a teenager comply with other
prohibitions. Kings derive their authority from them, but when ruling
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a city, the king must comply with the laws and customs of the
people. We all have to comply with the great law of change. It is the
most powerful of the laws of nature.
3. Convenient брит., амер. [kənˈviːnɪənt] (adj.) удобный,
подходящий, пригодный, находящийся поблизости, под рукой
Our house is very convenient for the shops. Results can be cast
into a very convenient form. This chair is of a convenient breadth to
sit two people on it.
4. Environmental design брит. [ɪnvaɪrənˈment(ə)l], амер.
[ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl] дизайн среды, природоохранное проектиро-
вание
Environmental design forms the reality around people today.
There aren‟t many names in the architecture and environmental
design that you can name as in fashion, but it‟s worth exploring them
too and choosing the brightest ones whose style and presentation you
like. Environmental design is the design of the space that surrounds
us in the city.
5. Ergonomic брит. [ˌɜːɡəˈnɒmɪk], амер. [ˌɜːrɡəˈnɑːmɪk]
(adj.) эргономичный, эргономический
The word ergonomic means “adapted for the most convenient
and safe operation”. Traditional ergonomic research has contributed
significantly to improving working conditions and productivity.
Ergonomic design of a working place involves changing the
workspace to fit the needs of a worker rather than making the worker
adapt to the environment.
6. Fulfill the functions – выполнять (свои) функции
All this should fulfill two main functions – aesthetic and
ergonomic (to be convenient to use). Pride rules over memories,
fulfilling the function of a censor, erasing shameful episodes from
memory. The courtyard fulfills the function of an obligatory garden
in a traditional Japanese dwelling.
7. Garden plots – приусадебные участки, приусадебные
земли, садовые участки
Lighting a garden plot is an important element of beauty and
safety. Currants and gooseberries can be used as hedges along the
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border of the garden plot. It fits harmoniously into any garden plot
and can serve as its decoration for many years.
8. Interior work – внутренняя отделка
For interior work with walls finishing, fine and medium sand is
considered the most suitable, as its use allows you to achieve
a perfectly even surface. Proceeding to the redevelopment and
interior work of the apartment or house, think in advance about the
style of the future interior. One of the halls has been prepared for this
purpose, although it is still under construction, but the outside is
ready and interior work is already underway.
9. Overlap брит. [ˌəʊvəˈlæp], амер. [ˈəʊvərlæp] (n) пере-
крытие, совпадение; (v) перекрывать, частично совпадать
The fire damaged the building coverage and overlap. The thin
walls of the museum did not overlap the sound completely, but
muffled it. This direction can overlap with both the design of
exhibition spaces and landscaping.
10. Peculiarity брит. [pɪˌkjuːlɪˈærɪtɪ], амер. [pɪˌkjuːlɪˈærətɪ]
(n) особенность, странность, характерная черта
To work in this direction, you need to know modelling
programmes, know the peculiarities of production, understand the
styles and trends of object design. But it is just age peculiarity. One
of the main particularities of the human mind is its attunement to
causal explanations.
11. Plant science – прикладная ботаника, растениеводство
Plant science, also known as botany, is a field that focuses on
the study of plants, their structure, physiology, genetics, ecology, and
interactions with the environment. For those who are involved in
plant, flower and agriculture, pearl water will help to harvest great
crops and develop new varieties. He not only created literary and
poetic works, but also founded botany, the science of plants.
12. Premise брит., амер. [ˈpremɪs] (n) исходное положение
(аргументации), постулат, исходная основа, помещение
He disagreed with her premise. We had to leave the premise.
This idea is premised on the expectation that the public will accept it.
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