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Файл:Особенности употребления англоязычной терминологии дизайна = English Design Terminology in Use. Учебное пособие.pdf
13. Promote брит. [prəˈməʊt], амер. [prəˈməʊt] (v) способ-
ствовать, поощрять, продвигать, стимулировать, переводить
в следующий класс
In this way I began to gradually promote the ideas of
minimalism. Fixtures are an important element of interior furnishings
and promote to a great extent the creation of coziness in the
apartment. It is necessary to fully promote the development of home
gardening.
14. Regardless брит. [rɪˈɡɑːdləs], амер. [rɪˈɡɑːrdləs] (adj.)
не обращающий внимания, небрежный, невнимательный,
не заслуживающий внимания, несмотря на
Regardless of which direction you choose, you will need to
know the basics of composition. We have challenges ahead of us, but
we want to do it regardless. We will proceed to decorating regardless
of future prices.
15. Retail spaces – торговые площади
It‟s fashionable to turn abandoned factories into clubs and retail
spaces. The modern design of the store‟s retail space makes for
a pleasant shopping experience. Marks&Spencer designs the retail
spaces at its stores in a highly flexible manner and aims to make
optimal use of the space.
16. Set to work – вводить в эксплуатацию, приводить
в действие, приступить к работе
He set to work on this project upon his return home. The office
should set a person to work. The sculptor was eager to set to work,
though, to all appearances, the figure of the horse occupied him
much more than that of the rider.
17. Stationery брит. [ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ], амер. [ˈsteɪʃənerɪ] (n)
канцелярские принадлежности, канцелярские товары, канцтовары
I thought the poster idea wasn‟t so bad, so I asked my dad to
take me to the stationery store. The fountain pen I‟m writing on has
the trademark of a well-known German stationery supplier.
Development of design concepts of objects surrounding us – from
stationery to cars, from dishes to computers.
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1) comply
2) convenient
3) environment
4) ergonomic
5) garden plots
6) interior work
7) peculiarity
8) premises
9) surround
10) surveying
a) эргономика
b) окружающая среда
c) внутренняя отделка
d) топографическая съемка
e) особенность
f) соответствовать
g) садовые участки
h) помещение
i) окружать
j) удобный
18. Surround брит., амер. [səˈraʊnd] (v) окружать,
обступать, осаждать, обрамлять
Hundreds of lushly blooming roses and buds, artfully
surrounded by green twigs, exuded a delicate fragrance. We are
surrounded by the same chains of stores, the furnishings of our new
apartment, household appliances, furniture turn out to be very similar
to what surrounds another person.
19. Surveying < survey брит. [səˈveɪɪŋ], амер. [sərˈveɪɪŋ]
(геологическое) изыскание, опрос, межевание; land surveying –
топографическая съемка
The unexpected and in many ways paradoxical approach to the
design of the site was widely supported by the citizens, which is
confirmed by the results of public opinion surveys. This introduction
seems necessary in order to note the peculiarities of land surveying
in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Interior work requires
an understanding of materials and architectural planning principles,
while landscape projects require knowledge of agronomy, surveying
and plant science.
20. Well-thought-out composition – хорошо продуманная
композиция
Aesthetic design should have a well-thought-out composition to
comply with the principles of harmony. Despite its small size, this is
not a study; this painting has a well thought-out composition, built
according to the laws of late-decorative cubism.
2. Match the words with their translation.
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3. Match the words from the Active Vocabulary with the
following definitions:
1) without concern as to advice, warning, hardship, etc.;
2) to enclose or confine on all sides so as to bar escape or
outside communication: the act of showing, demonstrating, or
displaying something, often in a visible or tangible form;
3) a statement that serves as the basis for an argument, theory,
or line of reasoning;
4) to have something inside;
5) writing materials and office supplies;
6) design factors, as for the workplace, intended to maximize
productivity by minimizing operator fatigue and discomfort;
7) to instruct or cause someone or something to begin working
or functioning;
8) characteristics and biology of a particular species of trees
and flowers;
9) small areas of land on which trees plants or flowers are
grown;
10) suited or favorable to one‟s comfort, purpose, or needs.
4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the Active
Vocabulary.
1. The area of all selling areas is called the … of the store.
2. All the children have been … to the next class.
3. Currants and gooseberries can be used as hedges along the
border of the … .
4. The style should … with the taste and preferences of the
future occupant.
5. You saved my life as a child, supported me as best you could,
defended me, protected me, … the oath to my father to the end.
6. This trait, as well as a passion for traveling, is quite in
keeping with the … of his nature.
7. It cannot be canceled or rescheduled to a more … time.
8. However, even these brief visits left vivid … on him.
9. Archaeological excavations have revealed another
surprising … .
10. Therefore, some … in the fields of application may occur.
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5. Make up your own sentences with the words from the
Active Vocabulary.
6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into
English using the words from the Active Vocabulary.
1. Наши мнения по этому вопросу отчасти совпадают.
2. Нужно поощрять студентов в их желании познать новое.
3. Богато украшенный зал со всех сторон окружали стены
с портретами предков хозяина.
4. Мы готовы приступить к работе, ждали только вашего
приезда.
5. Небольшой пруд всегда украсит садовый участок.
6. Это был большой серый дом, лишенный каких бы то ни
было особых черт.
7. Для клиента пришлось оставить самое удобное время.
8. Детская комната должна соответствовать особым
требованиям.
9. Школьные сумки должны быть легкими, но достаточно
вместительными, чтобы сложить все канцелярские принадлежности.
10. Множество публикаций посвящены прикладной бо-
танике.
Section 2. READING
1. Before you read the text, answer the following questions.
1. Which main functions does the design fulfill according to the
text?
2. What does “ergonomic” mean, according to the text?
3. What are the main trends in environmental design?
4. Why does the design of the environment require
responsibility?
5. Hypothesize what kind of public spaces an interior designer
is working on.
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2. Read the text the notion of the environmental design.
What Is Environmental Design?
Houses, stores, streets, parks, museums, etc. – all this should
fulfill two main functions, aesthetic (to have a well-thought-out
composition, to comply with the principles of harmony) and
ergonomic (to be convenient to use). The design of the environment
depends on the purpose of the object. So, the office should set
a person to work, and the interior of the bar, on the contrary, to
promote relaxation and informal communication.
Usually environmental designers specialize in one direction.
Interior work requires an understanding of materials and architectural
planning principles, while landscape projects require knowledge
of agronomy, surveying and plant science. Although the profession
of an environmental designer is creative, it requires great
responsibility – uncomfortable stands can spoil the impression
of customers from the store, and wrong colour combinations in the
museum – affect the success of the exhibition.
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The main directions of environmental design:
– Design of retail spaces. Work with stores, coffee houses,
restaurants, shopping centers. This direction of environmental design
is closely connected with marketing and branding, as the shopping
space should correspond to the brand concept and contain elements
of identity.
– Landscape design. Improvement of parks, boulevards,
garden plots. Includes garden and park construction, landscape
design, landscaping, etc.
– Interior design. Design of private and public premises. The
designer chooses the colour scheme, selects materials and furniture,
zoned rooms, makes an estimate. This direction can overlap with
both the design of retail spaces and landscaping.
– Subject-material design. Development of design concepts of
objects surrounding us – from stationery to cars, from dishes to
computers. To work in this direction, you need to know modelling
programmes, and the peculiarities of production, understand the
styles and trends of object design.
– Exhibition design. Designing expositions – concept
development, room design, creation of graphic materials, information
signs and pointers.
Regardless of which direction you choose, you will need to
know the basics of composition, understanding of colour and shape,
knowledge of graphic editors, ability to prepare project
documentation. Also, an environmental designer is a profession that
requires well-developed communication skills. If you plan to look for
orders on freelancing, you also need to learn how to sell your
services and find clients.
3. Say if the following statements below are true or false.
Correct the false ones.
1. The main and only principle of design is aesthetics and
beauty.
2. The goals of all design directions are always the same.
3. Working in different areas of design requires the appropriate
additional knowledge.
4. Often the design of retail spaces depends on the brand.
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1) environmental
2) graphic
3) interior
4) landscape
5) plant
6) great
7) wrong
8) shopping
9) colour
10) modelling
a) design
b) work
c) projects
d) science
e) responsibility
f) colour combination
g) centers
h) scheme
i) programmes
j) editors
5. Regardless of the field in which a designer works, she or he
must have basic artistic and communication skills.
6. Landscape designers require knowledge of agronomy and
plant science.
7. Interior designers only work on private homes and never
public spaces.
8. Environmental designers often specialize in multiple
unrelated fields simultaneously.
9. Subject-material design can include objects like stationery,
cars, and dishes.
10. Freelance environmental designers must learn to sell their
services to find clients.
4. Match the two of the phrases from the text and recall the
sentences with them.
5. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell it
in English using the phrases from the exercise 4.
Section 3. SPEAKING
1. Consider the following passages [3] about the meaning of
the word environment and answer the questions below.
Environ “to surround”. – Fr. environner, “to surround”, fr.
environ, “round about”, “a going round, circuit”, fr. virer, “to turn
round”. Environment (n), “surroundings”. – Formed from environ
with suffix. -ment; Comes from Old French environer “to surround,
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enclose, encircle”, from environ “round about”, from en- “in” +
viron “a circle, circuit”, also used as an adverb, from virer “to turn”).
-ment, common suffix of Latin origin forming nouns, originally from
French and representing Latin -mentum, which was added to verb
stems to make nouns indicating the result or product of the action of
the verb or the means or instrument of the action. In Vulgar Latin
and Old French it came to be used as a formative in nouns of action.
French inserts an -e- between the verbal root and the suffix (as in
commencement from commencer; with verbs in ir, -i- is inserted
instead.
Used with English verb stems from 16 c. (for example
amazement, betterment, merriment, the last of which also illustrates
the habit of turning -y to -i- before this suffix).
The stems to which -ment is normally appended are those of
verbs; freaks like oddment & funniment should not be made
a precedent of; they are themselves due to misconception of
merriment, which is not from the adjective, but from an obsolete
verb merry to rejoice.
2. Answer the following questions.
1. Where did the meaning environment come from?
2. Did the meaning change through years?
3. What is considered an environment today?
4. What language does the suffix -ment come from?
5. What nouns with what general meanings are formed with it?
6. Is it possible to attach it to non-borrowed roots?
3. In pairs/groups, discuss the functions of environment
design.
4. Prepare a short talk on the one of the following topics.
1. Interior Design.
2. Architectural Environment Design.
3. Landscape Design.
4. Sustainable Design.
5. City/Neighborhood Redevelopment Plan.
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Section 4. LISTENING
1. Listen to the recording and say if the following
statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. Environmental design focuses on enhancing natural, social,
cultural, and physical environments.
2. Daylighting in buildings uses artificial light to reduce energy
consumption.
3. Permeable paving allows water to seep into the ground,
reducing runoff.
4. Green roofs can improve air quality by absorbing pollutants.
5. Permeable paving worsens water quality by allowing
pollutants to seep into the ground.
2. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases you hear.
1. It‟s all about creating spaces that enhance the natural social
cultural and physical environment of …?
2. These roofs are covered in vegetation which …, reduces
storm water runoff and improves air quality.
3. This is the practice of using natural light to … and improve
the quality of light in indoor spaces.
4. This type of pavement allows water to … reducing runoff
and improving water quality.
5. This involves growing food in urban areas reducing the
distance food travels and … to Fresh Produce.
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UNIT 7. HISTORY OF DESIGN
LEAD-IN
Comment on the picture given below. What is there in the
picture? What is happening? What could have happened before?
Section 1. VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Study the Active Vocabulary. Read and translate the
given sentences into Russian. Memorise words.
1. Accessories брит. [əkˈsesərɪz], амер. [ækˈsesərɪz] (n) ак-
сессуары, принадлежности, приспособления, арматура
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